经济学原理对应练习 10Word格式文档下载.docx
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Applicative
2.Intheabsenceofexternalities,the"
invisiblehand"
leadsamarkettomaximize
a.producerprofitfromthatmarket.
b.totalbenefittosocietyfromthatmarket.
c.bothequityandefficiencyinthatmarket.
d.outputofgoodsorservicesinthatmarket.
BPTS:
3.Oneadvantagemarketeconomieshaveoverothertypesofeconomiesisthatmarketeconomies
a.provideanequaldistributionofgoodsandservicestoconsumers.
b.establishgovernmenteconomiccontrol.
c.solvetheproblemofscarcity.
d.aremoreefficient.
DPTS:
4.Thetermmarketfailurerefersto
a.amarketthatfailstoallocateresourcesefficiently.
b.anunsuccessfuladvertisingcampaignwhichreducesdemand.
c.ruthlesscompetitionamongfirms.
d.afirmthatisforcedoutofbusinessbecauseoflosses.
APTS:
Definitional
5.Marketfailurecanbecausedby
a.toomuchcompetition.
b.externalities.
c.lowconsumerdemand.
d.scarcity.
Interpretive
6.Anexternalityistheimpactof
a.society'
sdecisionsonthewell-beingofsociety.
b.aperson'
sactionsonthatperson'
swell-being.
c.oneperson'
sactionsonthewell-beingofabystander.
d.society'
sdecisionsonthepoorestpersoninthesociety.
7.Theimpactofoneperson'
sactionsonthewell-beingofabystanderiscalled
a.aneconomicdilemma.
b.deadweightloss.
c.amulti-partyproblem.
d.anexternality.
8.Anexternality
a.isatypeofmarketfailure.
b.causesmarketstoallocateresourcesefficiently.
c.strengthenstheroleofthe“invisiblehand”inthemarketplace.
d.affectsproducersbutnotconsumers.
9.Dogownersdonotbearthefullcostofthenoisetheirbarkingdogscreateandoftentaketoofewprecautionstopreventtheirdogsfrombarking.Localgovernmentsaddressthisproblemby
a.makingitillegalto"
disturbthepeace."
b.havingawell-fundedanimalcontroldepartment.
c.subsidizinglocalanimalshelters.
d.encouragingpeopletoadoptcats.
10.Anexternalityis
a.thecoststhatpartiesincurintheprocessofagreeingandfollowingthroughonabargain.
b.theuncompensatedimpactofoneperson'
c.thepropositionthatprivatepartiescanbargainwithoutcostovertheallocationofresources.
d.amarketequilibriumtax.
11.Anexternalityisanexampleof
a.acorrectivetax.
b.atradablepollutionpermit.
c.amarketfailure.
d.Bothaandbarecorrect.
12.Anexternalityexistswhenever
a.theeconomycanbenefitfromgovernmentintervention.
b.marketsarenotabletoreachequilibrium.
c.afirmsellsitsproductinaforeignmarket.
d.apersonengagesinanactivitythatinfluencesthewell-beingofabystanderandyetneitherpaysnorreceivespaymentforthateffect.
2REF:
13.Whenexternalitiesarepresentinamarket,thewell-beingofmarketparticipants
a.andmarketbystandersarebothdirectlyaffected.
b.andmarketbystandersarebothindirectlyaffected.
c.isdirectlyaffected,andmarketbystandersareindirectlyaffected.
d.isindirectlyaffected,andmarketbystandersaredirectlyaffected.
Analytical
14.Whichofthefollowingstatementsaboutawell-maintainedyardbestconveysthegeneralnatureoftheexternality?
a.Awell-maintainedyardconveysapositiveexternalitybecauseitincreasesthehome'
smarketvalue.
b.Awell-maintainedyardconveysanegativeexternalitybecauseitincreasesthepropertytaxliabilityoftheowner.
c.Awell-maintainedyardconveysapositiveexternalitybecauseitincreasesthevalueofadjacentpropertiesintheneighborhood.
d.Awell-maintainedyardcannotprovideanytypeofexternality.
15.Sincerestoredhistoricbuildingsconveyapositiveexternality,localgovernmentsmaychooseto
a.regulationthedemolitionofthem.
b.providetaxbreakstoownerswhorestorethem.
c.increasepropertytaxesinhistoricareas.
16.Externalities
a.causemarketstofailtoallocateresourcesefficiently.
b.causeequilibriumpricestobetoohigh.
c.benefitproducersattheexpenseofconsumers.
d.causeequilibriumpricestobetoolow.
17.Whenexternalitiesexist,buyersandsellers
a.neglecttheexternaleffectsoftheiractions,butthemarketequilibriumisstillefficient.
b.donotneglecttheexternaleffectsoftheiractions,andthemarketequilibriumisefficient.
c.neglecttheexternaleffectsoftheiractions,andthemarketequilibriumisnotefficient.
d.donotneglecttheexternaleffectsoftheiractions,andthemarketequilibriumisnotefficient.
18.Dioxinemissionthatresultsfromtheproductionofpaperisagoodexampleofanegativeexternalitybecause
a.self-interestedpaperfirmsaregenerallyunawareofenvironmentalregulations.
b.therearefinesforproducingtoomuchdioxin.
c.self-interestedpaperproducerswillnotconsiderthefullcostofthedioxinpollutiontheycreate.
d.toxicemissionsarethebestexampleofanexternality.
19.Ifapapermanufacturerdoesnotbeartheentirecostofthedioxinitemits,itwill
a.emitalowerlevelofdioxinthanissociallyefficient.
b.emitahigherlevelofdioxinthanissociallyefficient.
c.emitanacceptablelevelofdioxin.
d.notemitanydioxininanattempttoavoidpayingtheentirecost.
20.OneoftheTenPrinciplesofEconomicsisthat"
marketsareusuallyagoodwaytoorganizemarketbehavior."
Thisstatementdoesnotimplywhichofthefollowing?
a.Somemarketsproducenegativeexternalities.
b.Theinvisiblehandofthemarketplacedoesnotalwaysleadbuyersandsellerstomaximizetotalbenefittosociety.
c.Somemarketsarecharacterizedbymarketfailure.
d.Othertypesofeconomiesaremoreefficientthanmarketeconomies.
21.Whichofthefollowingisanexampleofanexternality?
a.cigarettesmokethatpermeatesanentirerestaurant
b.aflushotthatpreventsastudentfromtransmittingthevirustoherroommate
c.abeautifulflowergardenoutsideofthelocalpostoffice
d.Alloftheabovearecorrect.
22.Whichofthefollowingstatementsisnotcorrect?
a.Governmentpoliciesmayimprovethemarket'
sallocationofresourceswhennegativeexternalitiesarepresent.
b.Governmentpoliciesmayimprovethemarket'
sallocationofresourceswhenpositiveexternalitiesarepresent.
c.Apositiveexternalityisanexampleofamarketfailure.
d.Withoutgovernmentintervention,themarketwilltendtoundersupplyproductsthatproducenegativeexternalities.
23.Whichofthefollowingrepresentsawaythatagovernmentcanhelptheprivatemarkettointernalizeanexternality?
a.taxinggoodsthathavenegativeexternalities
b.subsidizinggoodsthathavepositiveexternalities
c.Thegovernmentcannotimproveupontheoutcomesofprivatemarkets.
24.Whenexternalitiesarepresentinamarket,
a.themarketequilibriummaximizesthetotalbenefittosocietyasawhole.
b.participantslosesomemarketbenefitstobystanders.
c.firmsproducetoomuchoutput.
d.themarketfailstoallocateresourcesefficiently.
10-0|10-1
25.Ifanexternalityispresentinamarket,economicefficiencymaybeenhancedby
a.increasedcompetition.
b.weakeningpropertyrights.
c.betterinformedmarketparticipants.
d.governmentintervention.
10-1
26.Ifasawmillcreatestoomuchnoiseforlocalresidents,
a.noiserestrictionswillforceresidentstomoveoutofthearea.
b.asenseofsocialresponsibilitywillcauseownersofthemilltoreducenoiselevels.
c.thegovernmentcanraiseeconomicwell-beingthroughnoise-controlregulations.
d.thegovernmentshouldavoidinterveningbecausethemarketwillallocateresourcesefficiently.
27.Privatemarketsfailtoaccountforexternalitiesbecause
a.externalitiesdon'
tocc
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