旅游英语环球之旅印度Word格式.docx
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旅游英语环球之旅印度Word格式.docx
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约在公元前14世纪,原居住在中亚的雅利安人中的一支进入南亚次大陆,并征服了当地土著。
约公元前1000年,开始形成以人种和社会分工不同为基础的种姓制度。
公元前4世纪崛起的孔雀王朝开始统一印度次大陆,公元前3世纪阿育王统治时期疆域广阔,政权强大,佛教兴盛并开始向外传播。
中世纪小国林立,印度教兴起。
自11世纪起,来自西北方向的穆斯林民族不断入侵并长期统治印度。
1526年建立莫卧儿帝国,成为当时世界强国之一。
1600年英国侵入,建立东印度公司。
1757年,印度和英国之间爆发了普拉西大战,印度因战败而逐步沦为英国的殖民地。
1849年,英国侵占印度全境。
1857年爆发反英大起义,次年英国政府直接统治印度。
1947年6月,英将印度分为印度和巴基斯坦两个自治领。
同年8月15日,印度在与巴基斯坦分治后实现独立。
1950年1月26日,印度宣布成立印度共和国,但仍为英联邦成员国。
Namaskar((印度)合十礼),welcometoIncredibleIndia,wherecultureechoes,traditionspeaks,beautyenthralls(迷惑,迷醉)anddiversitydelights.Boundedbythemajestic(宏伟的,庄严的)Himalayanranges(喜玛拉雅山脉)inthenorthandedgedbyanendlessstretchofgoldenbeaches,India
isavividkaleidoscope(万花筒,时时变化的鲜明景色)oflandscapes,magnificenthistoricalsites(遗址)androyalcities,mistymountainretreats(宁静、幽僻的地方),colourfulpeople,richculturesandfestivities.
Thetimelessmystery(神秘)andbeautyofIndiahasbeenwaitingforyoufor5000years,alwayswarmandinviting(引人动心的,有魅力的),aplaceofinfinitevariety--onethatfavoursyouwithdifferentfacetsofitsfascination(魔力,魅力)everytimeyouvisitIndia.
India
--thelandtotravelto,ahavenoftourismdelights,acivilization(文明,文化)totourthrough.TouristscometoIndiaforitswealthofsights,cultural
exuberance(丰富,充沛),diversityofterrain(地形)andinsearchofthatspecialsomething,anextrapunchthatonlyIndiapromisesanddelivers.Teemingwithoverabillionpeoplewhovoiceoveramillionconcernsinfifteenhundreddifferentlanguages,Indiaiswherepeoplelivewithvariety,thriveondiversityandaretoofamiliarwith(熟悉,通晓,精通)largenesstoletitboggle(吓倒)them.Mudhuts(泥屋)andmansions(大厦;
宅邸)faceoffacrosscitystreets.Luridluxuryandlimplivingareinhabitantsofthesamelane.
Fromthesmokymangroves(红树林)oftheSunderbans(孙德尔本斯)tothesteamingTharDesert(塔尔沙漠(在印度西北部和巴基斯坦东南部)),sizzlingcitieslikeMumbai(孟买)andDelhi(德里)tothescintillating(有活力的)villagesofKhajuraho(卡修拉荷,以其千年神庙闻名,在神庙里雕刻了几十幅“性力崇拜”的雕塑)andHampi(汉皮,其古迹群入选世界文化遗产),fromtheheightsoftheHimalayastothedeepbluewatersaroundtheAndamans(安达曼群岛),Indiaisatravelhaven--atourpackagethatfrustrates(使失望;
使沮丧)anddelights,asdemandingasitisrewarding.
Itdemandsthatthetravellerbepreparedforitsownstrangeformsoftourismofferings--thecrowdsatPushkar(普虚卡,印度教圣地,供奉创始神梵天),forpushy(令人讨厌的,大胆妄为的)mendicants(乞丐)atHaridwar(哈德瓦),forhighcommercialism(商业主义,重商主义)atspiritualretreats.Butequally,itmeansthathebepreparedforanoverwhelmingwarmthinthepeople,easeofconversation,andtobestunnedintospeechlessnessbythebeauty,sometimesthemanmade(人造的)andoftenthenatural.
Butwhatexactlyisitthatgetstwoandahalfmillionpeopletopacktheirbags,book(预订)theirtickets,buyindustrialsizecansofsuntanlotion(太阳油,晒日光浴用的护体乳液)andenoughtoiletpaper(卫生纸,草纸)tosupplytheentirepopulationofLiechtenstein((中欧国家)列支敦士登)foronemonth,andwingtheirwaytoIndia?
GiventhatthisisthelandoftheTaj(泰姬陵),grantedtoothattea,tobacco,tempestuousdemocracy(民主政治)andterrifictravelareagreatcombinationbutsurelythat'
snotreasonenough.
Theremustbemorebecausebetweentruismsandhalf-truths,Indiahasinspiredmorethananyoneplace'
sfairshareoftravellore.And,perhapsthat'
swhatitis--thelegendsofIndia--that'
swhatinspirespeoplefromfarandneartotravelhere,tosortoutforthemselveswhat'
strueandwhat'
sjustawholelotoftourismpamphlet(小册子)hype(骗局,大肆宣传,大做广告).
Ifthat'
swhatyou'
regoingtobedoing,here'
sabitofIndiatourismmantra(颂歌,咒语(尤指四吠陀经典内作为咒文或祷告唱念的))tohelpyouonyourway:
expectnothingandeverythingwillbeyours.
TheGoldenTriangle
旅游金三角
印度北部的德里、亚格拉、斋浦尔三个城市,构成了印度最著名的“旅游金三角”,是最值得一游的路线。
Thistriangleofthreecitiesperfectlycaptures(捕获)thepageantryofIndia.Itisagorgeouspanorama(全景画)ofmajesticarchitectural(建筑学的)creationsandarichtraditionofartandculture.Hereyoucanseesomeofthe
imagesthat
epitomize(集中体现)India.
Themarble(大理石的)symphony(交响曲,和谐的东西)ofShahjahan'
s(沙贾汗,修建泰姬陵的莫卧儿王朝的皇帝)TajMahal(泰姬陵),(oneoftheeightwondersoftheworld)theimperialeleganceofLutyen'
s(设计新德里的设计师)NewDelhi,thesplendourofthedesertcityofJaipur(斋浦尔,有“粉红城市”之称).Everycityoffersitsuniqueblendofsights,soundsandexperiences.These
rangefromtheopulence(富裕)oftheMughalEmpire(莫卧儿帝国)tothevibrantlifeofmodernIndia.
IwouldrecommendthatyoustartyourtouratDelhi,whichisconnectedtomostcitiesintheworld.FromDelhi,Agra(阿格拉,泰姬陵所在地)is200kmandJaipuris250kmaway.
TheHeartofHeritage
DiscovertheheartofIndiaasyoutravelthroughMadhyaPradesh(中央邦).Thisisalandscapeofabundantforests,soaringhillsandsilvershimmeringriversthatwasonceKipling'
s(吉卜林(1865-1936),英国作家,
1907年获诺贝尔文学奖,曾写过有关英国占领下的印度的小说)India.Here,experiencethetimelessspiritofancientIndia.WhereEmpiresroseandfell,leavingbehindinforbiddingfortresses(堡垒,要塞)andornate(华丽的)palaces,thememoryoftheirpastglory.Thepilgrim'
s(朝圣者)routemeandersthroughtempleswherestonecarvingscapture
everyfacetoflife.AndthefaithfulworshipatBuddhist(佛教的)stupas(佛塔).
BeginyourjourneyattheancientcityofGwalior(瓜廖尔,一座历史古城).TakeabreakatShivpuri,anationalpark.AtOrchha,thetemplesandpalacesoftheBundelarulerslinethebanksofariver.Andthehighpointofyourtripwillbethefinaldestination(目的地)--theincomparable(无与伦比的)templesofKhajuraho.
TheGreatPilgrimage
Asthesunrisesoveraholyriverorthesea,theairechoestothepilgrims'
chant(圣歌)ofmantrasaneternal(永久的;
不朽的)dawnritualaskingforthebenediction(祝福)oftheGods.DiscovertheancientrootsofHinduism(印度教)intheseage-oldcities.Wherereligionismorethananactofworship(崇拜,礼拜);
itisawayoflife,
wherepeoplecelebrateoneoftheoldestlivingreligionsoftheworld.
AtPrayag(钵逻耶伽),takeadipattheholyconfluence(汇合)oftheGanga(恒河),Yamuna(亚姆纳河)andSaraswati(萨拉瓦地河)rivers;
whileVaranasi(瓦腊纳西[印度东北部城市](旧称贝拿勒斯))isacitythatsingsoutitsprayerstoLordShiva(湿婆神).Fromthetumultuous(喧嚣的)seaofPuri(普里)andKonark(科纳拉克),thepilgrimswindtheirwaytotheJagannathTemple(加达纳许庙,此庙又称为“性庙”。
庙宇支撑屋檐的斜托木是彩绘的浮雕,在立姿的佛像下是男女交欢的场景。
)andtheexquisiteSunTemple(科纳拉克的太阳神庙).Onthepilgrimage,discoveryourselfandthepeacedeepwithinyou.
TheBeachesofIndia
Imagineifyoucanasunriseoverthehorizon(地平线)turningtheseaintomoltengold,thecrashingsurfstreamingupthesandandthenrecedingagain,leavingbehindseashellsanddriftwood(流木,浮木).Theswaying,fringedshadowofthepalms(棕榈).OntheeasternandwesterncoastsofKerala(喀拉拉邦(印度西南部)),endlessbeachesofferyouabalmyholiday.
TheKonkan(孔坎)coastinthewesthasthebeachesofGoa(果阿)andDiu(第乌,印度西部一岛屿).GosouthwardstothewhitesandsofKovalam(科瓦兰海滩)ontheMalabarCoast(马拉巴尔海岸).OntheCoromandelCoast(科罗曼德尔海岸)intheeastaretherock-cuttemplesbytheseaatMamallapuram(马哈拉里普林)andtheseasideretreatatGopalpur-on-Sea.Thesebreathtakingbeachespromisetheperfectescapetotranquility(宁静).
TheNorth-East
Morningbringsamistydawnonthemountains,abronzesunsetspillsacrosstheexpanseoftheBrahmaputra(雅鲁藏布江).Theclangofprayerbellsatamonastery(寺院).LifemovesataserenepaceintheNorthEast.TheNorthEastiscomposedofsevenstateswhose
naturalbeautyhasearnedthemthesobriquet(绰号)of'
sevensisters'
.
Assam(阿萨姆邦),Nagaland(那加兰邦),ArunachalPradesh(阿鲁纳恰尔邦),Manipur(曼尼普尔区[印度一中央直辖区]),Tripura(特里普拉邦),Mizoram(米佐拉姆[印度一中央直辖区])andMeghalaya(梅加拉亚邦)havebeengenerouslyblessedbynature.
Verdant(翠绿的,青翠的)valleys,emerald(翠绿色的)teagardens,lush(茂盛的;
青葱的)forestsandtumultuousriversblendtocreatemagnificentlandscapes.
BeginyourtravelatthepicturesquecityofGangtok(甘托克),capitalofSikkim(锡金),whereorchids(兰花)bloomonthehillside.ThenjourneytoGuwahati,Kohima,Shillong(西隆(梅加拉亚邦首府))--theincomparablejewelsoftheNorthEast.Eachblessedwithsalubrious(对身体或健康有益的)climate,fascinatingcustoms,beautifulhandicraftsandthewarmwelcomeofitsgentlepeople.
ThetotalareaofIndia'
sprotectedwildnessisapproximately140,000sqkm(平方千米)andconstitutes(组成;
构成)4percentofthecentury'
stotallandarea.Theemphasishasnotonlybeenonprotectingwildlifeinreservedforests,butinareaswheremanandanimalcontinuetoliveinharmony(协调,融洽).
Thecountry'
sprotectedwildernessconsistsof75NationalParksand421Sanctuaries(动物保护区),ofwhich19fallunderthepurviewofProjectTiger.Itsclimaticandgeographic(地理的)diversitymakesitthehomeofover350mammalsand1200birdspecies,manyofwhichareuniquetothesubcontinent(次大陆).Thelandoftigerand
theelephant,thepeacock(孔雀)andtherhinoceros(犀牛),India'
swildlifeisadelightforthenaturelover.Thewildlifeparksandsanctuariesspreadacrossthecountryofferafascinatingdiversityofterrain,flora(植物群)andfauna(动物群).
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