必修三语法总结及练习ZZHWord文档下载推荐.docx
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必修三语法总结及练习ZZHWord文档下载推荐.docx
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Thebabyshouldbetakengoodcareofbythebaby-sitter.
2、双宾语 Hismothergavehimapresent.
Hewasgivenapresentbyhismother.
Apresentwasgiventohimbyhismother.
3、“动词+宾语+宾语补足语”结构,将宾语变为被动结构中的主语,其余不动
Someonecaughttheboysmokingacigarette.---Theboywascaughtsmokingacigarette.
4、在使役动词have,make,get以及感官动词see,watch,notice,hear,feel,observe加省略to的不定式作宾语补语变被动结构时,要加to
Someonesawastrangerwalkintothebuilding.
Astrangerwasseentowalkintothebuilding.
Teachermademestudyhard------Iwasmadetostudyhard.
5、表示“据说”或“相信”的动词believe,consider,expect,report,say,suppose,think可以用于句型“It+be+过去分词+that从句”“主语+be+过去分词+todosth.”
Itissaidthat…据说,Itisreportedthat…据报道Itiswellknownthat…众所周知
Itisthoughtthat…大家认为,Itisbelievedthat…大家相信Itissuggestedthat…据建议
例:
NewspaperreportedthatJimpassedtheexam.变为被动
---ItisreportedthatJimpassedtheexam=Jimisreportedtohavepassedtheexam.
四、主动表被动用法
1、need,want,require+doing
need,want,require+tobedone
Thehouseneedsrepairing(toberepaired).
2、beworthdoing=beworthytobedone
Thepicture-bookiswellworthreading.=Thepicture-bookisworthytoberead.表
3、表示感受、感官的系动词feel,sound,taste,look,feel主动形式表示被动意义。
Yourreasonsoundsreasonable.Thefoodtastesgood.
4、break,catch,clean,drive,lock,open,sell,read,write,wash等,当它们被用作不及物动词来描述主语特征时,常用其主动形式表达被动意义,主语通常是物。
例Thiskindofclothwasheswell.
主动语态表被动强调的是主语的特征,而被动语态则强调外界作用造成的影响。
比较:
Thedoorwon'
tlock.(指门本身有毛病)
tbelocked.(指不会有人来锁门)
5、“发生、进行”的不及物动词和短语,如:
happen,last,takeplace,breakout,comeout,comeabout,cometrue,runout,等以主动形式表示被动意义。
Howdothenewspaperscomeout?
6、形容词作表语,后接todo不定式,主动表被动
Englishisdifficulttolearn
7、分析此句式Ihavealotofhomeworktodo.
Iwanttotypemypaper.Doyouhaveanytobetype?
练习:
一、将主动语态的句子转化为被动语态
1.Heboughtmemanybooks.
2.WeoftenspeakEnglishinclass.
3.Theyhavepaintedtheirboatwhite.
4.Heisreadinganarticle.
5.Theyhadputoutthefirebeforethefirebrigadearrived.
6.Iwillbuyabook.
7.Wesawherenteringtheroom.
8.Wefoundeverythinginthelabingoodorder.
9.Henoticedamanentertheroom.
10.Auntmademeanewdress.
二、单选
1.Ifcitynoises____fromincreasing,people____shouttobeheardevenatdinner.
A.arenotkept;
willhaveto
B.arenotkept;
have
C.donotkeep;
willhaveto
D.donotkeep;
haveto
2.Thefifthgenerationcomputers,withartificialintelligence,are____andperfectednow.
A.developed
B.havedeveloped
C.arebeingdeveloped
D.willhavebeendeveloped
3.—____thesportsmeetmightbeputoff.
—Yes,italldependsontheweather.
A.I’vebeentold
B.I’vetold
C.I’mtold
D.Itold
4.Ineedonemorestampbeforemycollection___.
A.hascompleted
B.completes
C.hasbeencompleted
D.iscompleted
5.Rainforests___andburnedatsuchaspeedthattheywilldisappearfromtheearthinthenearfuture.
A.cut
B.arecut C.arebeingcut
D.hadbeencut
6.Thenewsuspensionbridge___bytheendoflastmonth.
A.hasbeendesigned
B.hadbeendesigned
C.wasdesigned
D.wouldbedesigned
7.Whenapencilispartlyinaglassofwater,itlooksasifit____.
A.breaks
B.hasbroken
C.wasbroken
D.hadbeenbroken
8.Greatchanges___inthecity,andalotoffactories___.
A.havebeentakenplace;
havebeensetup
B.havetakenplace;
C.havetakenplace;
havesetup
D.weretakenplace;
weresetup
9.Thatsuit__over60dollars.
A.hadcosted
B.costed
C.iscosted
D.cost
10.—Look!
Everythinghereisunderconstruction.
—What’stheprettysmallhousethat__for?
A.isbeingbuilt
B.hasbeenbuilt
C.isbuilt
D.isbuilding
主谓一致
一、语法上的一致
一个句子的主语是单数时,谓语动词也应是单数形式,主语是复数,谓语动词也用复数形式。
LearningEnglishisveryimportant.学习英语是很重要的。
BothBobandTomaremyfriends.
但如果并列的主语指的是同一个人,同一类物,谓语动词要用单数形式。
例如:
Asingeranddancerisgoingtoattendourmeeting.
由and连接的并列单数主语前,如果分别有each,every等修饰时,谓语要用单数。
Everyboyandeverygirlwasgivenapresent.
Eachwordandeachphraseinthedictionaryisimportant.
由manya,morethanone加上名词构成主语时,谓语动词用单数。
Manyapersonhasreadthenovel.
Morethanonestudenthasfailedinthetest.
二、意义上的一致
主语形式是单数,但意义为复数,谓语动词根据意义要用复数;
反之主语形式为复数,但意义为单数,谓语动词也用单数。
如表示一笔钱,一段时间,一定重量时,这些单位虽是复数形式,但谓语动词是单数形式。
Itseemstomethatfiveyearsissoshortatime.
Twohundreddollarswasspentonthebooks.
有些集体名词,如family,group,class,police,crew等作主语时,作为整体看待,谓语动词要用单数,就其中一个个成员而言,谓语要用复数。
Myfamilyisahappyone.
MyfamilyarewatchingTV.
三、就近一致
由either…or…,…or…,neither…nor…,not…but…,notonly…butalso…等连接并列名词作主语时,谓语动词与邻近名词的单复数保持一致。
EitheryouorIamcrazy.
Notonlyhisparentsbutalsohelikesthemovie.
Therebe,Herebe句型中动词的单复数必须与后置的第一个主语保持一致。
当be后面的主语有两个或两个以上的并列成分时,be动词往往与最邻近的一个一致。
Thereisanorange,twoapplesandmanybananasonthetable.
Therearetwobooksandadictionaryonthedesk.
四、就远一致
with/alongwith/togetherwith/including/but/except/like/among/aswellas/besides/ratherthan+名词置于主语后,谓语和前面的名词在单复数上保持一致。
Theteacherwithanumberofstudentsintheclassroom.
五、复习时还需注意的要点
1、有些名词如news,maths,physics等虽然有词尾“s”但意义上是单数,谓语动词要用单数。
Thenewsiswonderful.
Physicsisaninterestingsubject.
2、thenumberof+复数名词→“...的数量”,谓语动词用单数Thenumberofstudentinourclassis62.
3、表示“成双成对”的名词,如trousers,glasses,shoes,socks,shorts,chopsticks,compasses,scissors,等作主语时,谓语动词用复数。
Thetrousersareinthedrawer.
Myglassesarelost
4、由量词pairof,kindof,pieceof,cupof,quantityof等构成主语时,谓语与量词的数一致。
Thispairofshoesisverycomfortable.Thesekindsofbooksarepopularwithstudents.
5、百分数+of+可数名词复数+复数谓语
可数名词单数+单数谓语
例1、Heistheonlyoneofthestudentswho_______awinnerofscholarshipforthreeyears.
A.isB.areC.havebeenD.hasbeen
例2、ProfessorSmith,alongwithhisassistants,____ontheprojectdayandnighttomeetthedeadline.
A.workB.workingC.isworkingD.areworking
例3、Notonly______interestedinfootballbut______beginningtoshowaninterestinit.
A.theteacherhimselfis…allhisstudentsareB.theteacherhimselfis…areallhisstudents
C.istheteacherhimself…areallhisstudentsD.istheteacherhimself…allhisstudentsare
例4、----“Eachofthestudents,workinghardathisorherlessons,_____togotouniversity.”
----“SodoI.”
A.hopeB.hopesC.hopingD.hoped
例5、E-mail,aswellastelephone,______animportantpartindailycommunication.
A.isplayingB.haveplayedC.areplayingD.played
例6、Booksofthiskind______well.
A.sellB.sellsC.aresoldD.issold
例7、Everypossiblemeans______topreventtheairpollution,buttheskyisstillnotclear.
A.isusedB.areusedC.hasbeenusedD.havebeenused
例8、Whenandwheretogofortheon-salaryholiday______yet.
A.arenotdecidedB.havenotbeendecided
C.isnotbeingdecidedD.hasnotbeendecided
例9、Thenumberofpeopleinvited______fifty,butanumberofthem_____absentfordifferentreasons.
A.were,wasB.was,wasC.was,wereD.were,were
例10、______ofthelandinthatdistrict______coveredwithtreesandgrass.
A.Twofifth…isB.Twofifth…areC.Twofifths…isD.Twofifths…are
连词
一.概念
连词是用来连接词,短语,从句或句子的词.连词不作成分.
二.相关知识点精讲
1.表示并列关系的连词有:
and,both…and…,notonly…butalso…和neither…nor…等
1)and:
和,并且
A:
基本用法:
“and”表示“和”、“并且”的意思,用来连接对等关系的字和字,片语和片语,句子和句子。
Ienjoybasketball,footballandtabletennis.
Theweatherbecomescolderandcolder.
B:
特别用法:
祁使句后连接and,有条件句作用,此时and=ifyou…,you’ll…
Gostraighton,andyou’llseethelibrary.==Ifyougostraighton,youwillseethelibrary.
2)both…and…既…也…,(两者)都…
A、both…and…构成的词组作主语时,谓语动词用复数。
BothJimandKatearefromEngland.
B、both…and…否定句表示部分否定。
Youcan’tspeakbothGermanandEnglish.
Bothmyfatherandmymotheraren’tdoctors.
3)neither…nor…:
既不…也不…
neither…nor…连接两个并列主语时,谓语动词靠近哪个主语就与哪个主语保持“人称”和“数”的一致,即采取就近原则。
NeitherInorhehasseentheplaybefore.
4)notonly…butalso…:
不但…而且…
notonly…butalso…连接两个主语后的谓语动词也遵循就近原则。
Notonlythemotherbutalsothechildrenareill.
2.表示转折关系的连词有:
but,however,yet,still,while等。
Marywasanicegirl,butshehadoneshortcoming.
Tomgotupearly,yethefailedtocatchthetrain.
Hewasverytired,stillhekeptonwalking.
Yourcompositionisfairlygood,however,thereisstillsome
roomforimprovement.
Janeishardworking,whilehersisterisquitelazy.
3.表示选择关系的并列连词有:
or,either…or…,whether…or…等。
1)or:
或、否则
A:
基本用法
or表示“或”的意思,使用于两者之中选择一个的时候。
----IsyourfriendEnglishorAmerican?
----American.
Hedoesn’tlikedumplingsornoodles.
特别用法
祁使句后连接or,表“如果…,否则…”,有转折的意思,此时or=ifyoudon’t…,you’ll…
Hurryup,oryou’llbelate.=Ifyoudon’thurryup,you’llbelate.
2)either…or…:
或
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