专业英语翻译Word下载.docx
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专业英语翻译Word下载.docx
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,žepočasposledný
chdesiatichrokovsahlbinné
vŕtaniebezrotačné
hostolastalodominantnoumetó
dounamorský
chvrtný
chplošiná
chprivŕtaní
prieskumný
chaťažobný
chsondnauhľovodí
ky.
Odkedybolitietojednotkyvyvinuté
rozší
rilisapocelomsvete.Vä
čšinatý
chtosysté
movbolainštalovaná
namori.Jevšakzaují
mavé
žeajvrtný
priemyselnapevninesavsú
častnostidostá
vadoštá
diaadaptá
cietejtotechnoló
gie.
Dnesjevrtné
zariadeniebezrotačné
hostolavitá
lnousú
časťouvrtné
hoprocesu.
Kuklasické
muvŕtaniubezrotačné
hostolafirmyMaritimeHydraulicsbolavyvinutá
prenosná
verziaPortableTopDrive(PTD).Zariadeniejekompaktné
mobilné
aprispô
sobivé
priprenosezjednejvrtnejveženadruhú
.
Cieľomtohotočlá
nkujeposkytnú
ťnajnovšiepoznatkyotechnoló
giiTopDrive-vŕtaniabezrotačné
hostola.
Keywords:
TopDriveSystem,PortableTopDrive,Drillingrig,Offshore,Onshore
Introduction
AhistoricalreviewandgeneraldescriptionofTopDriveSystem
In1983thedevelopmentoftheDerrickDrillingMachine(DDM)started,toreplacetheconventionalwayofrotatingthedrillstringwithaKellyrotarytable.Thefirstmodelreleasedin1984,wastheDDM650DC,anelectricallyDCdriventopdrivewith650tonloadrating,designedforoffshoreinstallations.
Afurtherdevelopmentleadtotheintroductionofthehydraulicallydriventopdrive,theDDM500/650HY,releasedin1987.
Thedemandforincreasedtorquecapacityresultedindevelopinga2-gearversionoftheDDM500/650ELandtheDDM650HYHeighttorque,bothreleasedin1989.
In1993theextreme2-motorDDM650EL„Frontier“wasintroducedintothemarket,developing2.100Hpand8.800N.mtorqueoutput.Theunofficialgoalforoneofour‘Frontier’customersistodrilladirectionalwellof12.000m.
ItisobviousthatoverthelastdecadetheTopDrivewayofdrillingshasbecomethepredominantmethodofdrillingoffshorewells.AtpresentwearealsoexperiencingthatthecriticalpartsofonshorewellsaredrilledwithTopDrive.
ThePortableTopDriveSystem(PTD)wasdevelopedasanattempttointroduceMaritimeHydraulicsintonewmarketsworldwide,andsofaritseemslikewehavesucceeded.MaritimeHydraulicsarenowabletoofferwellproventechnologytotheLandrigandcompactOffshorerigmarketatareasonablecost.
A„Slim-hole“versionofthePTDisalsodevelopedtoaccommodatetheneedfor„high-speed“(600r.p.m.)topdrivedrillingwithsmallODtubulars.Thisunitwastestedinajoinventuretestincluding6OperatorCompaniesincorporationwithRogalandResearchinStavanger,Norway.
WewillnowhaveafurtherlookatthedifferenttopdrivemodelssuppliedbyMaritimeHydraulicsaspertoday.
TopDriveSystem
PTDphilosophy
MaritimeHydraulicsutilitiesitsexpertise,gainedfromthebeginningofamajoroffshoredrillingequipmentsupplier,whenrecentlydevelopingthePortableTopDriveSystem(PTD).Thissystemisatailormadebutatthesametime,standardisedproductwhichallowtheoperatorsofLandrigsandCompactOffshorerigstoenjoyallthebenefitstheTopDriveDrillingTechnologyoffersandareasonablecost.
•ThePTDisspeciallydesignedtofitintotypicalLandrigapplicationsorothercompactandnarrowderricksofmasts.
•TheportableTopDriveisdevelopedtofitanyriginanyareawithaminimuminterfacetotherigandatareasonablecost.
•Thename„PortableTopDrive“shallreflectoneofthemainbenefitsofthissystem.
•Thechoiceofcomponentsismadebasedontheavailabilityoftheworldwidecostefficiencyandhighendurance.
•Thevarietyofoptionsallowforalwaysfindingsuitablesystemforanycustomer.Furthermore,forthedesignallows.
•Fastrigup/rigdown,utilisingquickdisconnectsonallhydraulicandelectricconnection,anduseofmodularisedskids.
•ThePTDisfully„self-propelled“system,whichincludesallnecessaryequipmentandpowersupplytofitintoanyrig.
•ThePTDistrulyportablesystemwithminorornowmodificationsrequiredforthederrickorthemast.
•Completeinstallationshavebeencarriedoutinlessthan15hours.
Fig.1.Typicalportabletopdriveriginterface.
Systemdescription
ThePTDSystem(Fig.1)consistsofthefollowingcomponents:
OVERHEAD:
•ThePortableTopDriveincludingguidedolly.
•Operator’spanelincludingsuspensionaccessories.
•TheTorquetubesystem.
•TheDiesel-hydraulicpowerunit.
•Transportationequipmentforthecompletesystem.
PTDDescription
ThePTDitselfincludes:
•agearboxincludingmainshaft.
•oneortwohydraulicmotors.
•apipehandlerincludingtorquearrestor.
•quiddollyincludingcoolerforgearboxoil.
•I.B.O.P.valve.
•elevatorlinksincl.elevator.
TopDriveGearbox
TheTopdrivegearboxisanintegratedassemblyincludingamaingearandoneortwopinionscompletewithsealsandbearings.Themaingearwheelishollowtoaccommodatethemainshaftinsideaspinedrive.Thebasicmodelisanequipmentwithonepinionpoweredbyahydraulicmotorlocatedontopofthegearbox.Forgreaterdrillingtorque,anadditionalmotorandpinionorbiggermotor(s)aremountedonthegearbox.ThevariouscombinationsofmotorsenablethePTDsystemtogivevariousdrillingtorqueonspeedoutput.Referencethetechnicalspecification,APTDwithdrillingspeedupto600rpmforslim-holedrillingisalsoavailable.Thegearsandbearingsarelubricatedbyaforcedcirculationlubricationoilcircuit.Thelubricationoiliscooledbyanaircooler.
TheTransmissionandMainShaft
TheTopdrivegearboxisanintegratedassemblyincludingamaingearandtwopinionscompletewithsealsandbearings.Themaingearwheelishollowtoaccommodatethemainshaftinsideasplinedrive.Thebasicmodelisequipmentwithtwopinionspoweredbyahydraulicmotorlocatedontopofthegearbox.Toaccommodaterequirementsforlessorhigherdrillingtorqueandspeed,variousalternativesofdrivemotorincirculationoflubricationoilcircuit.
Themainshaftisextended300mm(1ft.)abovethetopofgearbox.Theextendedtophasa65/8“APIreg.LHboxconnectiontotheswivelsub.(OptionalNc61for500tonliftingcapability).Theshafismountedtothehollowmaingearfromunderneath,andheldinpalacebyaclampingring(thestopring)above.Theweightofthegearboxandmotorsissupportedbyashoulderofthemainshaft.Thegearboxhasabearingsystemdesignedtocarrythetopdriveweightandthedynamicloadsfromdrilling.
Belowthegearboxtheshafthasanothershouldertosupportthelinkhanger.Themainshaftlowerendisa65/8“APIreg.RHboxtoconnecttheKellyvalveandthemudsaver/crossoversub.
PipeHandler
ThePipehandlerconsistsof:
•theLinkhangerincludingaspringsystemtoclearitoffthemainshaftwhiledrilling.
•hydrauliccylindersandanactuatorarmforlinktiltsystemtocleartoelevatorfromthedrillstringwhiledrillingandtopickupthepipefromthemousehole.
•rotationheadtoenable360°
positioningoftheelevator.
•abackuptongtoenableMakeup/Break-outoftheconnectionwiththehydraulicmotors.Thebackuptongmaybehoistedtobreakoutthesaversubandthemudsavervalve.Itmayalsobeutilisedfororientatingthedrillstringatdirectionaldrilling.
GuideandTorqueTrack
TheTorque/Guidetrackconsistsof:
•squarebeamssplitintofiveorsixsections,dependingontheactualderrick/mastheight.
•wheninstalledactsasonebeamfromtopofthederrickmast/downtodrillfloorlevel,alternativelyterminated7-9feetabovedrillfloor.
•atorquetransferbeambetweenthetorquetrackandthederrick/masttop(crown).
Diesel-hydraulicPowerUnit(HPU)
Dieseldriven,ACdrivenandDCdrivenpowerunitsareavailable.Includedinthissectionareadescriptionofadieseldriven,ashortdescriptionofaDCdrivenunitutilisingexistingDCmotorfortherotarytable,andadrivingofaDCdrivenHPU.
Theaircooleddieselhydraulicpowerunitisavailablewithoneortwodieselengines/pumpassemblies.Thefollowingspecificationsaremadeforoneengineskid.Theunitisself-containedandTaylor-madetomeetMH-PortableTopDriverequirements.Theunitismountedtoarigidframeworkbuildforbothoffshoreliftingandroadtransportbymeansoftruck.Thedieselengineinstalledisastandardaircooledcaterpillar3412DITA.
Generallythepowerunitconsistof:
•Adieselenginewithaskidmountedfueltank,fuelpump,filter,cooleretc.
•Asplitgearwith3powertakeoff.
•Twomainpumpsinaclosedlooptransmissionsystemwiththetopdrivemotor(s).
•Onetandempumpwhereonepumpsuppliesreplenishmentoiltotheclosedloopsystemandtheothersuppliesoiltothepipehandler.291
Pinka,Lumtzer&
Badran:
TDS-TopDriveSysté
m,newdrillingtechnology
•Ahydraulicreservoirwhichisventedthroughabreatherfilterwithintegratedmoistureseparator.
•Aircoolerforhydraulicoil.
Driller’sControlPanel
TheControlSystem,includes:
•Operator’spanel,including:
•Hydraulicremotecontrolofdrillingandpipehandlingfunctions.
•Readoutofdrillingspeedandtorque.
•ControlloopinterfacingthePTDandtheHPU.
•ControlSystemOptions.
•Electriccontrolofpipehandlerfunctions.
TransportationEquipment
•HandlingframeforthePTD.
•HosebasketforthePowerandControlloops.
•Options.
•Hosereel,pneumaticallydriven.
•TransportationskidforthePTD,torquetubeandhosereel.
AdvantagesofTopDriveDrilling
ASaferDrillingOperation:
•Thetopdrivemake-ups
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