高考英语句子成分与句子结构专项讲解Word文档下载推荐.docx
- 文档编号:20408695
- 上传时间:2023-01-22
- 格式:DOCX
- 页数:20
- 大小:28.36KB
高考英语句子成分与句子结构专项讲解Word文档下载推荐.docx
《高考英语句子成分与句子结构专项讲解Word文档下载推荐.docx》由会员分享,可在线阅读,更多相关《高考英语句子成分与句子结构专项讲解Word文档下载推荐.docx(20页珍藏版)》请在冰豆网上搜索。
说明主语“做什么”、“是什么”或“怎么样”,谓语必须是动词,一般放在主语后面。
谓语有人称、数和时态的变化。
谓语动词构成:
1)简单动词(及动词短语)
(时态+语态变化)
2)复合动词:
①情态动词+动词原形
②助动词+动词原形
Hisfathergaveupsmoking.
Helooksaftertwochildren.
Thetwinsdoesn’tlookthesame.
Theyareplayingagame.
Ihavetriedthiswaythreetimesandfailedthreetimes.
Hecanswim.
表语
用来说明主语的特征、属性、状态、身份等;
说明主语“是什么”或“怎么样”,由名词、形容词、介词、副词、介词短语、非谓语及从句来充当,它的位置在系动词后面。
※※
除了系动词be外,还有些能做系动词的实义动词,也称为半系动词,其后也要接形容词做表语:
come,go,run,turn,get,become,fall,keep,stay,make(表变化的动词)
feel,sound,smell,look,taste,touch(感观动词)seem,appear(似乎,好像)
名词、
代词、
数词、
形容词、
副词、
介词短语、
表语从句、
非谓语(现在分词)
非谓语(过去分词)
Mycousinisalawyer.(名词)
Thepairofshoesishers.(代词)
Shewasthesecondtojointhepartyinourclass.
Heisbusynow.
Classwasoveratlastafterthelongspeech.
Myschoolisamongmountains.(介词短语)
ThisiswhereIfirstmether.
Toadoctor,themostimportantthingistosavelives.(不定式)
Herjobistrainingthenurses.
Thenewsisexciting.(现在分词)
Iaminterestedinthephoto.(过去分词)
宾语
表示动作、行为的对象。
由名词、数词、代词、非谓语(不定式&
动名词)或从句来充当,它和谓语动词一起说明主语是什么,通常放在谓语动词后面。
有时,会有双宾语。
非谓语(动名词)、非谓语(不定式)、
宾语从句
单宾语,
双宾语:
直接宾语(物)+间接宾语(人)
复合宾语
(宾语+补足语)
Ihadnoodlesforbreakfast.(名词)
IreceivedtenbeforeChristmasandtherestofthepostcardswerelate.(数词)
Mr.Zhanginvitedustotheclub.(代词宾格)
TheAmericansenjoyedlivinginChina.
Helikestosleepintheopenair.
Ibelievethattheycanfinishtheworkintime.
HeleftShanghailastweek.
Heplayedus(间接宾语)somenicemusic(直接宾语).
※间接宾语可以放在直接宾语后面,但必须加to或for。
Helentsomemoneytome.
Iwillgetthecomputer(宾语)repaired(补足语)tomorrow.
补足语
有些动词除需要宾语外,还需要宾语补足语,句子意义才能完整。
我们把“宾语+宾语补足语”合起来称为复合宾语。
复合宾语所表达的意思相当于一个句子的意思。
名词、动词、形容词、副词、介词短语、非谓语(不定式、现在分词、过去分词)都可以作宾语补足语。
从句
Ifyouletmego,I’llmakeyouking.(名词作宾补)
Wemustkeeptheclassroomclean.(形容词作宾补)
WefoundLiMingoutwhenwearrived.
Makeyourselfathome.
Isawagirlgointothebuilding.(省略to的不定式作宾补)
Theboyorderedthedogtoliedown.(带to的不定式作宾补)
Thebosskeepthemworkingalltheday.
Iheardmynamecalled.
Mr.Lihasmadethefactorywhatitistoday.
▲含有宾语补足语的句子变为被动句时,宾语补足语便成了主语补足语。
Mothermadehimstayathome.(主动语态,不定式做宾补)
Hewasmadetostayathomebyhismother.(被动语态,不定式做主语补足语)
定语
定语用来修饰名词或代词。
形容词、代词、数词、名词、介词短语、不定式或相当于形容词的词或短语等都可以充当定语。
因为它是修饰名词或代词的,而名词和代词可以作主语、表语或宾语,所以定语的位置很灵活,凡是有名词、代词的地方都可以有定语。
分为前置定语和后置定语。
前置定语:
名词所有格
非谓语(动名词)、
非谓语(现在分词)、
非谓语(过去分词)、
后置定语:
修饰不定代词
定语从句、
非谓语(不定式)、
非谓语(现在分词短语)、
非谓语(过去分词短语)、
Ihadagoodtimeinthepark.(形容词)
Thisishisbag.(代词)
Shecutthecakeintotwopieces.(数词)
Thisisastonetableandhardenoughtoholdthegoods.(名词)
DoyouknowBetty’sister?
(所有格)
Putthechildinthesleepingbag.(动名词)
asleepingchild正在睡的小孩
aretiredworker一个退休工人
Ifyoudon’tknowtheanswer,asksomeoneelse.
theroomabove楼上的房间
Thebookonthedeskismine.(介词短语)
Thepersonwhostandsatthegateismymother.(定语从句)
Doyouhaveanythingtodrink?
(不定式)
Themodelplaneflyingintheskyismadebyhim.(分词短语)
Thecarparkedoutsideismine.
状语
状语常用来修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子。
可表:
时间、地点、方式、目的、原因、结果等。
由副词、介词短语、非谓语(不定式、分词)状语从句担当。
副词
介词短语
状语从句(条件)
状语从句(时间)
Fortunately,hewassavedbyasailor.(副词)
Theoldladysitsinfrontofthehouse.(介词短语)
Ifitsnows,we’llmakeasnowman.(从句)
WhenIwasyoung,Icouldswimwell.(从句)
Hisexplanationwasdifficulttounderstand.(不定式)
Comingoutoftheroom,hefoundamanhidinginthegarden.
Wounded,thebravesoldiercontinuedtofight.
2、专题详解
SentenceStructure句子成分
同位语
一个名词或其它形式,跟在另一个名词或代词后并对其进行解释、说明或限定,这个名词或其它形式就是同位语。
同位语通常放在其说明的名词(代词)之后。
同位关系紧密时不用逗点隔开;
同位语只作补充解释时可用逗点隔开。
同位语常由名词、代词、数词、从句等担任。
of短语用作同位语
Wehavetwoforeignteachers,anEnglishandaFrenchman.(名词)
Youeachhaveachancetogotocollege.(代词)
Heistheoldestamongthemfour.
Thenewsthatwe’rehavingaholidaytomorrowistrue.(从句)
ThecityofRome罗马城
theartofwriting写作艺术
Theirlatestproposal,toconcentrateonprimaryeducation,hasmetwithsomeopposition.
Thefirstplan,attackingatnight,wasturneddown.
YesterdayImetTom,afriendofmybrother'
s.(补充解释)
Mr.Johnsoncaresforusstudentsverymuch.(关系密切)
练习
练习1指出下列句中主语的中心词
①Theteacherwithtwoofhisstudentsiswalkingintotheclassroom.
②Thereisanoldmancominghere.
③Theusefuldictionarywasgivenbymymotherlastyear.
④Todotoday'
shomeworkwithouttheteacher'
shelpisverydifficult.
(一)①teacher②man③dictionary④Todo
练习2选出句中谓语的中心词
①Idon'
tlikethepictureonthewall.
A.don'
tB.likeC.pictureD.wall
②Thedaysgetlongerandlongerwhensummercomes.
A.getB.longerC.daysD.summer
③Doyouusuallygotoschoolbybus?
A.DoB.usuallyC.goD.bus
④Therewillbeameetingatthelibrarythisafternoon.
A.willbeB.meetingC.thelibraryD.afternoon
⑤Didthetwinshaveporridgefortheirbreakfast?
A.DidB.twinsC.haveD.breakfast
⑥Tomdidn'
tdohishomeworkyesterday.
A.TomB.didn'
tC.doD.hishomework
⑦WhatIwanttotellyouisthis.
A.wantB.totellC.youD.is
⑧Wehadbettersendforadoctor.
A.WeB.hadC.sendD.doctor
⑨Heisinterestedinmusic.
A.isB.interestedC.inD.music
⑩Whomdidyougivemybookto?
A.giveB.didC.whomD.book
(二)①B②A③C④A⑤C⑥C⑦D⑧C⑨A⑩A
练习3挑出下列句中的表语
①Theoldmanwasfeelingverytired.
②WhyisheworriedaboutJim?
③Theleaveshaveturnedyellow.
④SoonTheyallbecameinterestedinthesubject.
⑤Shewasthefirsttolearnaboutit.
①tired②worried③yellow④interested⑤thefirst
练习4挑出下列句中的定语
①TheyuseMr.Mrs.withthefamilyname.
②Whatisyourgivenname?
③OnthethirdlapareClass1andClass3.
④Iamafraidsomepeopleforgottosweepthefloor.
⑤Themandownstairswastryingtosleep.
⑥Iamwaitingforthesoundoftheothershoe!
①withthefamilyname②given③third④afraid⑤downstairs⑥oftheothershoe
练习5挑出下列句中的宾语
①Mybrotherhasn'
tdonehishomework.
②PeopleallovertheworldspeakEnglish.
③Youmustpaygoodattentiontoyourpronunciation.
④Howmanynewwordsdidyoulearnlastclass?
⑤Someofthestudentsintheschoolwanttogoswimming,howaboutyou?
⑥Theoldmansittingatthegatesaidhewasill.
⑦Theymadehimmonitoroftheclass.
⑧Goacrossthebridgeandyouwillfindthemuseumontheleft.
⑨Youwillfinditusefulafteryouleaveschool.
⑩Theydidn'
tknowwho"
FatherChristmas"
reallyis.
⑾ShealwaysthinksofhowshecanimproveherspokenEnglish.
⑿Alisaissorryforwhatshesaid.
1hishomework②English③goodattention,yourpronunciation④newwords⑤togo⑥hewasill
⑦him⑧thebridge;
themuseum⑨it⑩who"
reallyis.⑾howshecanimproveherspokenEnglish⑿whatshesaid
练习6挑出下列句中的宾语补足语
①Shelikesthechildrentoreadnewspapersandbooksinthereading-room.
②Heaskedhertotaketheboyoutofschool.
③Shefounditdifficulttodothework.
④TheycallmeLilysometimes.
⑤IsawMr.Wanggetonthebus.
6DidyouseeLiMingplayingfootballontheplaygroundjustnow?
①toread②totake③difficult④Lily⑤geton⑥playing
练习7挑出下列句中的状语
1Therewasabigsmileonherface.
2Everynightheheardthenoiseupstairs.
③HebegantolearnEnglishwhenhewaseleven.
④Themanonthemotorbikewastravellingtoofast.
⑤Withthemedicineboxunderherarm,MissLihurriedoff.
⑥Shelovesthelibrarybecauseshelovesbooks.
7Iamafraidthatifyou'
velostit,youmustpayforit.
8ThestudentsfollowedUncleWangtoseetheothermachine.
1Onherface②everynight③whenhewaseleven④toofast⑤Withthemedicineboxunderherarm⑥becauseshelovesbooks⑦ifyou'
velostit,⑧toseetheothermachine
练习8划出句中的直接宾语和间接宾语
①Pleasetellusastory.
②Myfatherboughtanewbikeformelastweek.
③Mr.Liisgoingtoteachushistorynextterm.
④Hereisapen.GiveittoTom.
⑤Didheleaveanymessageforme?
⑥Hetoldusonceagainthatthesituationwasserious.
(八)①us,间接宾语astory,直接宾语
②me,间接宾语anewbike,直接宾语③us,间接宾语history,直接宾语
④Tom,间接宾语it,直接宾语⑤me,间接宾语message,直接宾语
⑥us间接宾语;
thatthesituationwasserious直接宾语
练习9指出下列句子划线部分是什么句子成分:
1.Thestudentsgotontheschoolbus.
2.Hehandedmethenewspaper.
3.Ishallansweryourquestionafterclass.
4.WhatabeautifulChinesepainting!
5.Theywenthuntingtogetherearlyinthemorning.
6.Hisjobistotrainswimmers.
7.HetookmanyphotosofthepalacesinBeijing.
8.ThereisgoingtobeanAmericanfilmtonight.
9.HeistoleaveforShanghaitomorrow.
10.Hiswishistobecomeascientist.
11.Hemanagedtofinishtheworkintime.
12.Tomcametoaskmeforadvice.
13.Ihavenoideawhenhewasborn.
14.Idon’tknowthetimewhenhewasborn.
1、主语,定语;
2、间接宾语;
3、谓语,状语;
4、定语;
5、状
- 配套讲稿:
如PPT文件的首页显示word图标,表示该PPT已包含配套word讲稿。双击word图标可打开word文档。
- 特殊限制:
部分文档作品中含有的国旗、国徽等图片,仅作为作品整体效果示例展示,禁止商用。设计者仅对作品中独创性部分享有著作权。
- 关 键 词:
- 高考 英语 句子成分 句子 结构 专项 讲解