阅读三篇Word文件下载.docx

阅读三篇Word文件下载.docx

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Employeeswhoreceiveunfavorableevaluationsmustalsobegivenattention.Supervisorsmust38thereasonsforpoorperformance.Somereasons,suchasafamilyillness,mayhaveatemporaryadverse39onperformanceandcanbecorrected.Otherreasons,suchasabadattitude,maynotbetemporary.Whensupervisorsgiveemployeesanunfavorableevaluation,theymustdecidewhethertotakeany40actions.Iftheemployeeswereunawareoftheirowndeficiencies,theunfavorableevaluationcanpinpoint（指出）thedeficienciesthatemployeesmustcorrect.Inthiscase,thesupervisormaysimplyneedtomonitortheemployees41andensurethatthedeficienciesarecorrected.

Iftheemployeeswerealreadyawareoftheirdeficienciesbeforetheevaluationperiod,however,theymaybeunableorunwillingtocorrectthem.Thissituationismoreserious,andthesupervisormayneedtotakeaction.Theactionshouldbe42withthefirm’sguidelinesandmayincludereassigningtheemployeestonewjobs,43themtemporarily,orfiringthem.Asupervisor’sactiontowardapoorlyperformingworkercan44theattitudesofotheremployees.Ifno45isimposedonanemployeeforpoorperformance,otheremployeesmayreactbyreducingtheirproductivityaswell.

注意：

此部分题请在答题卡2上作答。

A）additional

B）affect

C）aptly

D）assimilate

H）circulation

F）closely

G）consistent

H）enthusiasm

I）identify

J）impact

K）penalty

L）reward

M）simplifying

N）suspending

O）vulnerable

SectionB：

TheCollegeEssay:

WhyThose500WordsDriveUsCrazy

A）Megisalawyer-mominsuburbanWashington,D.C.,wherelawyer-momsarethickontheground.HersonDougisoneofseveralhundredthousandhigh-schoolseniorswhohadapainfulfall.ThedeadlineforapplyingtohisfavoritecollegewasNov.1,andbyearlyOctoberhehadyettofillouttheapplication.Moretothepoint,hehadyettosettleonasubjectforthepersonalessayaccompanyingtheapplication.Accordingtocollegefolklore,awell-turnedessayhasthepowertoseduce（诱惑）anadmissionscommittee.“Hewantedtodoonethingatatime,”Megsays,explainingherson’sdelay.“Butreally,mysonisahugeprocrastinator（拖延者）.Theessayisthehardestthingtodo,sohe’sputitoffthelongest.”FriendsandotherveteransoftheprocesshavewarnedMegthatthebackandforthbetweeneditingparentandwritingstudentcanbetraumatic（痛苦的）.

B）Backinthegoodolddays—say,twoyearsago,whenthelastofmychildrensufferedtheordeal（折磨）—ahigh-schoolstudentapplyingtocollegecouldprocrastinateallthewaytoNewYear’sDayoftheirsenioryear,assumingtheycouldwithstandtheparentalpestering（烦扰）.Butthingschangefastinthenail-bitingworldofcollegeadmissions.TherecenttrendtowardearlydecisionandearlyactionamongselectivecollegesanduniversitieshaspushedthetraditionaldeadlineofJanuaryuptoNov.1orearlyDecemberformanystudents.

C）Ifthetimeforheel-dragginghasbeenshortened,thetruesourceoftheanxietyandpanicremainswhatithasalwaysbeen.Andit’snottheapplicationitself.Acollegeapplicationisarelativelystraightforwardquestionnaireaskingforthebasics:

name,address,familyhistoryemploymenthistory.Itwouldallbeinnocentenough—20minutesofbusywork—exceptitcomesattachedtoapersonalessay.

D）“Therearegoodreasonsitcausessuchanxiety,”saysLisaSohmer,directorofcollegecounselingattheGardenSchoolinJacksonHeights,N.Y.“It’snotjusttheactualwriting.Bynoweverythingelseisalreadyset.Yourcourseloadisset,yourgradesareset,yourtestscoresareset.Buttheessayissomethingyoucanstillcontrol,andit’sopen-ended.Sothetemptationistowriteandrewriteandrewrite.”Orstallandstallandstall.

E）Theapplicationessay,alongwithitsmythicalimportance,isarecentinvention.Inthe1930s,whenonlyonein10Americanshadadegreefromafour-yearcollege,anadmissionscommitteewascontenttoaskforasampleofapplicants’schoolpaperstoassesstheirwritingability.Bythe1950s,mostschoolsrequiredabriefpersonalstatementofwhythestudenthadchosentoapplytooneschooloveranother.

F）Todaynearly70percentofgraduatingseniorsgoofftocollege,includingtwo-yearandfour-yearinstitutions.Evenapartfromtheincreasedcompetition,thekidsenteraprocessthathasbeenutterlytransformedfromtheonebabyboomersknew.Nearlyallapplicationmaterialsaresubmittedonline,andtheCommonApplicationprovidesaone-size-fitsformacceptedbymorethan400schools,includingthenation’smostselective.

G）Thoseschoolsusuallyrequireessaysoftheirown,butthelongestessay,500wordsmaximum,isgenerallyattachedtotheCommonApplication.Studentschooseoneofsixquestions.Applicantsareaskedtodescribeanethicaldilemmathey’vefacedanditsimpactonthem,ordiscussapublicissueofspecialconcerntothem,ortellofafictionalcharacterorcreativeworkthathasprofoundlyinfluencedthem.Anotherquestioninvitesthemtowriteabouttheimportance（tothem,again）ofdiversity―awordthathasassumedmagicpowerinAmericanhighereducation.Themostpopularoption:

writeonatopicofyourchoice.

H）“Boysinparticularlookattheotherquestionsandsay,‘Oh,that’stoomuchwork,’”saysJohnBoshoven,acounselorintheAnnArbor,Mich.,publicschools.“Theythinkiftheydoatopicoftheirchoice,“I’lljustgogetthathistorypaperIdidlastyearontheRomanEmpireandturnitintoafirst-personapplicationessay!

’Andtheyendupproducingsomethingutterlyridiculous.”

I）TalkingtoadmissionsprofessionalslikeBoshoven,yourealizethatthelistof“don’ts”inessaywritingismuchlongerthanthe“dos.”“Nobookreports,nohistorypapers,nocharacterstudies,”saysSohmer.

J）“Itdrivesyoucrazy,howeasilykidsslipintocliché

s（老生常谈）,”saysBoshoven.“Theydon’trealizehowtypicaltheirexperiencesarc.‘Iscoredthewinninggoalinsocceragainstourarch-rival.’‘MygrandfatherservedinWorldWarII,andIhopetobejustlikehimsomeday.’Thatmaymeanalottothatparticularkid.Butintheworldoftheapplicationessay,it’snothing.You’lllosethereaderinthefirstparagraph.”

K）“Thegreateststrengthyoubringtothisessay,”saystheCollegeBoard’show-tobook,“is17yearsorsooffamiliaritywiththetopic:

YOU.Theformandstyleareveryfamiliar,andbestofall,youaretheworld-classexpertonthesubjectofYOU...Ithasbeenthesubjectofyourclosescrutinyeverymorningsinceyouweretallenoughtoseeintothebathroommirror.”ThekeywordintheCommonApplicationpromptsis“you.”

L）ThecollegeadmissionessaycontainsthegrandestAmericanthemes―statusanxiety,parentalpiety（孝顺）,intellectualstandards—andsoitisonlyamatteroftimebeforeitbecomesinfectedbythecountry’scultureofexcessiveconcernwithself-esteem.Evenifthequestionisostensibly（表面上）aboutsomethingoutsidetheself（describeafictionalcharacterorsolveaproblemofgeopolitics）,theessayinvariablyreturnstothefavoritetopic:

whatisitsimpactonYOU?

M）“Foralltheanxietytheessaycauses,”saysBillMcClintickofMercersburgAcademyinPennsylvania,“it’saverysmallpieceofthepuzzle.Iwasincollegeadmissionsfor10years.Isawkidsandparentsbeatthemselvesupoverthis.Andatthevastmajorityofplaces,itissimplynotabigvariableinthecollege’sdecision-makingprocess.”

N）Manyadmissionsofficerssaytheyspendlessthanacoupleofminutesoneachapplication,includingtheessay.Accordingtoarecentsurveyofadmissionsofficers,onlyoneinfourprivatecollegessaytheessayisof“considerableimportance”injudginganapplication.Amongpubliccollegesanduniversities,thenumberdropstoroughlyonein10.Bycontrast,86percentplace“considerableimportance”onanapplicant’sgrades,70percenton“strengthofcurriculum.”

O）Still,atthemostselectiveschools,wherethousandsofcandidatesmaysubmitidenticallyhighgradesandtestscores,amarginalitemliketheessaymayserveasatie-breakerbetweentwoequallyqualifiedcandidates.ThethoughtiscertainlyenoughtokeepthepotboilingunderparentslikeMeg,thelawyer-mom,asshetriestohelphersonchooseanessaytopic.Foramomenttheotherday,shethoughtshemighthavehitonagoodone.“Hisfather’sfromFrance,”shesays.“Isaidmaybeyoucouldwriteaboutthat,assomethingthatmakesyoudifferent.Youknow:

halfFrench,halfAmerican.Isaid,‘Youcouldwriteaboutyouridentityissues.’Hesaid,‘Idon’thaveanyidentityissues!

’Andhe’sright.He’sawell-adjusted,normalkid.Butthatdoesn’tmakeforagoodessay,doesit?

”

此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。

46.Todaymanyuniversitiesrequiretheirapplicantstowriteanessayofuptofivehundredwords.

47.Onerecentchangeincollegeadmissionsisthatselectivecollegesanduniversitieshavemovedthetraditionaldeadlinetoearlierdates.

48.Applicantsandtheirparentsaresaidtobelievethatthepersonalessaycanswaytheadmissionscommittee.

49.Applicantsareusuallybetteroffiftheycanwriteanessaythatdistinguishesthemfromtherest.

50.Notonlyisthecompetitiongettingmoreintense,theapplicationprocess