届山西三区八所重点中学高二第二次适应性考试英语有解析Word文档格式.docx

届山西三区八所重点中学高二第二次适应性考试英语有解析Word文档格式.docx

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veryimpressivework"

RobertBoydtoldScienceNews.Anoptical（光学的）physicistattheUniversityofRochesterinNewYork,hedidnotworkonthestudy.Hespeaksofthenewfinding:

"

It’sthesortofthingthat’ssoobvious;

youwonderwhyyoudidn’tthinkofitfirst."

Lighttravelsasparticlesandaswaves.Photons（光子）arethenamegiventothoseparticlesthatrepresentthesmallestpossibleamountoflight.Attheirfastest,photonstravelnearly300millionmeters（almost1billionfeet）inasinglesecond.That’sfastenoughtogettothemoonandbackinabout2.6seconds.Scientistshadlongknown,though,thattheycouldslowlightphotonsdownbyshiningthemthroughamaterialsuchasglassorwater.

Still,lightmovingthroughavacuumhasusuallybeenassumedtomoveatapeakspeed.Thatwouldseemtomakesense.Afterall,avacuumisaspacewithnothinginittoslowlightdown.Inanewstudy,however,scientistsshowthatevenracingthroughavacuum,lightcanslow.

Sothespeedoflightismoreofauniversalspeedlimitthananabsoluteruleforhowfastphotonstravel,thenewdatasuggest.

MilesPadgettledthenewstudy.Asanopticalphysicist,heworksattheUniversityofGlasgowinScotland.Heandhiscolleaguesshowedthatthekeytoslowinglightistochangetheshapeofalightwave.PadgettdescribedhowtheydidthisinapaperpublishedonlineJanuary22inScience.

Histeamracedapairofphotons.Onetraveledunchangedthroughacablemadefromopticalfibers.Theotherpassedthroughapairofdevicesthatactedlikelenses.Alenschangeslight:

Itcanfocusaspread-outbeamoflightonapoint,forinstance.Thesecondphotonpassedthroughonedevicethatchangedtheshapeofitswaveandanotherthatchangeditbacktoitsoriginalform.

Thefirstphotonwontherace.Thesecondphotoncameinatinybitlater,severalquadrillionths（千万亿分之一）ofasecondlateforeverymeteroftherace.Thedifferencewasn’thuge,butitwasenoughtomeasure.Mosttechnologywouldnotpickupsuchasmallchange,butitcouldbeimportanttoscientistswhostudyshortpulsesoflight.

"

I’mnotsurprisedtheeffectexists,"

BoydtoldScienceNews."

Butit’ssurprisingthattheeffectissolargeandstrong."

1、Whatcanwelearnfromthefirsttwoparagraphs?

A.RobertBoydfirstslowedthespeedoflightdown.

B.Thenewexperimentsarenotconvincing.

C.Thenewfindingisstrikingandamazing.

D.Thespeedoflightisalwaysunchanged.

2、WhatdoesthestudyledbyMilesPadgettmainlysuggest?

A.Lighttravelsfastestthroughavacuum.

B.There’saminimumlimittothespeedoflight.

C.Deviceslikelensesslowdownthespeedoflight.

D.Lightphotonscan’ttravelthroughlenseseasily.

3、Themostimportantfactorinchangingthespeedoflightistotransform_____.

A.theshapeofalightwave

B.thelengthofalightwave

C.thedirectionofaphoton

D.thestructureofaphoton

4、Thepassagemainlytells______.

A.lighttravelsslowestthroughalens

B.lightcanbesloweddowninavacuum

C.whytheshapeofalightwavecanbechanged

D.whatopticalresearchlookslikecurrently

[B]

Tenyearsago,Dalla-Caminaworked16to18hoursadayand"

literallylivedonaplane"

.AseniorexecutiveatIBM,Dalla-Caminagaveupherjobhandlinga$50millionbudgetasheadofmarketingtofigureoutalifestylethatdidn’tmakeherfeellikeshewasdrowning.Forgettheidealof"

havingitall"

.Despiteworkingforacompanythatgaveherflexibilitywithherschedule,thesinglemotherwasbarelysurviving.

Dalla-Caminahadasensethatshewasn’talone.Hernewstudynowprovesit.TheAustraliannativepolled1,000Americanworkingwomenaged18to55andtheresultsarediscouraging.Roughly70%ofwomendon’tbelievetheyhavethesupporttomakethemselveshappyinsideandoutsideofworkand75%don’tbelievetheycan"

haveitall"

.Infact,overhalfofrespondentsdescribedtheirlifeinthepastyearas"

hangingonbyathread"

.What’smoreisthattheresultsarehardlyaffectedbyageorwhetherawomanhadchildrenornot.

Thefactthatwearehavingdiscussionsaboutleaninginwhenwomenaresayingtheyarebarelysurvivingisastonishing,"

Dalla-Caminasays."

Therearesomanywomenwhothinkthatiftheykeeptheirheaddownandcontinueworkinghard,someonewillnoticeandopportunitieswillcometothem."

Dalla-Camina’sstudypointstoaseveregapbetweenwhatworkingprofessionalsneedfromtheiremployersandwhatemployersareproviding.ArecentBostonCollegestudydiscoveredthatworkplaceflexibilityisdecreasingandlessthanone-thirdofemployersfelttheygaveoptionsforemployeestohavealternativeworkmodels.Evenifacompanyoffersflexibleworkarrangementstoemployees,70%ofwomenthinkit’snotpossibletobesuccessfulinworkandhome.

Toomanycompaniesarestuckinaface-to-faceemployeemodelasopposedtoanoutcome-basedmodel,saysDalla-Camina.Untilalternativeworkplanslikeworkingpart-timeorworkingfromhomebecomerootedintheDNAofcorporateAmerica—asopposedtobeingviewedasspecialtreatment—nothingwillchange,sheadds.

JodyMiller,CEOoftheconsultingfirmBusinessTalentGroup（BTG）,washardlysurprisedbyDalla-Camina’sfindings.Millerseesfirsthandthebenefitsofbuildingacompanythatthinksaboutworkdifferently.AtBTG,halftheemployeesworkfromhome,sothereisnoshameorpunishmentfornotgettinginfacetimewiththeboss;

indeed,employeesarerewardedforthequalityoftheirwork,nottheamountoftimespentontasks.Andamajorityoftheemployeesarepart-timersandworkinaproject-basedmodel.Productivityhas"

gonethroughtheroof"

sinceBTGimproveditsuniqueworkenvironment,accordingtoMiller.But"

tellingworkersto‘leanin’isjusttinkeringatthemargins,"

saidMiller."

Weneedfundamentalstructuralchangesintheworkplacetomakeitmanageableforallworkers."

5．FromthefirstparagraphwecanseeDalla-Camina_______.

A.onceworkedinanairlinecompany

B.earnedasalaryof$50millionatIBM

C.workedflexiblehoursinthecompany

D.hadallshewantedbeforeleavingthecompany

6．Theexpectationsofwomenprofessionalsarehardtomeetinthat_______.

A.thelife-workbalanceisdifficulttoachieve

B.mostemployershaveprejudiceagainstthem

C.theoldworkmodelisrootedinmanycompanies

D.manyemployerscan’tspotthegreatpotentialofthem

7．WhichofthefollowingmaybecontrarytoDalla-Camina’sopinion?

A.Whatemployersdoforwomenisfarfromenough.

B.Mostoftheprofessionalwomenarestrugglingtosurvive.

C.Manywomentryinvaintogettheirdesiredopportunities.

D.Itshouldbeaprivilegeforwomentohavealternativeworkplans.

8．Itcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraphthat_________.

A.employeesatBTGdon’tspendtoomuchtimeontasks

B.BTGonlyallowswomenprofessionalstoworkfromhome

C.itwon’tbelongbeforeemployersfollowBTG’sworkmodel

D.BTGattachesmoreimportancetotheoutcomethantheprocess

[C]

Ladybugcelebrateditstwenty-fifthanniversarythismonth.Fortwenty-fiveyears,themagazinehasbeentryingtoreflecttheworldofyoungchildren—andmakeitalittlebroader—throughstories,poetry,art,andvariousactivities.

Eachissueofthismagazineencourageskidstotakeacloserlookatthepeopleandplacesaroundthem.Ladybuginviteschildrentobringtheirwholeselves—theiracuteearforlanguageandkeeneyeforillustrations（插图）,aswellastheirwonderfulsenseofplayandgreatpowerofimagination—whentheysitdownandstarttoputtheirheartintoreading.

ThesignificanceofLadybug’slonghistoryisclearesttome,amanwhoisinchargeoftheeditionofthismagazine,whenItalktoparentsofchildrenwhohavegrownup.Theyoftenrespondwithsurprise:

Ladybug?

Withthepoems,andthestories,andthecraftstocutout,whatwillyoudonext?

Weusedtoreadthatmagazinewhenthekidswerelittle."

Andthenthereisamomentofsilence,asifthefatherissearchingforaparticularpoem,orthemotherisrememberingthefeelofarestlesschild’sheadwhenitfinallysettledagainsthershoulder.Itisagreatpleasuretocontributetoamagazinethatfamilieshaveputintheirmemory.

Someanniversariesareformal,butatLadybug,weapproachedtheSeptemberissueasifithadbeenabirthdayparty.Itisfulloflivelycompany,jokes,music,storiesandpoemsthatcelebratespecialdaysandgrowingup.

Inthisspirit,weofferoneofourfavoritebirthdaystories,"

BigBearandSkinnyRabbit"

fromanissuethatcameoutafewyearsago.Itispartofaseriesabouttwofriendswhocouldn’tbemoredifferentintemperament（气质）,yetmoreperfectforoneanother.

9．Whatdoestheauthorprobablydoaccordingtothepassage?

A.Abusinessman.

B.Aneditor.

C.Aprofessor.

D.Anartist.

10．Whatdoesthethirdparagraphmainlytalkabout?

A.ManychildrenfallasleepwiththestoriesinLadybugbeingread.

B.MorecontentsareexpectedtobecontainedinLadybug.

C.MostparentsworryaboutthedevelopmentofLadybug.

D.ManyparentscanrememberLadybugwithaffection.

11．Whatwillprobablybetalkedaboutfollowingthelastparagraph?

A.Astorypublishedbefore.

B.ThenewissueofLadybug.

C.Acollectionofpoems.

D.AnintroductionofLadybug’sbirthday.

[D]

WhenmybrotherandIwereyoung,mymomwouldtakeusonTransportationDays.

Itgoeslikethis:

Youcan’ttakeanymeansoftransportationmorethanonce.Wewouldst