英语阅读能力测试Word下载.docx
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英语阅读能力测试Word下载.docx
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PartICloze20%
Directions:
Thereare20blanksinthefollowingpassage.Foreachblanktherearefourchoicesmarked[A]、[B]、[C]and[D]ontherightsideofthepaper.YoushouldchoosetheONEthatbestfitsintothepassage.
Everylivingthinghaswhatscientistscallabiologicalclockthatcontrolsbehavior.Ittellsplantswhento__1__flowersandinsectswhentoleaveprotectivecocoon(茧)andflyaway.Andittellsanimalsandhumanbeingswhento__2__,sleepandseekfood.Itcontrolsourbodytemperatures,the__3__ofsomehormonesandevendreams.
Events__4__theplantandanimalaffectitsactions.ScientistsrecentlyfoundthatatinyanimalcalledSiberianhamsterchangesthecolorofits__5__becauseofthenumberofhoursof__6__.Inshorterdaysofwinteritsfurbecomeswhite.Thefurbecomesgray-browninlonger__7__ofdaylightinsummer.
__8__signalscontrolotherbiologicalclocks.Germanscientistsfoundthatsomeinternaloneseemstoorderbirdstobegintheir__9__flightstwotimeseachyear.Birdspreventedfromflyingbecome__10__whenitistimeforthetrip.__11__theybecomecanagainwhenthetimeoftheflighthasended.Amixofoutsideandinternaleventscontrolssomebiologicalclocks;
suchthingsasheartbeatandthedailychangefromsleeptowalkingtakeplacebecauseofbothexternalandinternalsignals.
Scientistsarebeginningtolearn__12__partsofthebraincontainthebiologicalclocks.AresearcheratHarvardUniversity,Dr.MartinMooreEde,saidasmallgroupofcellsnearthefrontofthebrainseemedtocontrolthe__13__ofsomeofouractions.Probablythereareothercellstocontrolotherbodyactivities.Heisstudying__14__theyaffectthewaywedoourwork.Mostofushavegreatdifficultyifwe__15__oftenchangetodifferentworkhours.__16__cantakemanydaysforahumanbodyto__17__amajorchangeinworkhours.Industrialofficialsshouldhaveabetter__18__ofbiologicalclocksandhowtheyaffectworkers.Hesaidsuchanunderstandingcould__19__sicknessandaccidentsatwork,andwouldhelpincrease__20__.
1.A.formB.bloomC.blossomD.boom
2.A.walkB.cryC.guardD.awaken
3.A.reactionB.releaseC.reliefD.recovery
4.A.besideB.insideC.outsideD.aside
5.A.skinB.featherC.peelD.fur
6.A.nightB.daylightC.1ighD.day
7.A.daysB.1ightsC.timesD.hours
8.A.InwardB.OuterC.InnerD.Other
9.A.migrationB.immigrationC.emigrationD.transportation
10.A.ruthlessB.annoyedC.restlessD.anxious
11.A.AndB.SoC.ThenD.But
12.A.whatB.whichC.whyD.howmany
13.A.motionB.rhythmC.stepD.timing
14.A.whyB.howC.whenD.where
15.A.mayB.canC.mustD.might
16.A.HeB.TheyC.ItD.This
17.A.adaptB.adjustC.adoptD.accept
18.A.admitB.understandingC.informationD.knowledge
19.A.decreaseB.diminishC.declineD.reduce
20.A.productB.productionC.productivityD.producer
PartIIReadingComprehension
SectionA:
Skimmingandscanning(10minutes)14%
Inthispart,youwillhave10minutestogooverthepassagesquicklyandanswerthequestions
SoundEffects
Snorers(打鼾的人)havealwaysbeenmadejokes.Incartoons,theirnasalroar1iftstheroofoffhouses.Insituationcomedies,there’sthewifewhorollsherevesathersnoringbedmate.Butinreality,it’snotallthatfunny.Infact,snoringcanbeanightmareforsnorersandtheirtroubledpartners,whomaywakeupseveraltimesanighttopoke,andmaybehoistlovedonesontotheirsidesfora1ittlerelief.
RisksofSnoringProblems
Butthenightlyracketismorethanapotentialrelationshipstrain.Accordingtothelatestresearch,anincreasinglyolderandheavierpopulationmaymakethisconditionanevengreaterhealthriskthanwepreviouslythought.ForMaggieMoss-Tucker,successfultreatmentforalongtimesnoringproblemcamealmostbyaccident.Onefallmorningin2005,shesawasignatherlocalgymseekingsnorersasvolunteersforastudyatBoston’sBrigham&
Women’sHospital.Moss-Tucker,now56,wasintrigued.Shehadstartedsnoringnearlyadecadeearlier.“I’dtriedeverythingtostop.”shesays,fromsleepinguprighttousingnosestripsoramouthguard.Buttoherandherhusband’sdismay,nothingworked.WhenshesignedupforthestudyandspentanightatasuburbanBostonsleeplab,shefoundoutwhy.
Afterreviewinghersleeppatternsandoxygenlevels,researcherstoldherthathersnoringwasactuallyanindicationofsomethingworse.Shesufferedfromasleepapnea(呼吸暂停),aconditioninwhichpatientsstopbreathingrepeatedlyastheysleepandcanwakeupasmanyas100timesanight—oftenwithoutrememberingit.Thatkindofrevelationhasledtodoctorsre-evaluatingaconditiononcetreatedaslittlemorethananuisance.“Inthepast,snoringhasbeentreatedlikeajokingmatter:
younevertalkedaboutitwithyourdoctor,”saysDr.DavidRapoport,medicaldirectoroftheSleepDisordersCenteratNewYorkUniversityMedicalCenter(NYC).“Butwhenitbecomesveryprominentorsuchthatitwakesyouupofteninterfereswithbreathing,itcanbeaproblem.“
Sleepapnea,inwhichtheairwaybecomesblockedof,1essoften,thebrainfailstoproperlycontrolbreathingduringsleeping.Itcanbeviewedasoneextremeofthesnoringspectrum.Softsnoring,whichisnotgenerallyconsideredahealthhazard,wouldbeattheotherend.Asthesoundandpersistenceofapatient’ssnoringgrows,sodothehealthconcerns.AstudypublishedintheMarchIissueofthejournalSleepfoundthatloudsnorershada40percentgreaterriskthannon-snorersofsufferingfromhighbloodpressure,34percentgreateroddsofhavingaheartattackanda67percentgreaterchanceofhavingastroke.
That’saproblemgiventhenumberofnoisysleepersoutthere.InarecentpollbytheNationalSleepFoundation,aboutonethirdofUSworkingadultsreportedsnoringatleastafewnightsinthepreviousmonth.Snoringgenerallyworsenswithagesotherateisevenhigheramongtheelderly.And,contrarytocommonperceptions,it’snearlyascommoninwomenasmen.Menopause(更年期)appearstobeafactor,asisweight.Beingoverweightcancausethicknessintheairwaytube,holdingbacktheflowofoxygen.
TreatmentofSnoringProblems
Yetmanywhoregularlysnoredon’trealizethatitcouldbebadfortheirhealth.Theresearchlinkinghypertension,cardiacproblemsandloudsnoringisrelativelynew.Andthoughawarenessofsleepapneaisgrowing,specialistssaytheconditionisstillvastlyundertreated.Primary-carephysiciansdon’troutinelyaskpatientsaboutthequalityoftheirsleep—thoughthatisbeginningtochangeandfewpatientsthinktotelltheirdoctorsthatthey’resnoring,unlessitbecomeshazardoustotheirpartner.Sleepspecialistsestimatethatbetween12millionand18millionAmericanshavesomeformofsleepapneabutmanyofthem,likeMoss-Tucker,remainundiagnosedforyears.ResearchfromtheNationalSleepFoundationindicatesthatonlyhalfofthosewithsleepapneaarebeingtreated.Sinceitisaprogressivecondition,saysMichaelTwery,directoroftheNationalInstitutesofHealth’sNationalCenteronSleepDisordersResearch,“Thepersonwho’saffectedisusuallynotawareofhowseveretheconditionis.”
Moss-Tuckerremembersbeingdrowsyduringthedaysometimes,butsheblameditonherbusylife.Whenresearchersatthesleeplabaskedifshehadeverfallenasleepwhiledriving,shelaughedinitially.Butthensherecalledlongdrivesduringwhichshe’dhadtopulloverevery45minutestotakeacatnap(打盹)toavoiddozingoffatthewheel.She’dalsobecomeaccustomedtotakingdaily25-minutenapseachafternoon.ButonceshewasdiagnosedandbeganusingaContinuousPositiveAirwayPressure(orCPAP)machine,themostcommontreatmentforsleepapnea,shesays,“Mylifechanged.”
Moss-Tuckernolongerneedednapsandherenergylevels,mentalclarityandgeneralmoodsimproved—somuchsothatshecannotimagineonenightwithouttheCPAP,amachinewithamaskthatattachestothenose,mouthorboth,helpingtoforceoxygenintotheairwaywhilethepatientsleeps.Ifit’susedproperly,itisnearly100percenteffective.ButCPAPs(orBiPaps,whichdeliveralternatinglevelsofoxygen),whichcostabout$500ormorewiththemask,canbenoteasytouseandthenoisemaybeasdisruptivetosleepingpartnersassnoring.Despiteitsefficiency,estimatesofoveralllong-termusageratesremainbetween50to70percent.
Forsnorerswhodon’tappeartohavesleepapnea,thereareothermeasurestoavoidbadnights.Theyinclude:
avoidingbigmealsandalcoholbeforebed;
sleepingonone’ssideinsteadoftheback;
treatingconditionslikeallergiesandcoldsthatcancauseorworsensnoring,andmaintainingahealthyweight.Therearealsodeviceswhichpushthelowerjawforwardtohelpkeeptheairwayopen.“Theyareeffectiveinafairnumberofsnoringcases,”saysNYU’sRapoport,buthecautionsthattheyneedtobecustomfittedbydentistandcanbeexpensiveifnotcoveredbyinsurance.
SurgeryonSnoringProblems
Surgerytowidentheairwaysorimprovenasalairflowisalsoanoption,thoughitalsomaynotbecoveredbyinsuranceandSUCCESSratesvary.UPPP,inwhichasurgeonremovestissueatthebackofthethroat,canrequireahospitalstayandalongrecovery;
it’stypicallyusedforpatientswithmoderateobstructivesleepapnea.Butotherprocedurescanbeperformedunderlocalanesthesiainasurgeon’soffice,includinglaser-assistedLAUP,amodificationofUPPPinwhichthesurgeonusesalasertocuttheuvula.PatientswhogetLAUPcangenerallyresumetheirnormalroutinealmostimmediately
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