全高考英语语法精讲与精练主谓一致全考点Word文件下载.docx
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全高考英语语法精讲与精练主谓一致全考点Word文件下载.docx
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EG4:
Therearetwochairsandadeskintheroom.
主谓一致考点2、承前原则
主语后面跟有with,togetherwith,alongwith,except,but,besides,inadditionto,like,aswellas,nolessthan(和…一样),ratherthan(而不是),including,insteadof等引起的短语,谓语动词要跟这些介词(短语)前的主语保持一致。
EG5:
Theteacher,aswellashisstudents,wasinvitedtotheceremony.
EG6:
TomincludinghisparentshasgonetoAfrica.
→Tom’sparentsincludinghimhavegonetoAfrica.
主谓一致考点3、其它主谓一致常考考点
1、--ing,todo和从句作主语,谓语动词用单数。
EG7:
GoingtoaBritishhighschoolforoneyear
was
averyenjoyableandexcitingexperience.
EG8:
Tomeetyouisreallyaniceexperience.
EG9:
Whenthemeetingwillbeginhasn’tbeendecidedyet.
EG10:
Whatisimportanttohimaretheexperiencesofhislife.
解析:
what(所....的东西/话/事)引导的主语从句作主语时,要根据句意和上下文判断它表达的是单数概念还是复数概念。
表单数概念用单数动词,表复数概念用复数动词。
EG11:
Whathesaid
notright.【what从句表示“他所说的”是个抽象概念,故用单数动词】
EG12:
WhatIneed
are
somegoodreferencebooks.【what从句表示“我所需要的东西(一些好书)”是个具体的复数概念,故用复数动词】
2.由分数、百分数以及类似于anumberof,alotof/lotsof,plentyof,agreatdealof…的数量词修饰的名词作主语,谓语单复数由被修饰的名词决定。
EG:
Alotofbooksareneeded.
Agreatdealofwaterisneeded.
注意:
quantity以及表示“种类、组、群”的词(如:
group,class,type,pair)修饰名词作主语时,谓语动词的单复数形式要由这些限定词的单复数形式决定。
Alargequantityofbooksisneeded.
Largequantitiesofwaterareneeded.
Agroupofpeopleiswaitingforyou.
3.manya/an+n(许多),morethanone(不止一个)做主语,其谓语动词要用单数形式。
EG13:
Manyastudent
is
notinterestedinEnglishatall.
EG14:
Morethanonebook
needed.
4.在定语从句里,关系代词that,who,which等作主语时,其谓语动词的数应与句中先行词的数一致。
EG15:
Thosewho
want
togopleasewritetheirnamesontheblackboard.
EG16:
Heisoneofthestudentswholikesports.【此句定语从句的先行词是thestudents】
EG17:
Heisthe(only)oneofthestudentswholikessports.
【此句定语从句的先行词是the(only)one】
5.在强调句型中如强调的是主语,谓语应与被强调部分一致。
EG18:
Itismyparentswhoareteachers.
EG19:
ItisIwhoamateacher.
EG20:
ItisJackwhoisateacher.
6.
(1)anumberof+复数名词主语,谓语用复数
(2)thenumberof+复数名词的数就得依number而定(用单数)。
EG21:
Anumberofstudentshavegonetothefarmtohelpthefarmerpickapples.
EG22:
Thenumberofpagesinthisbookisthreehundred.
7.由集体名词government,family,class,enemy,army,group,committee,majority等作主语时,若指整体意义,则用单数谓语;
若指个体意义,则用复数谓语。
Ourclasshaswonthefirstplaceinthefootballmatch.【强调我们班赢得比赛,而参加篮球赛的可能只有几个人】
MyfamilyarewatchingTVathome.【强调我的一家人在看电视】
8.“定冠词the+形容词或分词”作主语,表某“一类人”时,谓语动词用复数。
EG23:
Theelderlyaretakengoodcareofthere.
“the+形容词”作主语,表示“一类物”时,谓语动词用单数。
EG24:
Thebeautifulisnotalwaystheuseful.
EG25:
Theunknownisalwayssomethingtobefeared.
9.四则运算以及表示时间、距离、价值、长度、度量衡等的数量词作主语时,谓语动词要用单数形式。
EG26:
1,000milliondollarsistoomuchforus.
10.No/Each/Every+名词作主语时,谓语动词要用单数形式。
27Everyboysandeverygirlswasinvited.
五、考点应考技巧:
1、抓住句子的真正的主语是什么,
2、常与时态语态同时考查,在考虑主谓一致的同时,要考虑时态语态
3、必须背清楚每一种主谓一致的情况。
六、主谓一致考点精练
(一)单句语法填空
1.【2020·
全国Ⅰ卷】CarlePieters,ascientistatBrownUniversity,says,“becauseit
67
(mean)wehavethechancetoobtaininformationabouthowthemoonisconstructed.”
Key:
means考查时态和主谓一致。
根据句子结构可知,此空处是谓语动词。
本句引用了CarlePieters的话,结合句意可知空格处要用一般现在时。
主语为it,谓语动词用第三人称单数。
2.【2020·
全国II卷】Thisiswhydecoratingwithplants,fruitsandflowers
62.
(carry)specialsignificance.
carries考查主谓一致和时态。
此处why引导表语从句,表语从句中主语是decoratingwithplants,fruitsandflowers,填空处作谓语。
因为文章介绍的是中国现在仍然流行的一些习俗,所以用一般现在时。
单个动词的-ing形式作主语,谓语用单数形式,所以填carries。
3.【2020·
新高考Ⅰ卷】Thepartsofamuseumopentothepublic
40 (call)galleriesorrooms.
arecalled考查主谓一致和被动语态。
结合句意“博物馆对外开放的部分被称为展览馆或陈列室”和下文的时态可知主语theparts(复数)和谓语动词call之间为被动语态,故用一般现在时的被动语态。
4.【2020·
新高考Ⅰ卷】Often,onlyasmallpartofamuseum’scollection
41 (be)ondisplay.
is考查主谓一致。
句子主语中心词为asmallpart,结合上下文的时态可知用一般现在时的单数形式。
5.【2020·
浙江高考】And,asmorechildrenwereborn,morefood
59 (need).
wasneeded考查时态语态和主谓一致。
根据时间状语从句asmorechildrenwereborn可知此处用一般过去时,主语morefood(不可数名词、单数)和need之间是被动关系,所以用一般过去时的被动语态。
6.【2019·
全国卷Ⅰ】.Ofthenineteenrecognizedpolarbearsubpopulations,threearedeclining,six 70
(be)stable,oneisincreasing,andninelackenoughdata.
考查主谓一致。
主语为six,表示六个子群,结合前一句threearedeclining可知应用一般现在时,故填are。
7、(2018•全国卷I)Whilerunningregularlycanmakeyouliveforever,thereviewsaysit_______(be)moreeffectiveatlengtheninglife________walking,cyclingorswimming.
is/than
8、(2018•全国卷II)Since2011,thecountry________(grow)morecornthanrice.Key:
hasgrown
9、(2017全国卷I)Fastfood(be)fulloffatandsalt.Key:
is
10、(2017全国卷III)Sarah__________(tell)thatshecouldbeBritain’snewsupermodelearningamilliondollarsinthenewyear.HerfatherPeter,44,wantshertogiveupschooltomodelfulltimekey:
wastold
11、(2016全国卷II)Leavingthelessimportantthingsuntiltomorrow______(be)oftenacceptable.Key:
12、(2016全国卷III)Confuciusbelievedkniveswouldremindpeopleofkillingsand___________(be)tooviolentforuseatthetable.Key:
were
13、(2015全国I)Yangshuo________(be)reallybeautiful.Key:
14、(2015全国卷II)Thiscycle_______(go)dayafterday:
Thewallswarmupduringthedayandcooloffduringthenightandarethusalwaysatimelyoffset(抵消)fortheoutsidetemperatures.Key:
goes
15、(2014全国卷I)In1969,thepollutionwasterriblealongtheCuyahogaRiverCleveland,Ohio.It_____(be)unimaginablethatitcouldeverbecleanedup.Key:
was
16、(2014辽宁卷)Bepatient!
TaiChi(call)“shadowboxing”inEnglish.Key:
iscalled
17.Onethirdofthecountry________(be)coveredwithtreesandthemajorityofthecitizensareblackpeople.Key:
is
18.(2013·
福建卷改编)Thefamousmusician,aswellashisstudents,________(be)invitedtoperformattheopeningceremonyofthe2012TaipeiFlowerExpo.Key:
19.(2014·
湖南卷改编)Allweneed________(be)asmallpieceoflandwherewecanplantvariouskindsoffruittreesthroughoutthegrowingseasonsoftheyear.Key:
20.(2017·
安徽安庆望江检测改编)Kathieisreadingthenotewhich________(be)leftinthedrawertheotherday.Key:
21.(2017·
北京重点中学联考改编)NeitherInorAmy________(be)toattendthebusinessconferenceifwearebusy.Key:
22.(2017·
湖南十三校联考改编)Ourschoolalongwithmanyotherbrothermiddleschools________(be)totakeanotherjointtestnextmonth.Key:
23.Todayanewformofcommunication“WeChat”,which________(own)aChinesenameWeixin,isbecomingthemostinfluentialtextandvoicingtoolallovertheworld.Key:
owns
24.(2017·
湖南怀化一模改编)Morethanonedoctor________(be)involvedintherescuethattookplaceaftertheearthquake.Key:
25.Withmoreforestsbeingdestroyed,hugequantitiesofgoodearth________(be)beingwashedawayeachyear.Key:
are
26.(2017·
江苏建陵中学质检改编)NooneinthedepartmentbutTomandI________(know)thatthedirectorisgoingtoresign.Key:
knows
27.(2017·
湖南师大附中月考改编)ProfessorJameswillgiveusalectureonWesternculture,andheaswellashisassistants________(be)toarrivebyair.Key:
28.(2015·
湖南卷改编)Itisimportanttorememberthatsuccessisasumofsmalleffortsmadeeachdayandoften________(take)yearstoachieve.Key:
takes
(二)单句语法改错
1.【2021年全国甲卷】Oneofthequestionsare:
Whowillyougointimesoftrouble?
主语为oneofthequestions,表示问题中的一个,是单数意义,谓语动词应为单数,故are改为is。
全国卷III】Mydaddon’tlikethesoupandIdon’tenjoyapples.
句意:
我爸爸不喜欢汤,我也不喜欢苹果。
表示经常或反复发生的事情,用一般现在时。
主语mydad是第三人称单数,谓语动词用单数,所以don’t改成doesn’t。
3.【2018•卷III】Irememberedthatmyfatheroncesaid,"
Theclassroomisaplaceforlearningandthatincludeleaningfromtextbooks,andmistakeaswell."
key:
include--includes/mistake--mistakes
4.【2014辽宁】Theearlymorningbarkinghavebeendisturbingusasweareoftenupall
nightwiththebaby.Key:
have--has
5.【2014四川】Today,Iamgoingtotalkwithwhatyoushoulddowhenafirealarmgo
off.key:
with--about/go--goes
6.【2014全国大纲卷】Theunderstandingbetweentwofriendsmeanbothofthemhavesimilarideasandtrustingeachother.Key:
mean--means/trusting--trust
7.【2014新课标卷II】Mydreamschoollooklikeabiggarden.Key:
look--looks
8.Billwasstandingatthesideofthecar,talkingtotwomenwhowashelpinghimtorepairit.key:
was--were
9.Playingfootballnotonlymak
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