船舶与海洋工程专业英语pdf.docx
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船舶与海洋工程专业英语pdf.docx
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船舶与海洋工程专业英语pdf
船舶与海洋工程专业英语.pdf
LessonOne
TheNavalArchitect
Anavalarchitectaskedtodesignashipmayreceivehisinstructionsinaformrangingfromsuchsimplerequirementsas“anoiltankertocarry100000tonsdeadweightat15knots”toafullydetailedspecificationofpreciselyplannedrequirements.Heisusuallyrequiredtoprepareadesignforavesselthatmustcarryacertainweightofcargo(ornumberofpassengers)ataspecifiedspeedwithparticularreferencetotraderequirement;high-densitycargoes,suchasmachinery,requirelittleholdcapacity,whilethereverseistrueforlow-densitycargoes,suchasgrain.
Deadweightisdefinedasweightofcargoplusfuelandconsumablestores,andlightweightastheweightofthehull,includingmachineryandequipment.Thedesignermustchoosedimensionssuchthatthedisplacementofthevesselisequaltothesumofthedeadweightandthelightweighttonnages.Thefinenessofthehullmustbeappropriatetothespeed.Thedraft------whichisgovernedbyfreeboardrules------enablesthedepthtobedeterminedtoafirstapproximation.
Afterselectingtentativevaluesoflength,breadth,depth,draft,anddisplacement,thedesignermustachieveaweightbalance.Hemustalsoselectamomentbalancebecausecentresofgravityinbothlongitudinalandverticaldirectionsmustprovidesatisfactorytrimandstability.Additionally,hemustestimatetheshafthorsepowerrequiredforthespecifiedspeed;thisdeterminestheweightofmachinery.Thestrengthofthehullmustbeadequatefortheserviceintended,detailedscantlings(framedimensionsandplatethicknesses)canbeobtainedfromtherulesoftheclassificationsociety.Thesescantingsdeterminetherequisiteweightofhullsteel.
Thevesselshouldpossesssatisfactorysteeringcharacteristics,freedomfromtroublesomevibration,andshouldcomplywiththemanyvariedrequirementsofinternationalregulations.Possessinganattractiveappearance,theshipshouldhavetheminimumnetregistertonnage,thefactoronwhichharbourandotherduesarebased.(Thegrosstonnagerepresentsthevolumeofallclosed-inspacesabovetheinnerbottom.Thenettonnageisthegrosstonnageminuscertaindeductiblespacesthatdonotproducerevenue.Nettonnagecanthereforeberegardedasameasureoftheearningcapacityoftheship,henceitsuseasabasisfor
thedesign,construction,andoperationofships;andthefourth,andperhapsmostimportant,isanaptitudefortacklingnewtechnicalproblemsandofdevisingpracticalsolutions.
Theprofessionaltrainingofnavalarchitectsdifferswidelyinthevariousmaritimecountries.Unimanyuniversitiesandpolytechnicschools;suchacademictrainingmustbesupplementedbypracticalexperienceinashipyard.
Trendsindesign
Theintroductionofcalculatingmachinesandcomputershasfacilitatedthecomplexcalculationsrequiredin
navalarchitectureandhasalsointroducednewconceptsindesign.Therearemanycombinationsoflength,breadth,anddraftthatwillgivearequireddisplacement.Electroniccomputersmakeitpossibletoprepareseriesofdesignsforavesseltooperateinaparticularserviceandtoassesstheeconomicreturnstotheshipownerforeachseparatedesign.Suchaprocedureisbestcarriedoutasajointexercisebyownerandbuilder.Asshipsincreaseinsizeandcost,suchcombinedtechnicalandeconomicstudiescanbeexpectedtobecomemorecommon.
(From“EncyclopediaBritannica”,Vol.16,1980)
Technicalterms
1.
navalarchitect造船工程(设计)师
32.
scantling结构(件)尺寸
navalarchitecture造船(工程)学
33.
frame肋骨
2.
instruction任务书、指导书
34.
classificationsociety船级社
3.
oiltanker油轮
35.
steering操舵、驾驶
4.
deadweight载重量
36.
vibration振动
5.
knot节
37.
netregistertonnage净登记吨位
6.
specification规格书,设计任务书
38.
harbour港口
7.
vessel船舶
39.
dues税收
8.
cargo货物
40.
grosstonnage总吨位
9.
passenger旅客
41.
deductiblespace扣除空间
10.
trade贸易
42.
revenue收入
11.
machinery机械、机器
43.
docking进坞
12.
holdcapacity舱容
44.
charge费用、电荷
13.
consumablestore消耗物品
45.
bulkhead舱壁
14.
lightweight轻载重量、空船重量
46.
subdivision分舱(隔)、细分
15.
hull船体
47.
collision碰撞
16.
dimension尺度、量纲、维(数)
48.
compromise折衷、调和
17.
displacement排水量、位移、置换
49.
coefficient
系数
18.
tonnage
吨位
50.
training培训
19.
fineness
纤瘦度
51.
fluidmechanics流体力学
20.
draft吃水
52.
structuralstrength结构强度
21.
breadth
船宽
53.
resistance
阻力
22.
freeboard干舷
54.
propulsion
推进
23.
rule规范
55.
shipbuilding造船
24.
tentative试用(暂行)的
56.
aptitude(特殊)才能,适应性
25.
longitudinaldirection纵向
57.
maritime航运,海运
26.
verticaldirection垂向
58.
polytechnicalschool工艺(科技)学校
27.
trim纵倾
59.
academic学术的
28.
stability
稳性
60.
shipyard造船厂
29.
shafthorsepower轴马力
61.
electroniccomputer电子计算机
30.
strength
强度
62.
owner船主,物主
31.
service
航区、服务
63.
encyclop(a)edia百科全书
AdditionalTermsandExpressions
Engineers(SNAME)美国造船师与轮机
1.
theChineseSocietyofNavalArchitecture
工程师协会
andMarineEngineering(CSNAME)中
10.
Principleofnavalarchitecture造船原理
国造船工程学会
11.
shipstatics(orstaticsofnaval
2.
theChineseSocietyofNavigation中国航
architecture)造船静力学
海学会
12.
shipdynamics船舶动力学
3.
“ShipbuildingofChina”中国造船
13.
shipresistanceandpropulsion船舶阻力
4.
ShipEngineering船舶工程
和推进
5.
“Naval安定MerchantShips”舰船知
14.
shiprollingandpitching船舶摇摆
识
15.
shipmanoeuvrability船舶操纵性
6.
ChinaStateShipbuildingCorporation
16.
shipconstruction船舶结构
(CSSC)中国船舶工业总公司
17.
shipstructuralmechanics船舶结构力学
7.
ChinaoffshorePlatformEngineering
18.
shipstrengthandstructuraldesign船舶
Corporation(COPECO)中国海洋石油
强度和结构设计
平台工程公司
19.
shipdesign船舶设计
8.
RoyalInstitutionofNavalArchitects
20.
shipbuildingtechnology造船工艺
(RINA)英国皇家造船工程师学会
21.
marine(orocean)engineering海洋工程
9.
SocietyofNavalArchitectsandMarine
NotetotheText
1.rangefromAtoB的意思为“从A到B的范围内”,翻译时,根据这个基本意思可以按汉语习惯译成中文。
例:
Lathesizesrangefromverylittlelatheswiththelengthofthebedinseveralinchestoverylargeonesturningaworkmanyfeetinlength.
车床有大有小,小的车床其车身只有几英寸,大的车床能车削数英尺长的工件。
2.Suchthat可以认为是suchakind/value等的缩写,意思为“这样的类别/值等……以至于……”。
译成
中文是,可根据具体情况加以意译。
例:
Thedepthofthechainlockerissuchthatthecableiseasilystowed.
锚链舱的深度应该使锚链容易存储。
Possessinganattractiveappearance,theshipshouldhavetheminimumnetregistertonnage,thefactoronwhichharbourandoyherduesarebased.
Possessinganattractiveappearance现在分词短语,用作表示条件的状语,意译成“船舶除有一个漂亮的外形……”。
一般说,如分词短语谓语句首,通常表示时间、条件、原因等。
Thefactoronwhich…arebased中的thefactor是前面theminimumnetregistertonnage的铜谓语,而onwhich…arebased是定语从句,修饰thefactor。
4.Electroniccomputersmakeitpossibletoprepareseriesiddesignsforavesseltooperateinaparticularserviceandtoassesstheeconomicreturnstotheshipownerforeachseparatedesign.
句中的it是形式宾语,实际宾语为不定式短语toprepareseriesofdesigns…和toassesstheeconomicreturns…
LessonTwo
Definitions,PrincipalDimensions
Beforestudyingindetailthevarioustechnicalbranchesofnavalarchitectureitisimportanttodefinechapters.Thepurposeofthischapteristoexplainthesetermsandtofamiliarisethereaderwiththem.Inthefirstplacethedimensionsbywhichthesizeofashipismeasuredwillbeconsidered;theyarereferredtoas‘principaldimensions’.Theship,likeanysolidbody,requiresthreedimensionstodefineitssize,andthesearealength,abreadthandadepth.Eachofthesewillbeconsideredinturn.
Principaldimensions
Length
Therearevariouswaysofdefiningthelengthofaship,butfirstthelengthbetweenperpendicularswillbeconsidered.Thelengthbetweenperpendicularsisthedistancemeasuredparalleltothebaseatthelevelofthesummerloadwaterlinefromtheafterperpendiculartotheforwardperpendicular.Theafterperpendicularistakenastheaftersideoftherudderpostwherethereissuchapost,andtheforwardperpendicularistheverticallinedrawnthroughtheintersectionofthestemwithsummerloadwaterline.Inshipswherethereisnorudderposttheafterperpendicularistakenasthelinepassingthroughthecentrelineoftherudderpintals.TheperpendicularsandthelengthbetweenperpendicularsareshowninFigure1.
Thelengthbetweenperpendiculars(LBP)isusedforcalculationpurposesaswillbeseenlater,butitwillbeobviousfromFigure1thatthisdoesnotrepresentthegreatestlengthoftheship.Formanypurposes,suchasthedockingofaship,itisnecessarytoknowwhatthegreatestlengthoftheshipis.Thislengthisknownasthelengthoftheextremepointattheafterendtoasimilarpointattheforwardend.ThiscanbeclearlyseenbyreferringagaintoFigure1.Inmostshipsthelengthoverallwillexceedbyaconsiderableamountthelengthbetweenperpendiculars.Theexcesswillincludetheoverhangofthesternandalsothatofthestemwherethestemisrakedforward.InmodernshipshavinglargebulbousbowsthelengthoverallLOAmayhavetobemeasuredtotheextremepointofthebulb.
Athirdlengthwhichisoftenused,particularlywhendealingwithshipresistance,isthelengthonthewaterlineLWL.Thisisthedistancemeasuredonthewaterlineatwhichtheshipisfloatingfromtheintersectionofthesternwiththewaterlinetothelengthisnotafixedquantityforaparticularship,asitwilldependuponthewaterlineatwhichtheshipisfloatinganduponthetrimoftheship.ThislengthisalsoshowninFigure1.
Breadth
Themidpointofthelengthbetweenperpendicularsiscalled‘amidships’andtheshipisusuallybroadestatthispoint.Thebreadthismeasuredatthispositionandthe
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