考研英语一真题及参考答案文档格式.docx
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考研英语一真题及参考答案文档格式.docx
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InaSwissstudy,researcherssprayedoxytocinintothenosesofhalfthesubjects;
thosesubjectswerereadytolendsignificantlyhigheramountsofmoneytostrangersthanweretheir10whoinhaledsomethingelse。
11forus,wealsohaveasixthsensefordishonestythatmay12us。
ACanadianstudyfoundthatchildrenasyoungas14monthscandifferentiate13acrediblepersonandadishonestone。
Sixtytoddlerswereeach14toanadulttesterholdingaplasticcontainer。
Thetesterwouldask,“What’sinhere?
”beforelookingintothecontainer,smiling,andexclaiming,“Wow!
”Eachsubjectwastheninvitedtolook15。
Halfofthemfoundatoy;
theotherhalf16thecontainerwasempty-andrealizedthetesterhad17them。
Amongthechildrenwhohadnotbeentricked,themajoritywere18tocooperatewiththetesterinlearninganewskill,demonstratingthattheytrustedhisleadership。
19,onlyfiveofthe30childrenpairedwiththe“20”testerparticipatedinafollow-upactivity。
1。
[A]on[B]like[C]for[D]from
2。
[A]faith[B]concern[C]attention[D]interest
3。
[A]benefit[B]debt[C]hope[D]price
4。
[A]Therefore[B]Then[C]Instead[D]Again
5。
[A]Until[B]Unless[C]Although[D]When
6。
[A]selects[B]produces[C]applies[D]maintains
7。
[A]consult[B]compete[C]connect[D]compare
8。
[A]at[B]by[C]of[D]to
9。
[A]context[B]mood[C]period[D]circle
10。
[A]counterparts[B]substitutes[C]colleagues[D]supporters
11。
[A]Funny[B]Lucky[C]Odd[D]Ironic
12。
[A]monitor[B]protect[C]surprise[D]delight
13。
[A]between[B]within[C]toward[D]over
14。
[A]transferred[B]added[C]introduced[D]entrusted
15。
[A]out[B]back[C]around[D]inside
16。
[A]discovered[B]proved[C]insisted[D]。
remembered
17。
[A]betrayed[B]wronged[C]fooled[D]mocked
18。
[A]forced[B]willing[C]hesitant[D]entitled
19。
[A]Incontrast[B]Asaresult[C]Onthewhole[D]Forinstance
20。
[A]inflexible[B]incapable[C]unreliable[D]unsuitable
SectionIIReadingComprehension
PartA
Readthefollowingfourtexts。
AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD。
MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET。
(40points)
Text1
Amongtheannoyingchallengesfacingthemiddleclassisonethatwillprobablygounmentionedinthenextpresidentialcampaign:
Whathappenswhentherobotscomefortheirjobs?
Don‘tdismissthatpossibilityentirely。
AbouthalfofU.S。
jobsareathighriskofbeingautomated,accordingtoaUniversityofOxfordstudy,withthemiddleclassdisproportionatelysqueezed。
Lower-incomejobslikegardeningordaycaredon’tappealtorobots。
Butmanymiddle-classoccupations-trucking,financialadvice,softwareengineering—havearousedtheirinterest,orsoonwill。
Therichowntherobots,sotheywillbefine。
Thisisn‘ttobealarmist。
Optimistspointoutthattechnologicalupheavalhasbenefitedworkersinthepast。
TheIndustrialRevolutiondidn’tgosowellforLudditeswhosejobsweredisplacedbymechanizedlooms,butiteventuallyraisedlivingstandardsandcreatedmorejobsthanitdestroyed。
Likewise,automationshouldeventuallyboostproductivity,stimulatedemandbydrivingdownprices,andfreeworkersfromhard,boringwork。
Butinthemediumterm,middle-classworkersmayneedalotofhelpadjusting。
Thefirststep,asErikBrynjolfssonandAndrewMcAfeeargueinTheSecondMachineAge,shouldberethinkingeducationandjobtraining。
Curriculums—fromgrammarschooltocollege-shouldevolvetofocuslessonmemorizingfactsandmoreoncreativityandcomplexcommunication。
Vocationalschoolsshoulddoabetterjoboffosteringproblem-solvingskillsandhelpingstudentsworkalongsiderobots。
Onlineeducationcansupplementthetraditionalkind。
Itcouldmakeextratrainingandinstructionaffordable。
Professionalstryingtoacquirenewskillswillbeabletodosowithoutgoingintodebt。
ThechallengeofcopingwithautomationunderlinestheneedfortheU.S。
toreviveitsfadingbusinessdynamism:
Startingnewcompaniesmustbemadeeasier。
Inpreviouserasofdrastictechnologicalchange,entrepreneurssmoothedthetransitionbydreamingupwaystocombinelaborandmachines。
Thebestusesof3Dprintersandvirtualrealityhaven‘tbeeninventedyet。
TheU.S。
needsthenewcompaniesthatwillinventthem。
Finally,becauseautomationthreatenstowidenthegapbetweencapitalincomeandlaborincome,taxesandthesafetynetwillhavetoberethought。
Taxesonlow-wagelaborneedtobecut,andwagesubsidiessuchastheearnedincometaxcreditshouldbeexpanded:
Thiswouldboostincomes,encouragework,rewardcompaniesforjobcreation,andreduceinequality。
Technologywillimprovesocietyinwaysbigandsmalloverthenextfewyears,yetthiswillbelittlecomforttothosewhofindtheirlivesandcareersupendedbyautomation。
Destroyingthemachinesthatarecomingforourjobswouldbenuts。
Butpoliciestohelpworkersadaptwillbeindispensable。
21.Whowillbemostthreatenedbyautomation?
[A]Leadingpoliticians。
[B]Low-wagelaborers。
[C]Robotowners。
[D]Middle-classworkers。
22。
Whichofthefollowingbestrepresenttheauthor’sview?
[A]Worriesaboutautomationareinfactgroundless。
[B]Optimists‘opinionsonnewtechfindlittlesupport。
[C]Issuesarisingfromautomationneedtobetackled
[D]Negativeconsequencesofnewtechcanbeavoided
23.Educationintheageofautomationshouldputmoreemphasison
[A]creativepotential。
[B]job-huntingskills。
[C]individualneeds。
[D]cooperativespirit。
24.Theauthorsuggeststhattaxpoliciesbeaimedat
[A]encouragingthedevelopmentofautomation。
[B]increasingthereturnoncapitalinvestment。
[C]easingthehostilitybetweenrichandpoor。
[D]preventingtheincomegapfromwidening。
25.Inthistext,theauthorpresentsaproblemwith
[A]opposingviewsonit。
[B]possiblesolutionstoit。
[C]itsalarmingimpacts。
[D]itsmajorvariations。
Text2
AnewsurveybyHarvardUniversityfindsmorethantwo-thirdsofyoungAmericansdisapproveofPresidentTrump’suseofTwitter。
TheimplicationisthatMillennialsprefernewsfromtheWhiteHousetobefilteredthroughothersource,Notapresident’ssocialmediaplatform。
MostAmericansrelyonsocialmediatocheckdailyheadlines。
Yetasdistrusthasrisentowardallmedia,peoplemaybestartingtobeefuptheirmedialiteracyskills。
Suchatrendisbadlyneeded。
Duringthe2016presidentialcampaign,nearlyaquarterofwebcontentsharedbyTwitterusersinthepoliticallycriticalstateofMichiganwasfakenews,accordingtotheUniversityofOxford。
AndasurveyconductedforBuzzFeedNewsfound44percentofFacebookusersrarelyornevertrustnewsfromthemediagiant。
Youngpeoplewhoaredigitalnativesareindeedbecomingmoreskillfulatseparatingfactfromfictionincyberspace。
AKnightFoundationfocus-groupsurveyofyoungpeoplebetweenages14and24foundtheyuse“distributedtrust”toverifystories。
Theycross-checksourcesandprefernewsfromdifferentperspectives—especiallythosethatareopenaboutanybias。
“Manyyoungpeopleassumeagreatdealofpersonalresponsibilityforeducatingthemselvesandactivelyseekingoutopposingviewpoints,”thesurveyconcluded。
Suchactiveresearchcanhaveanothereffect。
A2014surveyconductedinAustralia,Britain,andtheUnitedStatesbytheUniversityofWisconsin-Madisonfoundthatyoungpeople’srelianceonsocialmedialedtogreaterpoliticalengagement。
Socialmediaallowsuserstoexperiencenewseventsmoreintimatelyandimmediatelywhilealsopermittingthemtore-sharenewsasaprojectionoftheirvaluesandinterests。
Thisforcesuserstobemoreconsciousoftheirroleinpassingalonginformation。
AsurveybyBarnaresearchgroupfoundthetopreasongivenbyAmericansforthefakenewsphenomenonis“readererror,”moresothanmade-upstoriesorfactualmistakesinreporting。
Aboutathirdsaytheproblemoffakenewsliesin“misinterpretationorexaggerationofactualnews”viasocialmedia。
Inotherwords,thechoicetosharenewsonsocialmediamaybetheheartoftheissue。
“Thisindicatesthereisarealpersonalresponsibilityincounteractingthisproblem,”saysRoxanneStone,editorinchiefatBarnaGroup。
Sowhenyoungpeoplearecriticalofanover-tweetingpresident,theyrevealamentaldisciplineinthinkingskills–andintheirchoicesonwhentoshareonsocialmedia。
26。
AccordingtotheParagraphs1and2,manyyoungAmericanscastdoubtson
[A]thejustificationofthenews-filteringpractice。
[B]people’spreferenceforsocialmediaplatforms。
[C]theadministrationsabilitytohandleinformation。
[D]socialmediawasareliablesourceofnews。
27。
Thephrase“beerup”(Line2,Para。
2)isclosestinmeaningto
[A]sharpen
[B]define
[C]boast
[D]share
28。
Accordingtotheknightfoundationsurvey,youngpeo
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