新概念二册语法精粹Word文档下载推荐.docx
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新概念二册语法精粹Word文档下载推荐.docx
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should
wouldplay
wouldbeplaying
wouldhaveplayed
wouldhavebeenplaying
新概念第二册语法总结
(一)
一、一般现在时:
1.构成:
使用动词原形,第三人称单数须有变化。
(1)直接加“s”,works,takes
(2)以辅音加“y”结尾,变“y”为“i”,再加“es”
carry→carries
(3)以“o,s,x,ch,sh”结尾的动词加“es”
goes
dresses
watches
brushes
2.功能:
(1)表现在的事实、状态或动作:
eg:
?
.Birdsfly.
?
.Shelovesmusic.
.Mary'
sparentsgetupveryearly.
(2)表习惯性动作或职业,常与often,sometimes,usually,always,everyweek,seldom,occasionally,frequently等时间副词连用。
.Ialwaystakeawalkaftersupper.
.Shewritestomeveryoften.
.Tomandhisgirlfriendgoouttotakeapicnicoccasionally.
(3)表客观真理,格言警句或事实:
.Theearthmovesroundthesun.
.Thesunrisesintheeastandsetsinthewest.
.Twoandtwomakesfour.
.Nomanbuterrs.人非圣贤,熟能无过。
(4)表将来:
A.在由when,after,before,as,assoonas,although,because,if,evenif,incase,till,until,unless,
solongas,where,whatever,wherever等引导的状语从句中用一般现在时表将来发生的动作。
(黄金重点,所有考试都不放过它!
)
例如:
.I'
lltellherwhenshecomestomorrow.
.Evenifitrainsthisafternoon,I'
llmeetyou.
.Whateverhappens,youshouldkeepcool-headed.(不错的句型,背下!
!
llberightherewaitingforyouwhereveryougo.(很感人的句型!
B.按时间表示将要发生的动作或事件,用一般现在时表达将来时概念。
.Theplaybeginsat6:
30thisevening.
.Whendoestheplanetakeoff?
.Heleavesforthatcitynextweek.
.Accordingtothetimetable,theexpresstraintoShanghaistartsatnineinthemorning.
(按照时刻表,开往上海的特快列车早上7点出发。
测试精编
1.TheBrowns________anicecarandBrown'
sbrother________anicejeep.
A.have/have
B.has/has
C.have/has
D.has/have
2.Iftheirhouse________notlikeours,what________itlooklike?
A.is/is
B.is/does
C.does/does
D.does/is
3.-________youthinkhewillcome?
-Ifit________tomorrow,hewillnotcome.
A.Do/rains
B.Are/rains
C.Do/willrain
D.Are/willrain
4.Thelittlechild________notevenknowthatthemoon________aroundtheearth.
A.do/move
B.do/moves
C.does/moves
D.did/moved
5.Manyastudent________fondoffilms,butagoodstudentseldom________tothecinema
A.are/goes
B.is/goes
C.are/go
D.is/go
新概念第二册语法总结
(二)
二.现在进行时:
is/am/are+现在分词
1.表示现在正在进行的动作。
如
.Thekettleisboiling.ShallImaketea?
.Don'
tyouthinkyoueattoomuch?
You'
reputtingonweight(体重增加)。
.Theworkersarebuildinganewbridgeacrosstheriver.
2.表现阶段正进行的动作。
.Heistakingphysicsthissemester(本学期)。
.Wearepreparingforourfinalexaminationthisweek.
3.go,come,leave,arrive,land,meet,die,start,return,join,etc.用于进行时态时表示即将开始的动作。
.Look!
Thebusiscoming.看!
车来了!
.Theoldmanisseriouslyill,andheisdying.
.AliceisleavingforBeijingwithhermother.
4.与always,forever,continually,constantly等副词连用,表示说话人带有感情色彩:
赞赏或厌恶。
.Heisalwaysthinkingofothers.(他总是想着别人。
.Theboyiscontinuallymakingnoises.(这男孩不断地发出吵闹声。
.Theteacherisconstantly(always)criticizingherforbeinglate.(老师一直在批评她迟到。
5.下面表示状态、感觉、情绪、精神活动的动词不可用于进行时。
(此条戒律请背10遍!
believe(相信),doubt(怀疑),see(看见),hear(听见),know(知道),understand(理解),belong(属于),think(认为),consider(认为),feel(觉得),look(看起来),seem(看上去),show(显示),mind(介意),have(有),sound(听起来),taste(尝起来),require(要求),possess(拥有),care(关心),like(喜欢),hate(讨厌),love(喜爱),detest(憎恨),desire(意欲)
【简单记忆】:
●永远不要说I'
mbelieving...或Heisseeingahouse.再简单一点说,这些动词后面不要随意加-ing.
●可怕的是:
我们在写作及口语中常犯此类大错!
●注意:
haveaparty/thinkabout可以用进行时,因为这里have意为“举行”;
think意为“考虑”。
测试精编:
1.Howcanyou________Ifyouarenot________?
A.listening/hearing
B.hear/listening
C.belistening/heard
D.behearing/listeningto
2.Thegirlevenwon'
thaveherlunchbeforeshe________herhomework.
A.willfinish
B.isfinishing
C.hadfinished
D.finishes
3.Thosewhohaveappliedforthepost(职位)________intheoffice.(此题超前)
A.arebeinginterviewed
B.areinterviewing
C.interviewing
D.tobeinterviewing
4.Theoldscientist________todomoreforthecountry.
A.iswishing
B.hasbeenwishing
C.wishes
D.hasbeenwished
5.Ifhe________,don'
twakehimup.
A.stillsleeps
B.isstillsleeping
C.stillhasbeensleeping
D.willbesleepingstill
新概念第二册语法总结(三)
三.一般过去时。
定义动词的过去式:
1.表示过去某个特定时间或某一段时间发生的动作或情况。
.Wevisitedtheschoollastspring.
.IwenttoschoolbybikewhenIwasinmiddleschool.
.Chinawasfoundedin1949.
2.在表示时间或条件等的状语从句中代替过去将来时。
(参)
.Shetoldmethatshewouldnotgowithusifitrainedthenextday.
.Theywouldnotleaveuntilshecameback.
.Myfriendpromisedtomarrymeonceshemadeherfinaldecision.
3.一般过去时,现在时和过去时的几组差异:
(别以为这很简单,下面的差异你不一定明白。
)
●Herbrotherwasachemist.(已去世)
●Herbrotherisachemist.(尚健在)
●That'
sallIhadtosay.(话已说完)
sallIhavetosay.(言之未尽)
●Itwassonicetoseeyou.(离别时用)
●Itissonicetoseeyou.(见面时用)
●Janedidalotofworkthismorning.(已是当天下午或晚上)
●Janehasdonealotofworkthismorning.(仍是上午)[本句现在完成时,此乃后话!
]
测试精编I:
(用所给动词的正确进态填空)。
1.YesterdayI________(think)thatyouwerenotinBeijing.
2.Aliceusually________(sit)inthefrontoftheclassroom,butshe________(sit)atthebackthismorning.
3.He________(tell)thenewstousthreedaysago.
4.He________(begin)toteachChinesein1990.5.shewouldnottelephonemeifshe________(have)notime.
测试精编II:
1.They________thetripuntiltherainstopped.
A.continued
B.didn'
tcontinue
C.hadn'
tcontinued
D.wouldcontinue
2.Thelocalpeasantsgavethesoldiersclothesandfoodwithoutwhichthey________ofhungerandcold.(without在这里表条件,你知道吗?
A.woulddie
B.willdie
C.wouldbedead
D.wouldhavedied
3.ItwasnotuntilthenthatIcametoknowthattheearth________aroundthesun.
A.moved
B.hasmoved
C.willmove
D.moves
4.Whenallthosepresent(到场者)________hebeganhislecture.(重点题)
A.sit
B.set
C.seated
D.wereseated
5.IfIhadhadtime,Iwouldhavewrittentoyou.ButinfactI________not.
A.have
B.wouldhave
C.had
D.hadhad
新概念第二册语法总结(四)
四.过去进行时:
were/was+现在分词。
1.表示过去某一时刻或阶段正在发生的动作。
.Iwasplayingchessat8yesterdayevening.
.WhenIarrived,theywerewatchingTV.
.Theyweredoinghouseworkthistimelastweek.
2.用于条件状语从句中表示过去将来进行的动作。
.Shetoldmetowakehimupifshewassleeping.
.IaskedmyfriendtowarnmeaboutitaslongasIwasdrivingtoofast.
3.过去某时将发生的事。
可参考—2(4)
.TheytoldmethattheywereleavingforNewYork.
.HewasgoingoutwhenIarrived.
1.Mybrother________whilehe________hisbicycleandhurthimself.
A.fell/wasriding
B.feel/wereriding
C.hadfallen/rode
D.hadfallen/wasriding
2.He________hislegashe________inafootballmatch.
A.broke/played
B.wasbreaking/wasplaying
C.broke/wasplaying
D.wasbreaking/played
3.-Myfatherwillbeheretomorrow.-Ithoughtthathe________today.
A.wascorning
B.iscoming
C.willcome
D.comes
4.Jackwasgoingoutoftheshopwhenhecollidedwithanoldwomanwho________in.
A.come
B.wascoming
C.hadbeencoming
D.hadcome
5.Michikecouldn'
tcometothetelephonewhenMr.Smithcalledherbecauseshe________inthelab.
A.hadbeenworking
B.hasbeenworking
C.wasworking
D.worked
新概念第二册语法总结(五)
五.现在完成时:
have/has+过去分词
1.表示过去所发生的动作对现在的影响或产生的结果。
常与yet,just,before,recently,lately(最近),ever,never等表时间的副词搭配使用。
●Hehasn'
tseenherlately.
●Ihaven'
tfinishedthebookyet.
2.表示一个从过去某个时间开始,延续到现在并可能持续下去的动作,常与表示一段时间的时间状语连用。
如:
sofar(迄今为止),uptillnow(直到现在),since,foralongtime(很长时间),uptopresent(直到现在),inthepast/inthelastfewyears(在过去的几年里),thesedays(目前)……
.Hehasworkedherefor15years.
.IhavestudiedEnglishsinceIcamehere.
.TheforeignerhasbeenawayfromChinaforalongtime.
.Sofar,Ihaven'
treceivedasingleletterfrommybrother.
3.某些非延续性动词(即:
动作开始便终止的动词),在现在完成时中不能与表示一段时间状语搭配。
黄金要点:
I.常见的非延续动词:
die,arrive(到达),join(加入),leave(离开),go,refuse(拒绝),fail(失败),finish,buy,marry,divorce(离婚),awake(醒),buy,borrow,lend...(背三遍!
II.这类动词并非不能用现在完成时,而是不能接常由for引导的时间状语。
III.但若是用在否定句中,非延续动词的现在完成时可以与表示一段时间的状语连用。
●Shehasgoneawayforamonth.(误
●Shehasbeenawayforamonth(正)
●Themanhasdiedfortwoyears.(误)
●Themanhasbeendeadfortwoyears.(正)
●Howlonghaveyouboughtthebook?
(误)
●Howlonghaveyougotthebook.(正)
4.注意since的用法:
.Theyhaven'
thadanytroublesincetheycamehere.
.Ithasbeentenyearssincewemetlasttime.
.Hehasbeenheresince1980.
.Hehasbeenheresincetenyearsago.
5.几组对比:
HehasgonetoShanghai.他到上海去了。
HehasbeentoShanghai.他去过上海。
Shehasgone.她已走了。
Sheisgone.她缺席了。
(or她死了。
Thedoorhasbeenclosed.门关上了。
(动作)
Thedoorisclosed.门是关着的。
(状态)
1.Theprices________goingupallthetimeinthepastfewyears.
A.keep
B.kept
C.havekept
D.arekeeping
2.Forth
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