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AbstractAbstract|Figures/TablesFigures/Tables|ReferencesReferences

Abstract

Publicsupportforelectricitygenerationfromrenewableenergysourcesiscommonlyfundedbynon-voluntarytransfersfromelectricityconsumerstoproducers.Apparently,thecost-effectivedispositionoffundsintermsofinducedcapacitydeploymenthastoberegardedakeycriterionforthesuccessofrenewableenergypolicy.

Gridconnectioncostsareamajorcostcomponentintheutilizationofoffshorewindenergyforelectricitygeneration.Inthispaper,theeffectofdifferentattributionmechanismsofthesecostsonoverallcost-effectivenessfromconsumers'

perspectiveisanalyzed.

Themajorresultofthisinvestigationisthatanattributionofgridconnectioncoststogridoperators–asagainsttogenerators–leadstoasmallerproducersurplusand,hence,tolowertransfercostsforelectricityconsumers.ApplyingthisapproachtothedeploymentofUKRoundsIIandIIIoffshorewindfarmscouldleadtoannualsavingsofsocialtransfersof£

1.2bandanequalreductionofproducersurplus.Thisamountwouldbesufficienttofinancethedeploymentofadditional10%ofthecapacityunderconsideration.

ArticleOutline

1.Introduction

2.Background

2.1.Windpowergridintegrationcosts

2.2.Attributionofgridintegrationcosts

2.3.Researchquestion

2.4.Approach

3.Electricitygenerationcostsofoffshorewindpower

4.Theimpactofshallowversussuper-shallowchargingofoffshorewindfarmconnectionsonthecost-effectivenessofpublicsupport

4.1.Demandforelectricitygenerationfromoffshorewindenergy

4.2.Supplycurveforoffshorewindenergy

4.3.Producersurplusofgenerators

4.4.Transfercostsofelectricityconsumers

4.5.Transfercostsavings

5.AssessmentofpotentialtransfercostsavingsinthedeploymentofRoundIIandRoundIIIoffshorewindfarmsintheUK

5.1.SupplycurveforUKRoundsIIandIIIoffshorewindfarms—coreassumptions

5.2.Quantificationofpotentialtransfercostsavings

5.3.Validityofassumptionsoncostparameters

5.4.Improvementofcost-effectivenessthroughjointconnectionapproaches

6.Conclusions

Acknowledgements

AppendixA

References

Purchase

Highlights

►Gridconnectioncostsofmarginalwindfarmaddtosubmarginalproducersurplus.►Overallproducersurplustobepaidforbyelectricityconsumers（transfercosts）.►Allocatinggridconnectioncoststogridoperatorsleadstotransfercostsavings.►SavingsforUKRoundsIIandIIIoffshorewindfarmprojectsmayreach£

1.2bperyear.►Thesesavingscouldfinanceadditional10%capacity（+3.3 

GW）.

44

Middle–LateEocenestructureofthesouthernLevantcontinentalmargin—Tectonicmotionversusglobalsea-levelchange 

Tectonophysics,Volume499,Issues1-4,2March2011,Pages165-177

AmitSegev,UriSchattner,VladimirLyakhovsky

DuringthePaleogenegreenhouseepisodeEarthexperiencedthewarmestperiodoftheCenozoicwhileglobalsealevelrosebymorethan100 

m.However,geologicalevidencefromtheLevantmargin,northwesternArabianplate,indicatesthatthroughoutthisperiodseabeddeepeningexceeded1000 

m.LithologyfromIsrael,Syria,LebanonandJordanismainlypelagicandneritic,interferedbyoccasionalfossilsub-marineslumps.InordertounderstandthisdissimilaritywequantifytheverticaltectonicmotionoftheLevantcontinentalmarginthroughthePaleogene.ThemarginbegantotakeshapeduringtheLatePermiananditwasreactivatedduringtheOligocene.Basedoninformationfromoutcrops,drillholes,seismicreflectionandrefraction,gravity,andpreviouspublications,amulti-layeredmodeloftheLevantlithospherewasestablished.LayersincludetheMoho,topofthecrystallinebasementandcoveringsedimentsuptotheLateEocene.Themodelwasrestoredhorizontallyby100 

kmalongtheyoungerDeadSeatransform.Assuminglocalisostaticcompensation,verticalrestorationyieldedthepaleo-bathymetrywhichprevailedacrossnorthwesternArabiaduringtheMiddle–LateEocene.ResultsshowthatfollowingthemarginsubsidencetheCretaceousLevantineplatformbecamerampshapedduringtheEocene.MostpartsofthecentralLevantweresubmergedunder~ 

200to~ 

1800 

mofwater,whilethepaleo-bathymetricgradientsrangedfrom~ 

2°

attheshelfto~ 

6°

attheslope.Theapparentdissimilaritybetweensealevelandourtectonic-basedcalculationsisuptoanorderofmagnitude.Thesedifferencesmayberesolvedbyaccountingforverticaltectonicmotionsandsedimentsupplyrates.Ourresultsstresstheimportanceofthepresentedcrustalstructure.Asopposedtothebackstrippingprocedure,thestructuralmapofthetopEoceneinterfacewasconstructedupwardsfromthewellestablishedtopTuronian（JudeaGroup）interfacesinceonlyscarceandsporadicoutcropsofthetargethorizonareavailable.Wesuggestthatasimilarapproachshouldbeappliedtore-evaluatethedepositionalenvironmentsacrosstheentirecontinentalmarginoftheeasternMediterranean,anareawithprovenhydrocarbonprospects.

1.Introduction

1.1.FormationanddevelopmentoftheLevantmargin

2.ThecentralLevantlithospherestructure

2.1.Crystallinecrust

2.2.Sedimentarysuccession

3.RestorationofsurfacestotheirpositionintheMiddle–LateEocene

3.1.Horizontalrestoration

3.2.Verticalrestoration

4.Discussionandconclusions

ResearchHighlights

►Levantmargin-betweenArabia’sactiveconvergenceandpassivenorthernAfrica.►Recurringtectono-magmaticactivitysinceitsformationinthePermian.►Early-to-middlePaleogenetranquilitydictatesisostaticcompensationandsubsidence.►TectonicsubsidenceandsealevelriseleadtoArabianplate’slargesttransgression.►CalculateEocene-timebathymetryhighlightsdepositionalenvironments.

45

Assessmentofamodifiedmethodfordeterminingthecoolingloadofresidentialbuildings 

Energy,Volume35,Issue12,December2010,Pages4726-4730

A.Fouda,Z.Melikyan

Coolingloadcalculationsareessentialinsizingairconditioningsystemequipment.Indesigningenergy,efficientandrenewableenergysourcedcoolingsystemsforbuildings,itisimportanttohavetheexactvaluesofcoolingloadsandseasonalcoolingdemandsofbuildings.Inthispapernewassessmentmethodformoreprecisedeterminingofcoolingloadsandseasonalcoolingdemandsofresidentialbuildingsaredeveloped,whicharenecessaryforrightsolutionsofcoolingefficiencyproblems.ComparingtothemethodofASHRAE,exampleandothermethodsitprovidesmorecorrectresults.Applicationofsuggestedmethodprovidesbetteraccuracyinassessmentofcoolingloadsespeciallyforseasonalaspects,astheytakeintoaccounttheimpactofmorefactors.

2.Methodfordeterminingthecoolingloadsofbuildings

3.Validityofmathematicalmodelprogramandillustrativeexample

4.Methodfordeterminingofseasonalcoolingdemandsforbuildings

4.1.Daytime

4.2.Nighttime

5.Conclusions

46

AMARTebasedsimulatorfortheJETVerticalStabilizationsystem 

FusionEngineeringandDesign,InPress,CorrectedProof,Availableonline9April2011

TeresaBellizio,GianmariaDeTommasi,NicolaRisoli,RaffaeleAlbanese,Andrè

NetoandJET–EFDAContributors

Validationbymeansofsimulationisacrucialstepwhendevelopingreal-timecontrolsystems.Modelingandsimulationareanessentialtoolsincetheearlydesignphase,whenthecontrolalgorithmsaredesignedandtested.Thisphaseiscommonlycarriedoutinoff-lineenvironmentssuchasMatlab®

andSimulink®

.

AMARTe-basedsimulatorhasbeenrecentlydevelopedtovalidatethenewJETVerticalStabilization（VS）system.MARTeisthemulti-threadframeworkusedatJETtodeployhardreal-timecontrolsystems.

ThispaperpresentsthesoftwarearchitectureoftheMARTe-basedsimulatoranditshowshowthistoolhasbeeneffectivelyusedtoevaluatetheeffectsofEdgeLocalizedModes（ELMs）ontheVSsystem.Byusingthesimulatoritispossibletoanalyzedifferentplasmaconfigurations,extrapolatingthelimitofthenewverticalamplifierintermsoftheenergyofthelargestrejectableELM.

2.TheVerticalStabilizationsimulator

2.1.Softwarearchitecture

2.2.Human–machineinterface

3.Acasestudy:

largerrejectableELM