团购网站相关外文翻译学士学位论文.docx
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团购网站相关外文翻译学士学位论文.docx
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团购网站相关外文翻译学士学位论文
外文翻译
原文1
MatchingModelsforPreference-sensitiveGroupPurchasing
Matchingbuyersandsellersisoneofthemostfundamentalproblemsineconomicsandmarketdesign.Aninterestingvariantofthematchingproblemariseswhenself-interestedbuyerscometogetherinordertoinducesellerstoofferquantityorvolumediscounts,asiscommoninbuyingconsortia,andmorerecentlyintheconsumergroupcouponingspace(e.g.,Groupon).Weconsiderageneralmodelofthisprobleminwhichagrouporbuyingconsortiumisfacedwithvolumediscountoffersfrommultiplevendors,butgroupmembershavedistinctpreferencesfordifferentvendorofferings.Unlikesomerecentformulationsofmatchinggamesthatinvolvequantitydiscounts,thecombinationofvaryingpreferencesanddiscountscanrenderthecoreofthematchinggameempty,inboththetransferableandnontransferableutilitysense.Thus,insteadofcoalitionalstability,weproposeseveralformsofNashstabilityundervariousepistemicandtransfer/paymentassumptions.Weinvestigatethecomputationofbuyer-welfaremaximizingmatchingsandshowtheexistenceoftransfers(subsidizedprices)ofaparticularlydesirableformthatsupportstablematchings.Wealsostudyanontransferableutilitymodel,showingthatstablematchingsexist;andwedevelopavariantoftheprobleminwhichbuyersprovideasimplepreferenceorderingover“deals”ratherthanspecificvaluations—amodelthatisespeciallyattractiveintheconsumerspace—whichalsoadmitsstablematchings.Computationalexperimentsdemonstratetheefficacyandvalueofourapproach.
CategoriesandSubjectDescriptors:
I.2.11[DistributedArtificialIntelligence]:
MultiagentSystems;J.4
[ComputerApplications]:
SocialandBehavioralSciences—Economics
GeneralTerms:
Algorithms,Economics,Theory
AdditionalKeyWordsandPhrases:
stablematching,preferences,demandaggregation,grouppurchasing,volumediscounts,dailydeals,cooperativegames.
1.INTRODUCTION
Matchingbuyersandsellersisoneofthemostfundamentalproblemsineconomicsanddeal”providerslikeGrouponandLivingSocial(andservicesthataggregatesuchdeals)haspropelledgroupdiscountsintothepublicconsciousness.Groupbuyinganddemandaggregationhasbeenstudiedfromseveralperspectives,andmanymodelshavebeenproposedfortheiranalysis.However,weconsideravitalingredientofgroupbuyingthathasreceivedinsufficientattentionintheliterature,namely,thefactthatbuyersoftenhavedistinctpreferencesfortheofferingsofdifferentvendors.Mostmatchingmodelswithvolumediscountsassumethatvendorofferingsareindistinguishabletobuyers,whichsignificantlylimitstheirapplicability.Forinstance,supposetwobuyersXandYare(jointly)comparingtheoffersoftwovendorsorsomeitem:
Aoffersapriceof10foroneunit,butadiscountedpriceof8ifbothbuyfromhim;andBoffersasinglepriceof9perunit.IfAandBareindistinguishable,XandYshouldcooperateandbuyfromA.ButsupposeXprefersB(withvaluation11.5)toA(valuation10).Inthiscase,XwouldprefertostickwithBunlessYofferssomepaymenttoswitchvendors(YwouldgladlysharesomeofhergeneratedsurpluswithXforthispurpose).Withouttheabilitytoexpresspreferencesovervendors,“groupbuying”wouldnotemergeeveninthistrivialexample.marketdesign.Awidevarietyofmodelsandmechanismshavebeendevelopedthatreflectdifferentassumptionsaboutthedemands,valuations/preferences,andknowledgeofthemarketparticipantsandtheirabilitytocooperate.Eachleadstoitsowncomputationalchallengeswhendevelopingalgorithmsforcomputingstable(core)matchings,Nashequilibria,clearingpricesorothersolutionconcepts.Inthispaper,weaddresstheproblemofcooperativegroupbuying,inwhichagroupofbuyerscoordinatetheirpurchasestorealizevolumediscounts,mitigatedemandrisk,orreduceinventorycosts.Groupbuyinghaslongbeenusedforcorporateprocurement,viaindustry-specificbuyingconsortiaorbroadlybasedgrouppurchasingorganizations(GPOs)[ChenandRoma2010].TheadventoftheInternet,inparticular,hashelpedbusinesseswithnoprioraffiliationmoreeasilyaggregatetheirdemand[AnandandAron2003].Consumer-orientedgrouppurchasinghasalsobeengreatlyfacilitatedbytheweb;andtherecentpopularityofvolume-basedcouponingand“dailydeal”providerslikeGrouponandLivingSocial(andservicesthataggregatesuchdeals)haspropelledgroupdiscountsintothepublicconsciousness.Groupbuyinganddemandaggregationhasbeenstudiedfromseveralperspectives,andmanymodelshavebeenproposedfortheiranalysis.However,weconsideravitalingredientofgroupbuyingthathasreceivedinsufficientattentionintheliterature,namely,thefactthatbuyersoftenhavedistinctpreferencesfortheofferingsofdifferentvendors.Mostm
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