thesadyoungmen课文和翻译Word格式.docx
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thesadyoungmen课文和翻译Word格式.docx
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questionsaboutthenaughty,jazzyparties,theflask-toting"
sheik,"
andthemoralandstylisticvagariesofthe"
flapper"
andthe"
drug-storecowboy."
"
Wereyoungpeoplereallysowild?
"
present-daystudentsasktheirparentsandteachers."
WastherereallyaYoungerGenerationproblem?
Theanswerstosuchinquiriesmustofnecessitybe"
yes"
and"
no"
--"
Yes"
becausethebusinessofgrowingupisalwaysaccompaniedbyaYoungerGenerationProblem;
becausewhatseemedsowild,irresponsible,andimmoralinsocialbehavioratthetimecannowbeseeninperspectiveasbeingsomethingconsiderablylesssensationalthanthedegenerauonofourjazzmadyouth.
2Actually,therevoltoftheyoungpeoplewasalogicaloutcomeofconditionsintheage:
Firstofall,itmustberememberedthattherebellionwasnotconfinedtotheUnit-edStates,butaffectedtheentireWesternworldasaresultoftheaftermathofthefirstseriouswarinacentury.Second,intheUnitedStatesitwasreluctantlyrealizedbysome-subconsciouslyifnotopenly--thatourcountrywasnolongerisolatedineitherpoliticsortraditionandthatwehadreachedaninternationalstaturethatwouldforeverpreventusfromretreatingbehindtheartificialwallsofaprovincialmoralityorthegeographicalprotectionofourtwoborderingoceans.
3TherejectionofVictoriangentilitywas,inanycase,inevitable.TheboomingofAmericanindustry,withitsgigantic,roaringfactories,itscorporateimpersonality,anditslargescaleaggressiveness,nolongerleftanyroomforthecodeofpolitebehaviorandwell-bredmoralityfashionedinaquieterandlesscompetitiveage.Warornowar,asthegenerationspassed,itbecameincreasinglydifficultforouryoungpeopletoacceptstandardsofbehaviorthatborenorelationshiptothebustlingbusinessmediuminwhichtheywereexpectedtobattleforsuccess.ThewaractedmerelyasacatalyticagentinthisbreakdownoftheVictoriansocialstructure,andbyprecipitatingouryoungpeopleintoapatternofmassmurderitreleasedtheirinhibitedviolentenergieswhich,aftertheshootingwasover,wereturnedinbothEuropeandAmericatothedestructionofanobsolescentnineteenth-centurysociety.
4Thusinachangingworldyouthwasfacedwiththechallengeofbringingourmoresuptodate.Butatthesametimeitwastempted,inAmericaatleast,toescapeitsresponsibilitiesandretreatbehindanairofnaughtyalcoholicsophisticationandaposeofBohemianimmorality.Thefaddishness,thewildspendingofmoneyontransitorypleasuresandmomentarynovelties,thehecticairofgaiety,theexperimentationinsensation--sex,drugs,alcohol,perversions--wereallpartofthepatternofescape,anescapemadepossiblebyageneralprosperityandapost-warfatiguewithpolitics,economicrestrictions,andinternationalresponsibilities.Prohibitionaffordedtheyoungtheadditionalopportunityofmakingtheirpleasuresillicit,andthemuch-publicizedorgiesanddefiantmanifestoesoftheintellectualscrowdingintoGreenwichVillagegavethemapatternandaphilosophicdefensefortheirescapism.Andlikemostescapistsprees,thisonelasteduntilthemoneyranout,untilthecrashoftheworldeconomicstructureattheendofthedecadecalledthepartytoahaltandforcedtherevelerstosoberupandfacetheproblemsofthenewage.
5TherebellionstartedwithWorldWarI.Theprolongedstalemateof1915--1916,theincreasinginsolenceofGermanytowardtheUnitedStates,andourofficialreluctancetodeclareourstatusasabelligerentwereintolerabletomanyofouridealisticcitizens,andwithtypicalAmericanadventurousnessenhancedsomewhatbythestrenuous jingoismofTheodoreRoosevelt,ouryoungmenbegantoenlistunderforeignflags.InthewordsofJoeWilliams,inJohnDosPassos'
U.S.A.,they"
wantedtogetintothefunbeforethewholethingturnedbellyup."
Formilitaryservice,in1916--1917,wasstillaromanticoccupation.Theyoungmenofcollegeagein1917knewnothingofmodernwarfare.Thestrifeof1861--1865hadpopularlybecome,inmotionpictureandstory,amagnolia-scentedsoapopera,whiletheonehundred-days'
fracaswithSpainin1898haddissolvedintoaone-sidedvictoryatManilaandacinematicchargeupSanJuanHill.Furthermore,therewereenoughhighschoolassemblyoratorsproclaimingthecharacter-formingforceofthestrenuouslifetoconvincemorethanenoughotherwisesensibleboysthatserviceintheEuropeanconflictwouldbeofgreatpersonalvalue,inadditiontobeingidealisticandexciting.Accordingly,theybegantojointhevariousarmiesinincreasingnumbers,the"
intellectuals"
intheambulancecorps,othersintheinfantry,merchantmarine,orwhereverelsetheycouldfindaplace.ThosewhowerereluctanttoserveinaforeignarmytalkedexcitedlyaboutPreparedness,occasionallyconsideredjoiningtheNationalGuard,andrushedtoenlistwhenwefinallydidentertheconflict.Sotremendouswasthestormingofrecruitmentcentersthatharassedsergeantsactuallypleadedwithvolunteersto"
gohomeandwaitforthedraft,"
butsincenoself-respectingpersonwantedtosufferthedisgraceofbeingdrafted,theenlistmentcrazecontinuedunabated.
6Naturally,thespiritofcarnivalandtheenthusiasmforhighmilitaryadventureweresoondissipatedoncetheeageryoungmenhadreceivedagoodtasteoftwentieth-centurywarfare.Totheirlastingglory,theyfoughtwithdistinction,butitwasamuchalteredgroupofsoldierswhoreturnedfromthebattlefieldsin1919.Especiallywasthistrueofthecollegecontingent,whoseidealismhadledthemtoenlistearlyandwhohadgenerallyseenaconsiderableamountofaction.Tothem,itwasbittertoreturntoahometownvirtuallyuntouchedbytheconflict,wherecitizensstilltalkedwiththenaiveFourth-of-dulybombasttheythemselveshadbeenguiltyoftwoorthreeyearsearlier.Itwasevenmorebittertofindthattheiroldjobshadbeentakenbythestay-at-homes,thatbusinesswassufferingarecessionthatpreventedtheopeningupofnewjobs,andthatveteranswereconsideredproblemchildrenandlessdesirablethannon-veteransforwhateverbusinessopportunitiesthatdidexist.Theirveryhomeswereoftenuncomfortabletothem;
theyhadoutgrowntownandfamiliesandhaddevelopedasuddenbewilderingworld-wearinesswhichneithertheynortheirrelativescouldunderstand.Theirenergieshadbeenwhippedupandtheirnaivetedestroyedbythewarandnow,insleepyGopherPrairiesalloverthecountry,theywerebeingaskedtocurbthoseenergiesandresumetheposeofself-deceivingVictorianinnocencethattheynowfelttobeasoutmodedasthenotionthattheirfightinghad"
madetheworldsafefordemocracy."
And,asifhometownconditionswerenotenough,thereturningveteranalsohadtofacethesodden,NapoleoniccynicismofVersailles,thehypocriticaldo-goodismofProhibition,andthesmugpatriotismofthewarprofiteers.Somethinginthetension-riddenyouthofAmericahadto"
give"
and,afterashortperiodofbitterresentment,it"
gave"
intheformofacompleteoverthrowofgenteelstandardsofbehavior.
7GreenwichVillagesetthepattern.SincetheSeven-tiesadwellingplaceforartistsandwriterswhosettledtherebecauselivingwascheap,thevillagehadlongenjoyedadubiousreputationforBohemianismandeccentricity.Ithadalsoharboredenoughmajorwriters,especiallyinthedecadebeforeWorldWarI,tosupportitsclaimtobeingtheintellectualcenterofthenation.Afterthewar,itwasonlynaturalthathopefulyoungwriters,theirmindsandpensinflamedagainstwar,Babbittry,and"
Puritanical"
gentility,,shouldflocktothetraditionalartisticcenter(wherelivingwasstillcheapin1919)topourouttheirnew-foundcreativestrength,toteardowntheoldworld,tofloutthemoralityoftheirgrandfathers,andtogivealltoart,love,andsensation.
8Soontheyfoundtheirimitatorsamongthenon-intellectuals.Asitbecamemoreandmorefashionablethroughoutthecountryforyoungpersonstodefythelawandtheconventionsandtoaddtheirownlittlematchstickstotheconflagrationof"
flamingyouth"
itwasGreenwichVillagethatfannedtheflames."
Bohemian"
livingbecameafad.Eachtownhadits"
fast"
setwhichprideditselfonitsunconventionality,althoughinrealitythisself-consciousunconventionalitywasrapidlybecomingastandardfeatureofthecountryclubclass--anditslessaffluentimitators--throughoutthenation.Beforelongthemovementhadbe-comeofficiallyrecognizedbythepulpit(whichdenouncedit),bythemoviesandmagazines(whichmadeitattractivelynaughtywhilepretendingtodenounceit),andbyadvertising(whichobliquelyencourageditby'
sellingeverythingfromcigarettestoautomobileswiththeimpliedpromisethattheirownerswouldberenderedsexuallyirresistible).Youngerbrothersandsistersofthewargeneration,whohadbeenplayingwithmarblesanddollsduringthebattlesofBelleauWoodandChateau-Thierry,andwhohadsufferednorealdisillusionmentorsenseofloss,nowbegantoimitatethemannersoftheireldersandplaywiththetoysofvulgarrebellion.Thei
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