美国文学选读 诗歌鉴赏Word文档下载推荐.docx

美国文学选读 诗歌鉴赏Word文档下载推荐.docx

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Thissuggeststhatthefriendshipiseverlasting.

Thispoemiswritteninatraditionaliambicformwiththefeet“aabbaaccddee”.

Inthepoem,Longfellowsingsthefriendshipimplicitlyandskillfully.

Thearrowandthesonginthispoemstandforthefriendship.

Structurally,thefirstandthesecondstanzadevelopinaparallelway,yetinthelaststanzathepoetjoinsthetwoindependentimageslogicallytogethertoindicatethestrengthoffantasticconceitinpoetry.

APsalmofLife人生颂

Tellmenot,inmornfulnumbers

不要在哀伤的诗句里告诉我：

"

Lifeisbutanemptydream!

“人生不过是一场幻梦！

”

Forthesoulisdeadthatslumbers

因为灵魂睡着了，就等于死了，

Andthingsarenotwhattheyseem.

事物的真相与外表不同。

Inthisopeningstanza,Longfellowdeclareshimselftobeabelieverinlifehereafter来世.

Lifeisreal!

Lifeisearnest!

人生是真切的！

人生是实在的！

Andthegraveisnotitsgoal;

它的归宿决不是荒坟；

Dustthouart,todustreturnest,"

“你本是尘土，必归于尘土”，

Wasnotspokenofthesoul.

这是指躯壳，不是指灵魂。

Thesecondstanzacontinueswiththesamebeliefinafterlifethatispresentinthefirst.

Longfellowstatesthisclearlywhenhewrites,"

Andthegraveisnotitsgoal."

Itmeansthatlifedoesn'

tendforpeoplesimplybecausetheydie;

thereisalwayssomethingmoretobehopefulandoptimisticfor.

Notenjoyment,andnotsorrow,

我们命定的目标和道路

Isourdestined命中注定的endorway;

不是享乐，也不是受苦；

Buttoact,thateachto-morrow

而是行动，在每个明天

Findusfartherthanto-day.

都超越今天，跨出新步。

Longfellowbeginsdiscussinghowhumansmustlivetheirlivesinconstantanticipationforthenextdayunderthebeliefthatitwillbebetterthaneachdaybeforeit:

"

Buttoactthateachto-morrow/Findusfartherthanto-day."

Artislong,andTimeisfleeting,

智艺无穷，时光飞逝；

Andourhearts,thoughstout顽强的andbrave,

这颗心，纵然勇敢坚强，

Still,likemuffled捂住drums,arebeating

也只如那鼓，闷声敲动着，

Funeralmarches葬礼进行曲tothegrave.

一下又一下，向坟地送丧。

Inthisstanza,Longfellowassertsthatthereisneveraninfiniteamountoftimetolive,butartthatiscreatedduringone'

slifecanbepreservedindefinitelyandliveonlongafteritscreatordies.

Intheworld'

sbroadfieldofbattle,

世界是一片辽阔的战场，

Inthebivouac 

['

bivuæ

k] 

露营oflife,

人生是到处扎寨安营；

Benotlikedumb,drivencattle!

莫学那听人驱策的哑畜，

Beaherointhestrife!

奋斗,努力

做一个威武善战的英雄！

Inthisstanza,Longfellowlikenslivingintheworldtofightingonahugefieldofbattle.

Hebelievesthatpeopleshouldleadheroicandcourageouslivesandnotsitidleandremainineffectualwhiletheworldrapidlychangesaroundthem:

Beaherointhestrife!

“

TrustnoFuture,howe'

erpleasant!

别指望将来，不管它多可爱！

LetthedeadPastburyitsdead!

把已逝的过去永久掩埋！

Act,--actinthelivingPresent!

行动吧－－趁着活生生的现在！

Heartwithin,andGodo'

evhead!

心中有赤心，头上有真宰！

Longfellowthenencourageseveryonetohavefaithandtrustthelordandnottorelyonanunknownfuturetobestableandsupportive.

Headvisespeopletoseizethemomentstheyhavebeforethemandactwhilethinkingabouttheirpresentsituations.

Livesofgreatmenallremindus

伟人的生平启示我们：

Wecanmakeourlivessublime壮丽的；

高尚的,

我们能够生活得高尚，

And,departing死亡,leavebehindus

而当告别人世的时候，

Footprintsonthesandoftime;

留下脚印在时间的沙上

Longfellowcontinueshispoembycitingthelivesofgreatandimportantmenwhowereabletoleadincrediblelivesandleavetheirmarks.

Heviewsthesemenasrolemodelsforpeoplewhohaveyettolivetheirlives;

Longfellowencourageshisreaderstoleavetheirown"

footprintsonthesandsoftime"

andbecomeimportant.

Footprints,thatperhapsanother,

也许我们有一个兄弟

Sailingo'

erlife'

ssolemnmain大海,

航行在庄严的人生大海，

Aforlorn 

[fəˈlɔ:

n]孤独凄凉的andshipwreckedbrother,

遇险沉了船，绝望的时刻，

Seeing,shalltakeheartagain.

会看到这脚印而振作起来。

Inthisstanza,thesecondtolastinthepoem,continueswiththissamepoint.Itdescribeshowsuccessfulpeopleinthepasthavetheirlivescopied,whilethosewhofailedserveasexamplesofwaysoflifetoavoid.

Thefinallinesofthepoemechothebeginningonesandofferperhapsthemostimportantadviceinapoemthatischockedfullofit.Longfellowencouragesalltoworkandtrytheirhardesttomaketheirlivesgreatandaccomplishasmuchastheycan.

Letus,then,beupanddoing,

那么，让我们起来干吧，

Withaheartforanyfate;

对任何命运要敢于担戴；

Stillachieving,stillpursuing,

不断地进取，不断地追求，

Learntolaborandtowait.

要善于劳动，善于等待。

Longfellowconveyshismessagethesamewayhedidintherestofthepoem:

byspeakingdirectlytothereaderandprovidinghisreasoningforbelievinginsomethingmore,insomethingbetter.

Longfellowensureshisfollowersthattherewardsforwhattheyachievewillcomeeventually-ifnotinthislifetime,then,certainly,inthenext.

Edgarallanpoe

Sonnet-toscience

Structure:

The

first

quatra

in,condemns

Science

as

a

“true

daughter

of

Old

Time”

and

“Vulture”that“preyst...uponthepoet’sheart”

Thesecondquatrain,posesrhetoricalquestionsaskinghowapoetcouldlike,respect,

orjoinscience.

Thethirdquatrain,accusesScienceofspoilingsomebeautifulmyths,suchasthatof

DianaandtheHamadryad.

Finally,

the

concluding

couplet

reveals

reason

for

persona’s

lament;

here,

withthepoem’sonlyfirst

-personpronoun,thepersonafocusesattentiononhimself,

accusingScienceofdeprivinghimofhisreverie.

Theme:

Poeexpressesnontraditionalaccusationsofscience.Itisspoken

through

vision

ofapassionatemanmourningtheslaughterofmythology,fantasy,artbyitsalleged

archenemy,Science.Scienceisportrayedasevilandwordslike"

preyst,"

Vulture,"

and"

torn"

areusedtodescribescience'

simpactonmankind.

Poedoesnotseescienceandscientificdevelopmentasagoodthing,ratherhefeels

thatscience"

alterestallthingswiththypeeringeyes."

He

imploresScienceastowhy“she”mustimposeher“dullrealities”ontheheartsof

poetslikehimself,squelchingtheirwandering

minds.Hequestionsthedesertionof

imaginationbytheobjectiveforceofscience.

is

inclined

to

avoid

logicin

his

argument,

although

classic

sonnet

structure

implies

own

attempt

rationalize

thoughts.

Perhaps

contrasted

with

such

feelings

further

insinuates

humanity'

s

paradoxical

need

organizationineveryfieldofthought.

ToHelen

Helen,thybeautyistome

LikethoseNicé

anbarksofyore,

Thatgently,o'

eraperfumedsea,

Theweary,way-wornwandererbore

Tohisownnativeshore.

Ondesperateseaslongwonttoroam,

Thyhyacinthhair,thyclassicface,

ThyNaiadairshavebroughtmehome

TotheglorythatwasGreece

AndthegrandeurthatwasRome.

Lo!

Inyonbrilliantwindow-niche

Howstatue-likeIseetheestand,

Theagatelampwithinthyhand!

Ah,Psyche,fromtheregionswhich

AreHoly-Land!

海伦，你的美貌于我

似远古尼西亚人的帆船，

轻轻飘过芬芳的海面，

让旅途劳顿的游子，

回到他故乡的岸边。

在漂泊已久、波涛汹涌的海上，

你风信子般的头发、古典的脸庞，

和尼厄神殿的风采已带我回家乡，

回到罗马曾经的伟大，

和希腊曾经的荣光。

瞧！

彼处辉煌龛盒里

你，恰似雕像，伫立，

玛瑙灯儿手中提！

呵！

赛琪，来自

仙土圣地！

Stanza1:

ThepoetfirstmentionedHelen,themostfamousbeautyinGreatmythology.ThenPoecomparedhimselftoOdysseus,whowanderedfortenyearsovertheseatogethome.AsOdysseus,EdgarAllanPoewaspersistentinhischasingafterfineartswiththesincerebeliefthatart,orbeautyandtruth,istheultimateaim,thehome,forthewanderingpoet;

whileHelen,theembodimentofancientbeauty,istheguidertothatdreamland.诗人第一次提到海伦,最著名的风景就像是伟大神话。

然后坡把自己比做奥德修斯,就是走迷了十年海里回家。

作为奥德修斯、埃德加·

爱伦·

坡执说捕美真诚的信仰,艺术、美与真,不是最终的目的,;

海伦的美,体现古代美,是那梦境的向导。

Stanza2:

Alltheartandliteratureoriginatedfromonething---beauty.HavingtakenHelenastheembodimentofbeauty,thepoetwasconfidentthatoncehesawHelen,hewassuretobeledbyHelentothehomeofbeauty---fineandpureliterature.PoeinsistedthatGreeceandRomearethehomesofbeauty,thetreasurehousesoffineartandliterature.所有的艺术和文学的起源从一件事---美。

海伦作为美的化身，诗人有信心，有一次他看到海伦，他相信由海伦导致美家---及纯文学。

坡坚持认为，希腊和罗马是最美丽的家园，美术和文学宝库。

Stanza3:

ThespeakerseesHelenstandinginthebrightnicheandholdinginherhandanagatelamp.SheisquitesimilartogoddessPsychefromGreekMyth.ThroughhisdescriptionofhispassiontoHelen,Poeexpressedhispursuitandsinceredevotiontobeauty.

Inthepoem,threebeautiesinancientGreekmythology—Helen,NaiadandPsyche---arementionedjusttoshowthatbeautyissomethingthatexisted;

itisveryholybutitishardtoreach.看到海伦站在明亮的利基，及举起了她的手中玛瑙灯。

她和希腊神话女神颇为相似。

通过他的描述，表示表明他对美的追求和真诚奉献。

在这首诗中，提到了三个美女在古希腊神话中的海伦，稚虫和普赛克---只是表明美是存在的，它是非常神圣的，但它是很难达到的。

EzraPound

Inastationofthemetro

Theapparitionofthesefa