有关单片机at89c51中英文翻译Word文档格式.docx

有关单片机at89c51中英文翻译Word文档格式.docx

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温石宝

专业：

测控技术与仪器0602班

指导教师：

沈怀洋

TheAT89C51isalow-power,high-performanceCMOS8-bitmicrocomputerwith4KbytesofFlashprogrammableanderasablereadonlymemory（PEROM）and128bytesofdatarandom-accessmemory（RAM）.ThedeviceismanufacturedusingATMELCo.’shigh-densitynonvolatilememorytechnologyandiscompatiblewiththeindustry-standardMCS-51instructionsetandpin-out.Theon-chipFlashallowstheprogrammemorytobereprogrammedin-systemorbyaconventionalnonvolatilememoryprogrammer.Bycombiningaversatile8-bitCPUwithFlashonamonolithicchip,theATMELCo.’sAT89C51isapowerfulmicrocomputerwhichprovidesahighly-flexibleandcost-effectivesolutiontomanyembeddedcontrolapplications.

Features:

·

CompatiblewithinstructionsetofMCS-51products

4Kbytesofin-systemreprogrammableFlashmemory

Endurance:

1000write/erasecycles

Fullystaticoperation:

0Hzto24MHz

Three-levelprogrammemorylock

128×

8-bitinternalRAM

32programmableI/Olines

Two16-bitTimer/Counters

Sixinterruptsource

Programmableserialchannel

Low-poweridleandPower-downmodes

FunctionCharacteristicDescription:

TheAT89C51providesthefollowingstandardfeatures:

4KbytesofFlashmemory,128bytesofRAM,32I/Olines,two16-bittimer/counters,afivevectortwo-levelinterruptarchitecture,afullduplexserialport,on-chiposcillatorandclockcircuitry.Inaddition,theAT89C51isdesignedwithstaticlogicforoperationdowntozerofrequencyandsupportstwosoftwareselectablepowersavingmodes.TheIdleModestopstheCPUwhileallowingtheRAM,timer/counters,serialportandinterruptsystemtocontinuefunctioning.ThePower-downModesavestheRAMcontentsbutfreezestheoscillatordisablingallotherchipfunctionsuntilthenexthardwarereset.

PinDescription:

VCC:

Supplyvoltage

GND:

Ground

Port0:

Port0isan8-bitopen-drainbi-directionalI/Oport.Asanoutputport,eachpincansinkeightTTLinputs.When1sarewrittentoport0pins,thepinscanbeusedashighimpedanceinputs.

Port0mayalsobeconfiguredtobethemultiplexedloworderaddress/busduringaccessestoexternalprogramanddatamemory.InthismodeP0hasinternalpullups.

Port0alsoreceivesthecodebytesduringFlashprogramming,andoutputsthecodebytesduringprogramverification.Externalpullupsarerequiredduringprogramverification.

Port1:

Port1isan8-bitbidirectionalI/Oportwithinternalpullups.ThePort1outputbufferscansink/sourcefourTTLinputs.When1sarewrittentoPort1pinstheyarepulledhighbytheinternalpullupsandcanbeusedasinputs.Asinputs,Port1pinsthatareexternallybeingpulledlowwillsourcecurrent（IIL）becauseoftheinternalpullups.

Port1alsoreceivesthelow-orderaddressbytesduringFlashprogrammingandverification.

Port2:

Port2isan8-bitbi-directionalI/Oportwithinternalpullups.ThePort2outputbufferscansink/sourcefourTTLinputs.When1sarewrittentoPort2pinstheyarepulledhighbytheinternalpullupsandcanbeusedasinputs.Asinputs,Port2pinsthatareexternallybeingpulledlowwillsourcecurrent（IIL）becauseoftheinternalpullups.

Port2emitsthehigh-orderaddressbyteduringfetchesfromexternalprogrammemoryandduringaccessestoexternaldatamemorywhichuses16-bitaddresses（MOVX@DPTR）.Inthisapplication,itusesstronginternalpullupswhenemitting1s.Duringaccessestoexternaldatamemorywhichuses8-bitaddresses（MOVX@RI）.Port2emitsthecontentsoftheP2SpecialFunctionRegister.

Port2alsoreceivesthehigh-orderaddressbitsandsomecontrolsignalsduringFlashprogrammingandverification.

Port3:

Port3isan8-bitbi-directionalI/Oportwithinternalpullups.ThePort3outputbufferscansink/sourcefourTTLinputs.When1sarewrittentoPort3pinstheyarepulledhighbytheinternalpullupsandcanbeusedasinputs.Asinputs,Port3pinsthatareexternallybeingpulledlowwillsourcecurrent（IIL）becauseofthepullups.

Port3alsoreceivessomecontrolsignalsforFlashprogrammingandverification.

RST:

Resetinput.Ahighonthispinfortwomachinecycleswhiletheoscillatorisrunningresetsthedevice.

ALE/

:

AddressLatchEnableoutputpulseforlatchingthelowbyteoftheaddressduringaccessestoexternalmemory.Thispinisalsotheprogrampulseinput（

）duringFlashprogramming.InnormaloperationALEisemittedataconstantrateof1/6theoscillatorfrequency,andmaybeusedforexternaltimingorclockingpurposes.Note,however,thatoneALEpulseisskippedduringeachaccesstoexternalDataMemory.

Ifdesired,ALEoperationcanbedisabledbysettingbit0ofSFRlocation8EH.Withthebitset,ALEisactiveonlyduringaMOVXorMOVCinstruction.Otherwise,thepinisweaklypulledhigh.SettingtheALE-disablebithasnoeffectifthemicrocontrollerisinexternalexecutionmode.

：

ProgramStoreEnableisthereadstrobetoexternalprogrammemory.WhentheAT89C51isexecutingcodefromexternalprogrammemory,

isactivatedtwiceeachmachinecycle,exceptthattwo

activationsareskippedduringeachaccesstoexternaldatamemory.

EA/VPP：

ExternalAccessEnable.EAmustbestrappedtoGNDinordertoenablethedevicetofetchcodefromexternalprogrammemorylocationsstartingat0000HuptoFFFFH.Note,however,thatiflockbit1isprogrammed,EAwillbeinternallylatchedonreset.EAshouldbestrappedtoVCCforinternalprogramexecutions.

Thispinalsoreceivesthe12-voltprogrammingenablevoltage（VPP）duringFlashprogramming,forpartsthatrequire12-voltVPP.

XTAL1：

Inputtotheinvertingoscillatoramplifierandinputtotheinternalclockoperatingcircuit.

XTAL2：

Outputfromtheinvertingoscillatoramplifier.

Ready/

TheprogressofbyteprogrammingcanalsobemonitoredbytheRDY/

outputsignal.P3.4ispulledlowafterALEgoeshighduringprogrammingtoindicateBUSY.P3.4ispulledhighagainwhenprogrammingisdonetoindicateREADY.

OscillatorCharacteristics：

XTAL1andXTAL2aretheinputandoutput,respectively,ofaninvertingamplifierwhichcanbeconfiguredforuseasanon-chiposcillator.Eitheraquartzcrystalorceramicresonatormaybeused.

Todrivethedevicefromanexternalclocksource,XTAL2shouldbeleftunconnectedwhileXTAL1isdriven.

Therearenorequirementsonthedutycycleoftheexternalclocksignal,sincetheinputtotheinternalclockingcircuitryisthroughadividebytwofliptrigger,butminimumandmaximumvoltagehighandlowtimespecificationsmustbeobserved.

IdleMode：

Inidlemode,theCPUputsitselftosleepwhilealltheon-chipperipheralsremainactive.Themodeisinvokedbysoftware.Thecontentoftheon-chipRAMandallthespecialfunctionsregistersremainunchangedduringthismode.Theidlemodecanbeterminatedbyanyenabledinterruptorbyahardwarereset.

Itshouldbenotedthatwhenidleisterminatedbyahardwarereset,thedevicenormallyresumesprogramexecution,fromwhereitleftoff,uptotwomachinecyclesbeforetheinternalresetalgorithmtakescontrol.On-chiphardwareinhibitsaccesstointernalRAMinthisevent,butaccesstotheportpinsisnotinhibited.ToeliminatethepossibilityofanunexpectedwritetoaportpinwhenIdleisterminatedbyreset,theinstructionfollowingtheonethatinvokesIdleshouldnotbeonethatwritestoaportpinortoexternalmemory.

Power-downMode:

Inthepower-downmode,theoscillatorisstopped,andtheinstructionthatinvokespower-downisthelastinstructionexecuted.Theon-chipRAMandspecialfunctionregistersretaintheirvaluesuntilthepower-downmodeisterminated.Theonlyexitfrompower-downisahardwarereset.Resetredefinesthespecialfunctionregistersbutdoesnotchangetheon-chipRAM.TheresetshouldnotbeactivatedbeforeVCCisrestoredtoitsnormaloperatinglevelandmustbeheldactivelongenoughtoallowtheoscillatortorestartandstabilize.

ProgramMemoryLockBits:

Whenlockbit1isprogrammed,thelogiclevelattheEApinissampledandlatchedduringreset.Ifthedeviceispoweredupwithoutareset,thelatchinitializestoarandomvalue,andholdsthatvalueuntilresetisactivated.ItisnecessarythatthelatchedvalueofEAbeinagreementwiththecurrentlogiclevelatthatpininorderforthedevicetofunctionproperly.

ProgrammingtheFlash:

TheAT89C51isnormallyshippedwiththeon-chipFlashmemoryarrayintheerasedstate（thatis,contents=FFH）andreadytobeprogrammed.Theprogramminginterfaceacceptseitherahigh-voltage（12-volt）oralow-voltage（VCC）programenablesignal.Thelow-voltageprogrammingmodeprovidesaconvenientwaytoprogramtheAT89C51insidetheuser’ssystem,whilethehigh-voltageprogrammingmodeiscompatiblewithconventionalthirdpartyFlashorEPROMprogrammers.TheAT89C51isshippedwitheitherthehigh-voltageorlow-voltageprogrammingmodeenabled.

TheAT89C51codememoryarrayisprogrammedbyte-by-byteineitherprogrammingmode.Toprogramanynonblankbyteintheon-chipFlashmemory,theentirememorymustbeerasedusingthechiperasemode.

ProgrammingAlgorithm:

BeforeprogrammingtheAT89C51,theaddress,dataandcontrolsignalsshouldbesetupaccordingtotheFlashprogrammingmodetable.ToprogramtheAT89C51,takethefollowingsteps:

1.Inputthedesiredmemorylocationontheaddresslines.

2.Inputtheappropriatedatabyteonthedatalines.

3.Activatethecorrectcombinationofcontrolsignals.

4.RaiseEA/VPPto12Vforthehigh-voltageprogrammingmode.

5.PulseALE/

oncetoprogramabyt