山东省菏泽市届高三下学期联考二模英语试题附答案Word文档下载推荐.docx
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山东省菏泽市届高三下学期联考二模英语试题附答案Word文档下载推荐.docx
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sCommunityServiceProgrammeencouragesallLawrentianstoconnectwiththegreatercommunity,givingthemtheopportunitytoengagewithavarietyofpeopleoutsidethestudents'
immediateworld.
ModelUN
Studentswilllearntheinner-workingoftheUnitedNationsbyparticipatinginthisprogramme.Duringthefirstsemester,studentsmeetanddiscussimportantworldevents.Duringthesecondsemester,studentspreparetoparticipateintheModelUNConferences.
InvestmentProgramme
Theprogrammegivesstudentshands-onexperienceinthefinancialworld.Studentslearnthebasicsofinvesting,watchtrendsinthemarket,andresearchstocks.Duetoagenerousdonation,thegrouphas$5,000ofrealmoneytoinvest.Gamswillbeinvestedbackintotheprogramme.
FineArts&
Literature
Membersmeetweeklytoenjoyacommunityofindividualswhoappreciatethefineartsandliterature.Inthespring,theprogrammepublishesacollectionofartwork—photography,drawings,paintings,essays,shortstoriesandpoetry.Additionally,theprogrammehostsbookdiscussionsandfilmscreeningsthroughouttheyear.
1.What'
sthesharedgoalofalltheprogrammes?
A.Toimproveacademicskills.B.Toexperiencecommunitylife.
C.Todevelopoverallcompetence.D.Toencouragesocialinvolvement.
2.Whichprogrammeshouldyouchoosetodevelopgloballeadership?
A.ModelUN.B.CommunityService.
C.FineArtsLiterature.D.InvestmentProgramme.
3.WhatcanbeexpectedoftheInvestmentprogramme?
A.Itmakesaprofitforthoseparticipants.B.Itoffersadvancedmarketingknowledge.
C.Itlaysafoundationforfinancialmanagement.D.Itgivesaccesstosuccessfulbusinessmen.
【答案】1.C2.A3.C
B
SamMehr,apsychologistatHarvardstartedworkingontheprojectafterhekeptreadinganoverfamiliarlineatthetopofresearchpapersthatsaid,“musicisuniversal.”Buteverytimehecameacrossthestatement,therewasn'
tacitationtobackitup.
Toseeiftherewasanyprooftothisclaim,heandhisfellowresearcherscreatedtwodatabases:
onewithdescriptionsfromtheresearchersofwhathappenedwhenmusicfromthe1960swasplaying,andanotherof118audiorecordingsfrom86differentsocieties.
Hefoundthattherewerethreecharacteristicsofbehaviorthatconsistentlycharacterizedmusic:
formality,arousal(orhowcalmingorexcitingasongwas),andreligiosity—religiousrespect.
Peopledidadecentjobguessingthethemes,especiallyfordancesongsandnurseryrhymes,saysManvirSingh,aHarvardPh.D.studentinthedepartmentofhumanevolutionarybiology.
“Musicappearsinthishugediversityofbehavioral,social,emotionalcontextinhumansocieties,”Singhsays,“butitdoessosimilarlyacrosssocieties.”
“Themusicalbrainmayhaveledtothingsthatwetakeforgrantedinhumannature,likecompassionandempathy(同情与共情),becausemusicuniquelycanhelpusachievethosestates,”DanielLevitin,acognitivescientistwho'
sdonesimilarresearchonmusicandevolution,explains,“Nottomentionawe,appreciation,andgratitude.”
ForMehrandhisteam,thehuntfordataisjustthebeginning.Thelabisrunningmoredetailedquizzestodigintohowpeoplerespondtowhattheyhear.Theyalsohopetodostudiesondifferentpopulationslikebabiestoseehowtheyreacttotuneslikenurseryrhymesfromfarawaysocieties.
Singhsayshealsohopestoanalyzelyricsandthewaytheyshapepeople'
sfeelingsandactions,evenifit'
sinalanguagetheydon’tunderstand.‘‘Exploringthelyricsallowsustobetterunderstandhowmusiccanbringtheseemotionalorbehavioralresponses,”saysSingh,“butalso,inabroaderway,theworldviewofthepeoplewhoaresinging.”
4.What'
sthemainideaofthetext?
A.Musicshapespeople'
sworldviews.
B.Musicisuniversalacrosssocieties
C.Musicbehaviorsaredifferentincultures.
D.Thescientistshavedifferentopinionsonmusic.
5.Whichmusicbehavioralcharacteristicwillappearwhenrockmusicisplaying?
A.Gratitude.B.Formality.
C.Religiosity.D.Arousal.
6.WhatdoesDanielLevitinthinkofmusic?
A.Itplaysaroleinemotion.
B.Itcan'
tleadtoappreciation.
C.Itcanhelpusachievegoals.
D.Itisatalentwearebornwith.
7.Whatcanbeinferredfromthelasttwoparagraphs?
A.Morequizzeswillbeconducted
B.Differentpopulationswillbestudied.
C.Thehuntfordatahasalreadybeenfinished.
D.Furtherdatawaittobesought.
【答案】4.B5.D6.A7.D
C
Ifyouwatchnaturedocumentaries,it'
seasytocomeawaywiththeimpressionthatgrandtropicalforestshavebeenlargelyundisturbeduntilmoderntimes.However,inthelasttwodecades,scientificdatahaveshownthat,actually,humansocietieshaveoccupiedandchangedtheseenvironmentsovermanymillionyears.
PatrickRoberts,fromtheMaxPlanckInstitutefortheScienceofHumanHistory,sayssomeofthetreesaliveintropicalforestsareuptoathousandyearsold.Andthey'
resortofliketimecapsules,storingarecordofpasthumanactivityintheirtreerings,chemistryandDNA.Sohewantedtoseehowdifferentexistingmethodsmightcometogethertoexplorepasttreepopulations,treegrowth,treeagesbylookingatthelargestwitnessesofthechangesinhumanactivityinthetropics—thetreesthemselves.
Forexample,nativepeoplesoftheAmazonbasinplantedBrazilnutsforthousandsofyears.Roberts'
colleagueVictorCaetano-AndradeanalyzedtreeringstodeterminetheageandgrowthratesofBrazilnuttreesnearthecityofManaus.Hefoundthatmanytreeswereestablishedinthelate1600s,buttherewasasteepdrop-offinnewtreesaroundthemiddleofthe18thcentury.
AscolonialcommunitiescameintoManausanddevelopedthecity,theydrovethenativesout,oftenkillingthem.AndwhatVictorfoundisthat,actually,theirgrowthslowedafterthisperiodwithoutthesetraditionalmanagementstrategies.
Anotherexampleishowcommunitiesselectedforgeneticfeaturesinavarietyoftropicaltrees,suchasthecocoatree-used,ofcourse,tomakechocolate.Amoredetailedfullgenomeanalysisofthisplanthasshownthathumansmayhaveevenselectedgenesthatreducedbitternessandimproveditsresistancetodiseasefortheirowneconomicbenefit.
Robertssaysrecognizingtropicaltreesastimecapsulesofculturalheritagegivesusyetanotherreasontoprotectthem.“Notjustbecauseoftheirecologicalbenefits,whicharehugelysignificant,butalsotheinformationthattheystoreabouthumanhistory,aboutourpast.”
8.Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“timecapsules”inParagraph2referto?
A.Oldtrees.B.Humanhistory.
C.Humanactivities.D.Culturalheritage.
9.Whatcausedthegreatdecreaseofnuttreesinthemid-18thcentury?
A.Naturaldisasters.B.Colonialinvasions.
C.EcologicalbenefitsD.Naturalselection.
10.Howisthetextorganized?
A.Byprovidingexamples.B.Bymakingasummary.
C.BydrawingcomparisionsD.Byproducingaclassification.
11.Whatdoweknowfromthetext?
A.Tropicalforestsneedtraditionalmanagement.
B.Tropicalforestshavewitnessedhumanhistory.
C.Tropicalforestshavebeenprotectedforeconomicbenefits,
D.Tropicalforestshavebeenundisturbeduntilmoderntimes.
【答案】8.A9.B10.A11.B
D
Lastyear,ateamofbiologistsandcomputerscientistsfromTuftsUniversityandtheUniversityofVermont(UVM)creatednovel,self-healingbiologicalmachinescalledXenobots1.0.Measuringlessthan1mmlongandmadeupof500—1,000livingcells,itcouldmovearound,anddemonstratecooperativegroupactivitieswhilecollectingpilesofmicroparticles.
Theresearchteamhasnowcreatedanewgeneration—Xenobots2.0,whichmovefaster,andhavealongerlifethanthefirstedition,andtheystillhavetheabilitytoworktogetheringroupsandhealthemselvesifdamaged.
ThebiologiststookstemcellsfromembryosoftheAfricanfrogXenopus(hencethenameXenobots)andallowedthemtodevelopindependentlyandgrowintosmallballs,wheresomeofthecellsafterafewdaysbegantoproducecilia,tinyhair-likethingsstickingoutthatmovebackandforthorturnaroundinaspecificway,whichgivesthenewroundrobots“legs”tomovethemrapidlyacrossasurface.
“WewantXenobots2.0todousefulwork.Rightnow,we'
regivingthemsimpletaskssuchasgarbagecollectionintheblood,butultimately,we'
reaimingforanewkindoflivingtoolthatcould,forexample,cleanupmicroplasticsintheoceanorpollutantsinthesoil.”saidMichaelLevin,afamousprofessorofBiologyfromTuftsUniversity.
Itturnsout,thenewXenobots2.0aremuchfasterandbetterthanlastyear'
smodel.Theycanrecordinformationtoadjusttherobot'
sactionsandbehaviors,andtheycanalsorepairandrestorethemselvesiftheybecomedamaged.Healingisanaturalfeatureoflivingorganisms,anditisanewmodelsystemthatcanprovideafoundationforregenerativemedicine.
12.WhichadvantagedoestheXenobots2.0haveoverthefirstedition?
A.Itchangesfaster.B.Itperformsbetter.
C.Itbecomeslonger.D.Itevolvesmoreslowly.
13.WhatisParagraph3mainlyabout?
A.ThedefinitionofXenobots2.0.B.ThefunctionofXenobots2.0.
C.ThemovementofXenobots2.0.D.ThedevelopmentofXenobots2.0.
14.WhatcanXenobots2.0doatpresent?
A.Breakdownnutrients.B.Sweepoutpollutantsinthesoil.
C.Collectgarba
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