版 第2部分 板块2 第3讲 构词法文档格式.docx
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版 第2部分 板块2 第3讲 构词法文档格式.docx
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如:
real→really;
careful→carefully;
polite→politely;
quick→quickly
2.“辅音字母+y”结尾的,将y改为ily。
angry→angrily;
busy→busily;
heavy→heavily
3.以ble结尾的,将ble改为bly。
probable→probably;
possible→possibly
4.个别单词,去掉e再加ly。
true→truly
5.以ic结尾的,加ally。
basic→basically;
energetic→energetically
[名师点津] 有的名词+ly→形容词,如:
friend→friendly;
day→daily
考点二动词/名词变形容词的常见后缀
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1.Heisratherselfish(self)sothatnobodypreferstohaveatalkwithhim.
2.Thegoodworkingconditioninthefactoryisattractive(attract).
3.Heisreliable(rely)soyoucandependonhim.
4.Theyarenervous(nerve)abouttheirfirsttripabroad.
5.Theflowerisharmful(harm)toourhealth.
Ⅱ.单句改错
6.Mostpeoplenowadaysaresobusywiththeirlivesthattheydonothavetimetoenjoyahealthyandbalancediet.balance→balanced
7.(2019·
大庆调研)Idon'
tthinkitareasonpracticeforthemtobehavethatwayinoursociety.reason→reasonable
后缀
例词
able
accept→acceptable可接受的
comfort→comfortable舒适的
fashion→fashionable时髦的
al
music→musical音乐的
origin→original最初的
person→personal个人的;
私人的
ful
doubt→doubtful怀疑的
forget→forgetful健忘的
harm→harmful有害的
ible
access→accessible容易取得的
horror→horrible可怕的;
恐怖的
terror→terrible可怕的
ive
effect→effective有效的;
生效的
attract→attractive有吸引力的
impress→impressive给人深刻印象的
ous
continue→continuous不断的;
持续的
anxiety→anxious忧虑的
curiosity→curious好奇的
some
tire→tiresome令人厌倦的
trouble→troublesome麻烦的
y
taste→tasty美味的;
可口的
health→healthy健康的
wealth→wealthy富裕的;
丰富的
ern
east→eastern东方的;
向东的
ish
child→childish孩子气的
fool→foolish愚蠢的;
可笑的
self→selfish自私的
ic
science→scientific科学的
economy→economic经济的
history→historic历史上著名的
ary
imagine→imaginary想象中的
考点三动词变名词的后缀
1.(2019·
泰安一模)Itisnecessarytohaveaphysicalexamination(examine)everyyear.
2.Annanwillberememberedforhisabilityandhiswarmth(warm).
3.Withouthesitation(hesitate),Idecidedtofollowthemandwedidhavelotsoffunthatday.
4.(2019·
湖北八校联考)Itisaveryeffectivewaytolearnthelanguageandimproveyourpronounce.pronounce→pronunciation
approve→approval赞成;
批准
arrive→arrival到来;
到达
survive→survival幸存
ance
ence
appear→appearance出现;
外貌
perform→performance表演;
节目
exist→existence存在;
生存
prefer→preference偏爱
ion
tion
ation
compete→competition比赛;
竞争
invite→invitation邀请;
请柬
explain→explanation解释
(ss)ion
discuss→discussion讨论;
辩论
decide→decision决定
admit→admission接纳;
准许入学
ing
hear→hearing听力;
听觉
begin→beginning开始
ment
achieve→achievement功绩;
成就
argue→argument辩论;
论据
treat→treatment对待;
治疗
ure
ture
fail→failure失败;
没做到
press→pressure压力
mix→mixture混合;
混合物
recover→recovery恢复;
痊愈
discover→discovery发现
其他
choose→choice选择
vary→variety多样化;
种类
tend→tendency趋向;
趋势
考点四形容词变名词的后缀
1.I'
mdoingTom'
sjobinhisabsence(absent).
2.Howmuchisthepostage(post)forthepackage.
3.Hehastheability(able)todothejob.
山师大附中月考)Wefearthatwedonothavethestrongandcouragetofacethetruthofoursituation.strong→strength
age
short→shortage不足;
短缺
cy
efficient→efficiency效率;
功效
fluent→fluency流利;
流畅
private→privacy隐私;
私密
dom
free→freedom自由;
自在
wise→wisdom明智;
智慧
ce
different→difference差异
silent→silence沉默
ness
weak→weakness虚弱;
弱点
kind→kindness仁慈;
好意
careless→carelessness粗心大意
th
grow→growth成长;
发展
strong→strength力气;
强项
warm→warmth温暖;
热情
ty
ity
safe→safety安全
disable→disability无能;
伤残
responsible→responsibility责任
考点五表示人的后缀
1.Thefamousactress(act)isdancingwithherfans.
2.Weshouldrespecteveryone,evenabeggar(beg).
3.Mybossisnothere.Doyouliketospeaktooneofhisassistants(assist)?
er
teach→teacher老师
village→villager村民
strange→stranger陌生人
(注:
cook→cooker炉灶,炉具)
ar
lie→liar说谎者
ee
employ→employee受雇者;
雇员
interview→interviewee被面试者
train→trainee受训练的人;
学员
or
invent→inventor发明家
act→actor男演员
educate→educator教育家;
教师
ess
act→actress女演员
god→goddess女神
host→hostess女主人;
女主持人
ese
China→Chinese中国人
Japan→Japanese日本人
n
America→American美国人
Australia→Australian澳洲人
ian
music→musician音乐家
history→historian历史学家
politics→politician政治家;
政客
ist
novel→novelist小说家
special→specialist专家
tour→tourist旅行者;
观光者
ant
serve→servant仆人
participate→participant参加者
assist→assistant助手;
图书管理员
考点六表示否定或相反意义的前缀和后缀
青岛一模)Astheycouldn'
tplayoutdoors,theywereunhappy(happy),andsomeevengotintofightsfromtimetotime.
2.Peopleonwelfarearewronglyseenaslazyordishonest(honest).
3.Informal(formal)clothesaresuitableforwearingathomeorinordinarysituations.
张掖月考)IknowasanexcellentguideIshouldmakeyourjourneyinterestingandmeaningless.meaningless→meaningful
前/后缀
前缀
dis
agree→disagree不同意
advantage→disadvantage缺点
il
legal→illegal不合法的
logical→illogical不合逻辑的
im
polite→impolite无礼的
patient→impatient不耐烦的
in
formal→informal非正式的
convenient→inconvenient不方便的
ir
regular→irregular不规则的
responsible→irresponsible不负责任的
mis
lead→mislead误导
understand→misunderstand误解
non
nonsmoker不吸烟者
nonstop直达的
un
usual→unusual不寻常的
willing→unwilling不愿意的
less
hope→hopeless绝望的
end→endless没完没了的
考点七变动词的前缀和后缀
1.Travellingabroadcanbroaden(broad)ourhorizons.
2.Thecleverboyhastheabilitytosimplify(simple)thatdullstory.
3.Heeventuallyrealized(real)hisambitiontobecomeascientist.
en
able→enable使能够
large→enlarge扩大
rich→enrich使充实
broad→broaden(使)变宽
ripe→ripen(使)成熟
sharp→sharpen使尖锐
wide→widen加宽
ify
class→classify把……分类
just→justify证明……正确
simple→simplify简化
ize
apology→apologize道歉
emphasis→emphasize强调
考点八ed形容词和ing形容词
1.Thefrighteningshoutfrightenedtheboys.
=Theshoutwasfrighteningandtheboysfeltfrightened.
(frighten)
2.Hissurprisedlooksuggestedthatheknewnothingaboutit.(surprise)
3.Thestorysoundsinterestingandweareinterestedinthestory.(interest)
一些动词,如excite,disappoint,encourage,puzzle,surprise,confuse,interest,satisfy,please,shock,astonish,disturb,bore等,其现在分词(ing)和过去分词(ed)都能转化为形容词。
Thestorywasverymovingandweweredeeplymoved.这个故事非常感人,我们都被深深地感动了。
[易错提示] 此类形容词作定语修饰表情和声音时,动词的ing形式和动词的ed的区别:
动词的ing形式用来说明主语的特性,表示该表情或声音令人怎么样,因此译作“令人……的”;
动词的ed形式用来说明发出该表情或声音的人所处的一种状态。
1.Fortunately(fortunate),Natalie'
sfamilyescapedtoBrooklynshortlybeforethecity'
sbridgeclosed.
2.It'
sstillausefulandpleasantformofcommunication(communicate).
3.Itisnotsurprising(surprise)thatyoungpeoplearelikelytoburstout,particularlywhentherearereasonstodoso.
4.Chinesescientistsrecently(recent)hadachancetostudyawildfemalepandawithanewbornbaby.
5.Thecollegeyearsaresupposedtobeatimeforimportantgrowth(grow)inautonomy(自主性)andthedevelopmentofadultidentity.
6.Someschoolswillhavetomakeadjustments(adjust)inagreementwiththenationalsoccerreform.
7.Weshouldseefailure(fail)asarequirementformovingtowardsourgoals.
8.Youcanliveamorepowerful(power)lifewhenyoudevotesomeofyourtimeandenergytosomethingmuchlargerthanyourself.
9.Antsaregatheringtheirwinterfoodinthemiddleofsummerandmakepreparations(prepare)forthelongcoldwinter.
10.Itisdangerous(danger)forawomantowalkaloneatnight.
1.Witheachshovelofdirtwhichhithisback,thedonkeywasdoingsomethingamazed.amazed→amazing
2.Inthelaboratory,chimpsdon'
tnaturallysharefoodeither.Humanchildren,ontheotherhand,areextremelycooperate.cooperate→cooperative
兰州模拟)Whenwefelthunger,wewentoutandhadlunch.hunger→hungry
4.Thefruitsaresmallinsize,butjuicyandtaste.taste→tasty
5.Theyaretruegoodbirdsthatarewortheveryeffortweputintorecoveringthem.true→truly
Ⅰ.语法填空
Onthefirstdayofherwork,Sallyfoundthataclassfullofproblemswaswaitingforher.Shewastoldsixteachers1.________(quit)beforeher.Whenshewalkedintotheclassroom,itwaschaos:
twoboyswerefightinginacorner,yet2.________restoftheclassseemednottonoticethem;
somegirlswerechattingandsomewererunningaboutwithpaper,foodpackagesandothergarbage3.________(leave)everywhere.
Sallywalkedontotheplatform,4.________(pick)upapieceofchalkandwroteontheblackboard:
“Rule1:
Wearefamily!
”Allstudentsstopped5.________(look)ather.AndshecontinuedwithRule2,Rule3...Inthefollowingweeks,Sallyworkedout10classrulesandpostedthem6.________thewallsoftheclassroom.Shepatientlyexplainedalltherulestothestudentsandrequiredeveryonetofollowthem.
7.________(surpri
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