IPv6IPv4Word文件下载.docx
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IPv6IPv4Word文件下载.docx
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©
2002MicrosoftCorporation.Allrightsreserved.
MicrosoftandWindowsareeitherregisteredtrademarksortrademarksofMicrosoftCorporationintheUnitedStatesand/orothercountries.
Thenamesofactualcompaniesandproductsmentionedhereinmaybethetrademarksoftheirrespectiveowners.
Contents
Introduction1
NodeTypes1
CompatibilityAddresses2
CoexistenceMechanisms4
DualIPLayer4
IPv6overIPv4Tunneling5
DNSInfrastructure6
AddressRecords6
PointerRecords6
AddressSelectionRules6
TunnelingConfigurations7
Router-to-Router7
Host-to-RouterandRouter-to-Host8
Host-to-Host8
TypesofTunnels9
ConfiguredTunnels9
AutomaticTunnels9
6to411
6to4SupportintheWindows.NETServer2003Family13
ISATAP16
UsinganISATAPRouter17
ResolvingtheISATAPName18
Resolvingthe_ISATAPNameforWindowsXP19
Usingthenetshinterfaceipv6isatapsetrouterCommand20
SettingupanISATAPRouter20
ISATAPand6to4Example21
Part1:
FromISATAPHostAto6to4RouterA23
Part2:
From6to4RouterAto6to4RouterB23
Part3:
From6to4RouterBtoISATAPHostB24
PortProxy25
MigratingtoIPv627
AppendixA:
IPv6AutomaticTunneling28
AppendixB:
6over429
Summary32
RelatedLinks33
Introduction
ProtocoltransitionsarenoteasyandthetransitionfromIPv4toIPv6isnoexception.Protocoltransitionsaretypicallydeployedbyinstallingandconfiguringthenewprotocolonallnodeswithinthenetworkandverifyingthatallnodeandrouteroperationsworksuccessfully.Althoughthismightbepossibleinasmallormediumsizedorganization,thechallengeofmakingarapidprotocoltransitioninalargeorganizationisverydifficult.Additionally,giventhescopeoftheInternet,rapidprotocoltransitionbecomesanimpossibletask.
ThedesignersofIPv6recognizethatthetransitionfromIPv4toIPv6willtakeyearsandthattheremightbeorganizationsorhostswithinorganizationsthatwillcontinuetouseIPv4indefinitely.Therefore,whilemigrationisthelong-termgoal,equalconsiderationmustbegiventotheinterimcoexistenceofIPv4andIPv6nodes.
ThedesignersofIPv6intheoriginal“TheRecommendationfortheIPNextGenerationProtocol”specification(RFC1752)definedthefollowingtransitioncriteria:
∙ExistingIPv4hostscanbeupgradedatanytime,independentoftheupgradeofotherhostsorrouters.
∙Newhosts,usingonlyIPv6,canbeaddedatanytime,withoutdependenciesonotherhostsorroutinginfrastructure.
∙ExistingIPv4hosts,withIPv6installed,cancontinuetousetheirIPv4addressesanddonotneedadditionaladdresses.
∙LittlepreparationisrequiredtoeitherupgradeexistingIPv4nodestoIPv6ordeploynewIPv6nodes.
TheinherentlackofdependenciesbetweenIPv4andIPv6hosts,IPv4routinginfrastructure,andIPv6routinginfrastructurerequiresanumberofmechanismsthatallowseamlesscoexistence.
Note
Exceptwherenoted,thesupportforcoexistenceandmigrationisthesamefortheIPv6protocolfortheWindows.NETServer2003familyandtheIPv6protocolforWindowsXPorWindowsXPwithServicePack1(SP1).
NodeTypes
RFC2893definesthefollowingnodetypes:
∙IPv4-onlynode
AnodethatimplementsonlyIPv4(andhasonlyIPv4addresses).ThisnodedoesnotsupportIPv6.MosthostsandroutersinstalledtodayareIPv4-onlynodes.
∙IPv6-onlynode
AnodethatimplementsonlyIPv6(andhasonlyIPv6addresses).ThisnodeisonlyabletocommunicatewithIPv6nodesandapplications.Thistypeofnodeisnotcommontoday,butmaybecomemoreprevalentassmallerdevicessuchascellularphonesandhandheldcomputingdevicesincludeIPv6stacks.
∙IPv6/IPv4node
AnodethathasbothIPv4andIPv6implemented.ThisnodeisIPv6-enabledifithasanIPv6interfaceconfigured.
∙IPv4node
AnodethatimplementsIPv4(itcansendandreceiveIPv4packets).AnIPv4nodecanbeanIPv4-onlynodeoranIPv6/IPv4node.
∙IPv6node
AnodethatimplementsIPv6(itcansendandreceiveIPv6packets).AnIPv6nodecanbeanIPv6-onlynodeoranIPv6/IPv4node.
Forcoexistencetooccur,thelargestnumberofnodes(IPv4orIPv6nodes)cancommunicateusinganIPv4infrastructure,anIPv6infrastructure,oraninfrastructurethatisacombinationofIPv4andIPv6.TruemigrationisachievedwhenallIPv4nodesareconvertedtoIPv6-onlynodes.However,fortheforeseeablefuture,practicalmigrationisachievedwhenasmanyIPv4-onlynodesaspossibleareconvertedtoIPv6/IPv4nodes.IPv4-onlynodescancommunicatewithIPv6-onlynodesonlywhenusinganIPv4-to-IPv6proxyortranslationgateway.
CompatibilityAddresses
ThefollowingaddressesaredefinedtoaidinthecoexistenceofIPv4andIPv6nodes:
∙IPv4-compatibleaddresses
TheIPv4-compatibleaddress,0:
0:
w.x.y.zor:
:
w.x.y.z(wherew.x.y.zisthedotteddecimalrepresentationofapublicIPv4address),isusedbyIPv6/IPv4nodesthatarecommunicatingwithIPv6overanIPv4infrastructure.WhentheIPv4-compatibleaddressisusedasanIPv6destination,theIPv6trafficisautomaticallyencapsulatedwithanIPv4headerandsenttothedestinationusingtheIPv4infrastructure.
∙IPv4-mappedaddresses
TheIPv4-mappedaddress,0:
FFFF:
w.x.y.z,isusedtorepresentanIPv4-onlynodetoanIPv6node.Itisusedonlyforinternalrepresentation.TheIPv4-mappedaddressisneverusedasasourceordestinationaddressofanIPv6packet.TheIPv6protocolfortheWindows.NETServer2003familydoesnotsupporttheuseofIPv4-mappedaddresses.TheIPv4-mappedaddressisusedbysomeIPv6implementationswhenactingasatranslatorbetweenIPv4-onlyandIPv6-onlynodes.
∙6over4addresses
6over4addressesarecomprisedofavalid64-bitunicastaddressprefixandtheinterfaceidentifier:
WWXX:
YYZZ(whereWWXX:
YYZZisthecolon-hexadecimalrepresentationofw.x.y.z,aunicastIPv4addressassignedtoaninterface).Anexampleofalink-local6over4addressbasedontheIPv4addressof131.107.4.92isFE80:
836B:
45C.6over4addressesareusedtorepresentahostwhenusingtheautomatictunnelingmechanismdefinedinRFC2529.Formoreinformation,seeAppendixBinthisarticle.
∙6to4addresses
6to4addressesarebasedontheprefix2002:
YYZZ:
/48(whereWWXX:
YYZZisthecolon-hexadecimalrepresentationofw.x.y.z,apublicIPv4addressassignedtoaninterface).6to4addressesareusedtorepresentasitewhenusingtheautomatictunnelingmechanismdefinedinRFC3056,alsoknownas6to4.Formoreinformation,see“6to4”inthisarticle.
∙ISATAPaddresses
Intra-siteAutomaticTunnelAddressingProtocol(ISATAP)addressesarecomposedofavalid64-bitunicastaddressprefixandtheinterfaceidentifier:
5EFE:
w.x.y.z(wherew.x.y.zisaunicastIPv4addressassignedtoaninterface).Anexampleofalink-localISATAPaddressisFE80:
131.107.4.92.ISATAPaddressesareusedtorepresentahostwhenusingtheautomatictunnelingmechanismdefinedintheInternetdrafttitled"
Intra-SiteAutomaticTunnelAddressingProtocol(ISATAP)"
(draft-ietf-ngtrans-isatap-0x.txt).Formoreinformation,see“ISATAP”inthisarticle.
CoexistenceMechanisms
TocoexistwithanIPv4infrastructureandtoprovideeventualmigrationtoanIPv6-onlyinfrastructure,thefollowingmechanismsareused:
∙DualIPlayer
∙IPv6overIPv4tunneling
∙DNSinfrastructure
DualIPLayer
ThedualIPlayerisanimplementationoftheTCP/IPsuiteofprotocolsthatincludesbothanIPv4InternetlayerandanIPv6Internetlayer.ThisisthemechanismusedbyIPv6/IPv4nodessotha
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