托福TPO4阅读word版Word文档格式.docx
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托福TPO4阅读word版Word文档格式.docx
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sBayCompany,deerpopulationscontinuedtofluctuate.DavidDouglas,Scottishbotanicalexplorerofthe1830s,foundadisturbingchangeintheanimallifearoundthefortduringtheperiodbetweenhisfirstvisitin1825andhisfinalcontactwiththefortin1832.ArecentDouglasbiographerstates:
"
Thedeerwhichoncepicturesquelydottedthemeadowsaroundthefortweregone[in1832],huntedtoexterminationinordertoprotectthecrops."
Reductioninnumbersofgameshouldhavebodedillfortheirsurvivalinlatertimes.Aworseningoftheplightofdeerwastobeexpectedassettlersencroachedontheland,logging,burning,andclearing,eventuallyreplacingawildernesslandscapewithroads,cities,towns,andfactories.Nodoubtthenumbersofdeerdeclinedstillfurther.RecallthefateoftheColumbianwhite-taileddeer,nowinaprotectedstatus.Butfortheblack-taileddeer,humanpressurehashadjusttheoppositeeffect.WildlifezoologistHelmutBuechner(1953),inreviewingthenatureofbioticchangesinWashingtonthroughrecordedtime,saysthat"
sincetheearly1940s,thestatehashadmoredeerthanatanyothertimeinitshistory,thewinterpopulationfluctuatingaroundapproximately320,000deer(muleandblack-taileddeer),whichwillyieldabout65,000ofeithersexandanyageannuallyforanindefiniteperiod."
Thecausesofthispopulationreboundareconsequencesofotherhumanactions.First,themajorpredatorsofdeer—wolves,cougar,andlynx—havebeengreatlyreducedinnumbers.Second,conservationhasbeeninsuredbylimitingtimesforandtypesofhunting.Butthemostprofoundreasonfortherestorationofhighpopulationnumbershasbeenthefateoftheforests.Greattractsoflowlandcountrydeforestedbylogging,fire,orbothhavebecomeidealfeedinggroundsofdeer.Inadditiontofindinganincreaseofsuitablebrowse,likehuckleberryandvinemaple,ArthurEinarsen,longtimegamebiologistinthePacificNorthwest,foundqualityofbrowseintheopenareastobesubstantiallymorenutritive.Theproteincontentofshade-grownvegetation,forexample,wasmuchlowerthanthatforplantsgrowninclearings.
1.Accordingtoparagraph1,whichofthefollowingistrueof
thewhite-taileddeerof
PugetSound?
(4)
○Itisnativetolowlandsandmarshes.
○ItismorecloselyrelatedtothemuledeerofeasternWashingtonthantoothertypesofdeer.
○Ithasreplacedtheblack-taileddeerintheopenprairie.
○Itnolongerlivesinaparticulartypeofhabitatthatitonceoccupied.
2.Itcanbeinferredfromthediscussioninparagraph2thatwinterconditions
(2)
○causesomedeertohibernate
○makefoodunavailableinthehighlandsfordeer
○makeiteasierfordeertolocateunderstoryplants
○preventdeerfrommigratingduringthewinter
3.Theword"
inhibits"
inthepassageisclosestinmeaningto(3)
○consistsof
○combines
○restricts
○establishes
4.Thephrase"
inthesamebreath"
inthepassageisclosestinmeaningto(4)
○impatiently
○humorously
○continuously
○immediately
5.TheauthortellsthestoryoftheexplorersLewisandClarkinparagraph3inordertoillustratewhichofthefollowingpoints?
(1)
○ThenumberofdeerwithinthePugetSoundregionhasvariedovertime.
○MostoftheexplorerswhocametothePugetSoundareawereprimarilyinterestedinhuntinggame.
○Therewasmoregame
forhuntingintheEastof
theUnitedStatesthanin
theWest.
○Individualexplorerswerenotassuccessfulatlocatinggamesaswerethetradingcompanies.
6.Accordingtoparagraph3,howhadFortVancouverchangedbythetimeDavidDouglasreturnedin1832?
(3)
○TheforthadbecometheheadquartersfortheHudson'
sBayCompany.
○Deerhadbegunpopulatingthemeadowsaroundthefort.
○Deerpopulationsneartheforthadbeendestroyed.
○Cropyieldsintheareaaroundtheforthaddecreased.
7.Whydoestheauthoraskreaderstorecall“thefateoftheColumbianwhite-taileddeer”inthediscussionofchangesinthewildernesslandscape?
○Toprovidesupportfortheideathathabitatdestructionwouldleadtopopulationdecline
○Tocomparehowtwospeciesofdeercausedbioticchangesinthewildernessenvironment
○Toprovideanexampleofaspeciesofdeerthathassuccessfullyadaptedtohumansettlement
○Toarguethatsomedeerspeciesmustbegivenaprotectedstatus
8.Thephrase“indefiniteperiod”inthepassageisclosestinmeaningtoperiod
(1)
○whoseendhasnotbeendetermined
○thatdoesnotbeginwhenexpected
○thatlastsonlybriefly
○whoseimportanceremainsunknown
9.Whichofthefollowingstatementsaboutdeerpopulationsissupportedbytheinformationinparagraph4?
○Deerpopulationsreachedtheirhighestpointduringthe1940sandthenbegantodecline.
(2)
○Theactivitiesofsettlerscontributedinunexpectedwaystothegrowthofsomedeerpopulationsinlatertimes.
○Thecleaningofwildernesslandforconstructioncausedbioticchangesfromwhichtheblack-taileddeerpopulationhasneverrecovered.
○Sincethe1940sthewinterpopulationsofdeerhavefluctuatedmorethanthesummerpopulationshave.
10.Theword“rebound”inthepassageisclosestinmeaningto
(2)
○decline
○recovery
○exchange
○movement
11.Whichofthesentencesbelowbestexpressestheessentialinformationinthehighlightedsentenceinthepassage?
Incorrectchoiceschangethemeaninginimportantwaysorleaveoutessentialinformation.
(2)
○ArthurEinarsen’slongtimefamilywiththePacificNorthwesthelpedhimdiscoverareaswheredeerhadanincreaseinsuitablebrowse.
○ArthurEinarsenfoundthatdeforestedfeedinggroundsprovideddeerwithmoreandbetterfood.
○BiologistlikeEinarsenbelieveitisimportanttofindadditionalopenareaswithsuitablebrowsefordeertoinhabit.
○AccordingtoEinarsen,huckleberryandvinemapleareexamplesofvegetationthatmaysomedayimprovethenutritionofdeerintheopenareasofthePacificNorthwest.
12.WhichofthefollowingisNOTmentionedinparagraph5asafactorthathasincreaseddeerpopulations?
○Areductioninthenumberofpredators
○Restrictionsonhunting
○Theeffectsofloggingandfire
○Lawsthatprotectedfeedinggroundsofdeer
13.Lookatthefoursquares[█]thatindicatewherethefollowingsentencecouldbeaddedtothepassage.
(2)
Therefoodisavailableandaccessiblethroughoutthewinter.
Wherewouldthesentencebestfit?
14.Directions:
Anintroductorysentenceforabriefsummaryofthepassageisprovidedbelow.CompletethesummarybyselectingtheTHREEanswerthatexpressthemostimportantideasinthepassage.Somesentencesdonotbelonginthesummarybecausetheyexpressideasthatnotpresentedinthepassageorareminorideasinthepassage.Thisquestionisworth2points.
DeerinthePugetSoundareaeatawidevarietyoffoodsandmigrateseasonallytofindfood.
●Deerpopulationsnaturally…
●Inthelongterm…
●Althoughitwasbelieved…
AnswerChoices
○ThebalanceofdeerspeciesinthePugetSoundregionhaschangedovertime,withtheColumbianwhite-taileddeernowoutnumberingothertypesofdeer.
○Deerpopulationsnaturallyfluctuate,butearlysettlersinthePugetSoundenvironmentcausedanoveralldeclineinthedeerpopulationsoftheareasatthattime.
○Inthelongterm,black-taileddeerinthePugetSoundareahavebenefittedfromhumanactivitiesthroughtheeliminationoftheirnaturalpredators,andmoreandbetterfoodindeforestedareas.
○BecausePugetSounddeermigrate,itwasandstillremainsdifficulttodetermineaccuratelyhowmanydeerarelivingatanyonetimeinthewesternUnitedStates.
○Althou
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