最新考研英语翻译练习题及答案Word文档格式.docx

最新考研英语翻译练习题及答案Word文档格式.docx

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Unit2

Thestandardizededucationalorpsychologicalteststhatarewidelyusedtoaidinselecting，classifying，assigning，orpromotingstudents，employees，andmilitarypersonnelhavebeenthetargetofrecentattacksinbooks，magazines，thedailypress，andeveninCongress.（71）Thetargetiswrong，forinattackingthetests，criticsdivertattentionfromthefaultthatlieswithillinformedorincompetentusers.Theteststhemselvesaremerelytools，withcharacteristicsthatcanbemeasuredwithreasonableprecisionunderspecifiedconditions.Whethertheresultswillbevaluable，meaningless，orevenmisleadingdependspartlyuponthetoolitselfbutlargelyupontheuser.

Allinformedpredictionsoffutureperformancearebaseduponsomeknowledgeofrelevantpastperformance:

schoolgrades，researchproductivity，salesrecords，orwhateverisappropriate.（72）Howwellthepredictionswillbevalidatedbylaterperformancedependsupontheamount，reliability，andappropriatenessoftheinformationusedandontheskillandwisdomwithwhichitisinterpreted.Anyonewhokeepscarefulscoreknowsthattheinformationavailableisalwaysincompleteandthatthepredictionsarealwayssubjecttoerror.

Standardizedtestsshouldbeconsideredinthiscontext.Theyprovideaquickobjectivemethodofgettingsomekindsofinformationaboutwhatapersonlearned，theskillshehasdeveloped，orthekindofpersonheis.Theinformationsoobtainedha，squalitatively，thesameadvantagesandshortcomingsasotherkindsofinformation.（73）Whethertousetes，tsotherkindsofinformation，orbothinaparticularsituationdepends，therefore，upontheevidencefromexperienceconcerningcomparativevalidityanduponsuchfactorsascostandavailability.

（74）Ingeneral，thetestsworkmosteffectivelywhenthequalitiestobemeasuredcanbemostpreciselydefinedandleasteffectivelywhenwhatistobemeasuredorpredicatedcannotbewelldefined.Properlyused，theyprovidearapidmeansofgettingcomparableinformationaboutmanypeople.Sometimestheyidentifystudentswhosehighpotentialhasnotbeenpreviouslyrecognized，buttherearemanythingstheydonotdo.（75）Forexample，theydonotcompensateforgrosssocialinequalit，yandthusdonottellhowableanunderprivilegedyoungstermighthavebeenhadhegrownupundermorefavorablecircumstances.

Unit1翻译题解：

71）Sciencemovesforward,theysay,notsomuchthroughtheinsightsofgreatmenofgeniusasbecauseofmoreordinarythingslikeimprovedtechniquesandtool.

句子分析：

第一、句子可以拆分为三段：

Sciencemovesforward,theysay,/notsomuchthroughtheinsightsofgreatmenofgenius/asbecauseofmoreordinarythingslikeimprovedtechniquesandtool.

第二、句子主干结构是：

notsomuchthrough...asbecauseof..与.其⋯⋯倒不如⋯⋯因为

notsomuch...as是个并列结构，也就是说so和as后面应该两个词的意思应该相同，所以多义介词through的意思应该等于

becauseof因为，由于。

第三、词的处理：

theinsightsofgreatmenofgenius是后面带定语的名词短语结构，后置定语的顺序应该在汉语翻译中应该倒过来，即从后往前翻译为：

天才伟人的真知灼见。

moreordinarythingslikeimprovedtechniquesandtool这是结构是介词like短语做定语修饰中心词

moreordinarythings，也是先翻译定语，再翻译中心词：

像改进了的技术和工具等更为普通的东西。

theysay插入语，按照汉语习惯，翻译时放在句首。

完整的译文：

71）他们说，科学的发展与其说源于天才伟人的真知灼见，不如说源于改进了的技术和工具等更为普通的东西。

72）Inshort,aleaderofthenewschoolcontends,thescientificrevolution,aswecallit,waslargelytheimprovementandinventionanduseofaseriesofinstrumentsthatexpandedthereachofscienceininnumerabledirection.

Inshort,aleaderofthenewschoolcontends,thescientificrevolution,aswecallit,/waslargelytheimprovementandinventionanduseofaseriesofinstruments/thatexpandedthereachofscienceininnumerabledirection.

1）系表结构：

thescientificrevolution...waslargely...

2）that引导的定语从句，先行词是theimprovementandinventionanduseofaseriesofinstruments

Inshort简而言之

theimprovementandinventionanduseofaseriesofinstruments词（性转换）一系列器具的改进、发明和使用

expandedthereachofscienceininnumerabledirection直译：

在难以计数的方向扩大了科学的范围

72）新学派的一位领袖人物坚持说：

简而言之，我们所谓的科学革命，主要是指一系列器具的改进、发明和使用，而这些改进、发明和使用使科学发展无所不及。

73）Overtheyears,toolsandtechnologythemselvesasasourceoffundamentalinnovationhavelargelybeenignoredbyhistoriansandphilosophersofscience.

第一、句子可以拆分为三段：

Overtheyears,toolsandtechnologythemselvesasasourceoffundamentalinnovation/havelargelybeenignored/byhistoriansandphilosophersofscience.

第二、句子主干结构是一个简单的被动语态句：

toolsandtechnology...havelargelybeenignoredby...主语部分有一个themselves反身代词asasourceoffundamentalinnovation介词短语做定语

Overtheyears多年来

philosophersofscience科学思想家们

73）工具和技术本身作为根本性创新的源泉多年来在很大程度上被历史学家和科学思想家们忽视了。

74）Galileo'

sgreatestglorsythwatin1609hewasthefirstpersontoturnthenewlyinventedtelescopeontheheavenstoprovethattheplanetsrevolvearoundthesunratherthanaroundtheearth.

Galileo'

sgreatestglorywas/thatin1609hewastfhirestpersontoturnthenewlyinventedtelescopeontheheavens/toprovethattheplanetsrevolvearoundthesunratherthanaroundtheearth.

1）系表结构Galileo'

sgreatestglorywasthat...

2）不定式短语作定语结构thefirstpersontoturn...

3）动词+宾语从句作目的状语toprovethat...

turnthenewlyinventedtelescopeontheheavens介（词on译成动词）把新发明的望远镜对准天空

ratherthan而不是

74）伽利略的最光辉业绩在于他在1609年第一个把新发明的望远镜对准天空，以证实行星是围绕太阳旋转而不是围绕地球旋转的

75）WhethertheGovernmentshouldincreasethefinancingofpurescienceattheexpenseoftechnologyorviceversaoftendependsontheissueofwhichisseenasthedrivingforce.

WhethertheGovernmentshouldincreasethefinancingofpurescienceattheexpenseoftechnologyorviceversa/oftendependsontheissue/ofwhichisseenasthedrivingforce.

1）表示选择意思的从句WhethertheGovernment...or..究.竟是⋯⋯还是⋯⋯作句子的主语，谓语和宾语是dependsontheissue

2）ofwhich是宾语theissue的定语从句。

increasethefinancingofpurescience增加对纯理论科学的经费投入

attheexpenseoftechnology减少对技术经费的投入

thedrivingforce动力，驱动力量

75）政府究竟是以减少对技术经费的投入来增加对纯理论科学的经费投入，还是相反，这往往取决于把哪一方看作是驱动力量。

Unit2翻译题解：

71）Thetargetiswrong,forinattackingthetests,criticsdivertattentionfromthefaultthatlieswithill-informedorincompetentusers.

Thetargetiswrong,forinattackingthetests,/criticsdivertattentionfromthefault/thatlieswithill-informedorincompetentusers.

简单句加for引导的原因状语。

后面的that引导的是定语从句。

Thetarget根据上下文，这里特指标准化测试

divertattentionfrom原义是把注意力引开，引申为没有注意到

lieswith在于

ill-informed不甚了解

incompetentusers词（性转换）使用不当

71）把标准化测试作为抨击的目标是错误的，因为在抨击这类测试时，批评者没有注意到测试的弊病在于使用测试的人对测试不甚了解或使用不当。

72）Howwellthepredictionswillbevalidatedbylaterperformancedependsupontheamount,reliability,andappropriatenessoftheinformationusedandontheskillandwisdomwithwhichitisinterpreted句子分析：

Howwellthepredictionswillbevalidatedbylaterperformance/dependsupontheamount,reliability,andappropriatenessoftheinformationusedandontheskillandwisdom/withwhichitisinterpreted

1）Howwell...引导的被动结构是主语从句，Howwell是主语从句中的状语前置，depends是句子谓语

2）depends后面两个介词短语作并列宾语upon...andon...

3）theinformationused是名词+定语

4）withwhichitisinterpreted定语从句，先行词是theskillandwisdom，代词it指代theinformation

bevalidatedby为⋯⋯所证实dependsupon取决于reliability可靠性appropriateness适应性interpreted解释完整的译文：

72）这些测试在多大程度上为后来的表现所证实，这取决于所采用信息的数量、可靠性和适应性，以及解释这些信息的技能和才智。

73）Whethertousetests,otherkindsofinformation,orbothinaparticularsituationdepends,therefore,upontheevidencefromexperienceconcerningcomparativevalidityanduponsuchfactorsascostandavailability.

Whethertousetests,otherkindsofinformation,orbothinaparticularsituation/depends,therefore,upon