断层解剖学试题英文大题文档格式.docx

断层解剖学试题英文大题文档格式.docx

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2.Tellaboutthesignificanceofthesectionofsternalangle?

3.ThesublobeandMRIappearanceofprostate?

4.Inthesectionalimage,howtorecognizehepaticveinandhepaticartery?

5.Whichbodysurfacesymbolstodefinitethevertebraplanes?

1.Reid’sbaseline.Itisthelinebetweeninfraorbitalmarginandthemiddlepointofexternalacousticpore,alsocalledanthropologicalbasalline.Itisthebasallinewhenmakingtransversesectionofheadspecimen.Alsoitistheperpendicularofbasallinewhenmakingthecoronalsectionofheadspecimen.

2.pterygopalatinespace.Inthedeeplayerofmaxillofacialregion,thepterygopalatinespacealsocalledsphenomaxillaryfossahassignificantclinicalsense.Itisalongandnarrowtriangularinterspace，locatingbetweentheposteriorwallofmaxillarybone,alisphenoidinfratemporalsurfaceandpterygoidprocess,perpendicularplateofpalatinebone.Therearemaxillarynerve,pterygopalatineganglionandthe3rdsegmentandbranchesofmaxillaryartery.Thepterygopalatinespacehaswidespreadtransportation,goinganteriortofossaorbitalisthroughinferiororbitalfissure,mediallytonasalcavitythroughsphenopalatineforamenandtoinfratemporalfossathroughpterygomaxillaryfissure,inferiorlytooralcavitythroughgreaterpalatinecanal,superiorlyandposteriorlytomiddlecranialfossathroughforamenrotundum.

3.thecarotidsheath.Allthelayersofcervicalfasciaparticipatetoformthecarotidsheath.Itenclosesthecommonandinternalcarotidarteries,theinternaljugularveinandthevagusnerve;

itextendsfromthebaseoftheskulltotherootoftheneck,andconnectswiththeenvelopingfasciaandtheprevertebralfasciabylooseconnectivetissue.

4.sternalangle.Thesternalangleistheanteriorprocessoftheconnectionofmanubriumandbodyofsternum.Itisanimportantplaneinthoracicpartandhasnotatesignificance.

5.Secondportaheptis.Thelefthepaticvein,righthepaticvein,medialhepaticveinconvergeintotheinferiorvenacaveformthesecondportaheptis.

6.urogenitaldiaphragm.urogenitaldiaphragmiscomposedofsphinctermuscleofmembranousurethra，deeptransversemuscleofperineumandthecoveringsuperiorfasciaofurogenitaldiaphragmandinferiorfasciaofurogenitaldiaphragm.

7.Aorticopulmonarywindow.AorticopulmonarywindowwhichisalowdensityspaceinCTimagingsisbetweenascendingaorta,thoracicaortaandleftborderofmediastinum.Itscopeisasmallspace1-2cmbetweeninferiorborderofaorticarchandsuperiorborderofbifurcationofpulmonarytrunk.Itsleftlateralborderismediastinalpleura,medialborderistracheaandascendingaortaisanteriorwhileoesophagusandthoracicaortaareposterior.Itcontainsarterialligament,lymphnodeofarterialligamentandleftlaryngealnerve.

8.thelumbarnerverootcana.Theareaofthelumbarnerverootcanaisfrompenetrationpointoflumbarnerveroottoendostomaofintervertebracanal.Thegapisshortandthereareseveralstegnosis.①thespacebetweenintervertebraldiskandyellowligament.②thegroovemedialtosuperiorarticularprocess.③lateralrecess.④hyposulculuslateralmassofvertebrae.Itisbetweenmedialinferiorpedicleofvertebralarchandintervertebraldisc.Whentheintervertebraldiscbulgeslaterallyitbecomesmoreobviously.

9.rotatorcuff.Therotatorcuffliesoutsideofarticularcapsule,composedofsupraspinousmuscle,infraspinousmuscle,teresminormuscleandsubscapularmusclesurroundingtheshoulderjointsuperiorly,anteriorlyandposteriorly,accretingwiththearticularcapsuleandmakingbtheshoulderjointmoresteadily.

10.femoraltriangle.Inthesuperiorpartofanteriorsurfaceofthighliesthefemoraltrianglesuperiortothecruralligament,medialtothemedialborderoflongadductormuscleandlateraltothemedialborderofsartoriusmuscle.It＇santeriorwallisfemoralfascia,andbottomisiliopsoasmuscle,pectinealmuscleandlongadductormuscle.Therearefemoralnerve,femoralvesselsandlymphoidnodesinthefemoraltriangle.

1.Thesegmentation,courser，thebranchesanddistributionsofmiddlecerebralartery.

SegmentofM1（thehorizontalsegment）divergesfrominternalcarotidarterytothecrotchoflateralcleftarteryhorizontallyandlaterally.SegmentofM2（theinsularlobesegment）goesfromthesurfaceofinsularlobelaterallyandsuperiorlytothelateralfissure.SegmentofM3（thelateralcleftsegment）istheascendingateryfrombasilarpartofinsularlobetocentralsulcus.SegmentofM4（thebifurcatesegment）isintheplacewheretheposteriorparietalartery,arteryofangulargyrusandarteriaetemporalisposteriordivergedfromarteryofangulargyrus.SegmentofM5istheendofmiddlecerebralartery-arteryofangulargyrus.

Thebranchesanddistributionsofmiddlecerebralarterycanbedividedintotwogroups.Thefirstgroupisthelaterallenticulostriatearterysupplyingbloodformostofputamen,thelateralsegmentofglobuspallidus,theanteriorlimbofinternalcapsule,thesuperior2/3partofposteriorlimbofinternalcapsuleandtheproximalcoronaradiate,theheadandbodyofcaudatenucleus.Thesecondgroupiscorticalbranch,supplyingbloodformostofthedorsolateralsurfaceofthecerebralhemisphereandinsularlobe.

①Itisthedividingsectionofsuperiorandinferiormediastinums;

②Thesuperiorborderof4ththoracicvertebraisbehindit;

③Theoriginationandendofaorticarchisinthissection;

④Bifurcationoftracheaispresentinthissection;

⑤Archofazygosveinisinthissectionandmovesanteriorlytojoinsuperiorvenacava;

⑥Leftprincipalbronchusintersectswithesophagusinthissection;

⑦Thoracicductmovestoleftfromrightinthissection;

⑧The2ndsternocostaljointsternocostaljoint,soitisamarkersectiontocountribs.

AccordingtoLowsley,theprostatecanbedividedinto5parts:

anterior,middle,posteriorlobeandleft,rightlaterallobe.

TheMRIappearanceofprostatezonary:

inT1MRI,Thecircumscriptionofprostatecanbeshownbutcannotclassifyitszonary.T2MRIcandiscernthezonary.①Theappearanceofanterior1/3ofprostaticurethraishighsignal,andtheanteriorpartofprostateislowroundsignalaround.Thesignaloftransitionzonesandcentralzoneissimilarandcanbedividedaccordingtoanatomy.②Thecircumferentialiscrescent-shapedbisymmetrichighsignalposteriorlateralofprostate.③Thecentralzonewhichispresentonlyinthescanninglayerthroughfirsthalfofprostateismoderatesignalintensitybetweenperipheralzoneofurinarycanalandcircumferentiazone.④Theanteriorfibermusclesarcoplasmareaislowsignal,whichistheforemostpartofprostate.Itsultimatepartisintheimagethroughsuperiorpartofprostate.

4.Inthesectionalimage,howtorecoganizehepaticveinandhepaticartery?

Thehepaticveinbecomesthickerandthickerasapproachingthesecondportahepatic,andthesectionedboleisoval-shapedandround.Thehepaticportalveinbecomesthickerandthickerasapproachingthefirstportahepatic,andthesectionedboleismacroaxis-shaped.

Thetubalwallofhepaticportalveinisthick,sointheimageofultrasoundtheechoofhepaticportalveinisstrongandtheimageisbright.However,theechoofhepaticveinisweakandthethintubalwallcannotbeseen.

5.whichbodysurfacesymbolstodefinitethevertebraplanes?

①bodyofhyoidbonecorrespondingwiththeintervertebraldiscs2ndcervicalvertebrae;

②superiorborderofthethyroidcartilagecorrespondingwithsuperiorborderofthe4thbodyofcervicalvertebra;

③inferiormarginofcricoidcartilagecorrespondingwithinferiorborderofthe6thcervicalvertebrabody;

④jugularnotchcorrespondingwiththeintervertebraldiscs2ndthoracicvertebrae,whichislowofthefemale;

⑤sternalanglecorrespondingwiththeinferiorborderthoracicvertebrebody⑥xiphisternalsynchondrosiscorrespondingwiththe9thbodyofthoracicvertebre;

⑦thelowestpointofthecostalarchcorrespondingwithintervertebraldiscsof2ndlumbarvertebrae⑧umbilicuscorrespondingwithintervertebraldiscsofthe3rdlumbarvertebrae;

⑨superiorborderofthepubicsymphysiscorrespondingwithApexofcoccyx

二

Explanationofterm:

（10×

2＝20）

1.AC-PCline2.centrumsemiovale3.pterygopalatinespace

4.suprasellarcistern5.Heubnerartery6.aorticopulmonarywindow7.Trigoneofurinarybladderandseminalvesicle8.venoussystem

9.carpalcanal10.malleolarcanal

QuestionandAnswer:

（5×

6＝30）

1.Howtodiscriminatethecentralsulcusinserialcrosssectionsofbrain？

2.Segmentname,pathwayandbranchingofinternalcarotidartery.

3.Howtodiscriminatethefourchambersofheartinthoracicsectionalanatomy?

4.Tellaboutsignificanceofsectionofsagittalpartoflefthepaticportalvein.

5.ThesublobeandMRIappearanceofprostate?

1.AC-PCline:

intercommissurallineisthelinebetweenthemidpointofanteriorcommissureposteriorborderandposteriorcommissureofanteriorborder.Itisthestandardlineofbrainstereotacticsurgery,X-knife,γ-knifetherapyandstereotaxissectionalanatomy.

2.centrumsemiovale:

isaverywidemedullaregionf