1中国和西方地理概念Word文件下载.docx

1中国和西方地理概念Word文件下载.docx

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14.是两个概念aretotallydifferent

15.这是对天文来讲的Thisisrelatedtoastronomy

16.上边有星星whichtalksaboutthestars

17.有日月星辰在上边sun,mooninthesky

18.那是叫天文That'

sastronomy

19.下边有山河湖海Whilethemountains,rivers,lakesandseaslayontheland

20.这叫地理isgeography

21.古代的时候大体是这样的一个概念Thisisgeographyofancienttimes

22.和现在还是不一样的whichisdifferentfrommoderngeography

23.这是中国的一个现象That'

saphenomenoninChina

24.中国这个地理的词GeographyinancientChina

25.在古代也是一种特殊的学问wasaspecialkindofknowledge

26.但它不成为一个学科体系Butitwasn’tadisciplinesystemyet

27.大体起来讲Generallyspeaking

28.中国古代的地理geographyinancientChina

29.分成这么三类canbedividedinto3categories

30.一类是政区地理Oneispoliticalgeography

31.文科的同学明白Studentsofartsknowthat

32.中国有二十四史二十五史ChinahasTwenty-fourDynasticHistories,Twenty-fiveDynasticHistories

33.有二十六史andTwenty-sixDynasticHistories

34.说起来大家有点糊涂Youmaybeconfusedaboutthis

35.怎么又是二十四史Twenty-fourDynasticHistories

36.又是二十五史又是二十六史Twenty-fiveDynasticHistories,Twenty-sixDynasticHistories,Whatarethey?

37.这个不管它Wewillnottalkaboutit

38.咱们这个课上是地理课Thisisageographyclass

39.不谈历史Wewillnottalkabouthistory

40.但是这几种正史里边Butinthesekindsofofficialhistory

41.都有地理志thereisalwaysannalsofGeography

42.绝大部分少量的没有exceptasmallnumberofthem

43.这个里边它是按照政区Accordingto

44.按照行政区古代的行政区administrativedistrict

45.来堆砌这些地区的inancienttime

46.地理的特点geographicalcharacteristics

47.物产人口products,population

48.区域的特点featuresoftheseregionsarerecorded

49.是为了政治服务的Allofthesearerelatedtopolitics

50.皇帝拿着这个书管用Thebookisusefulfortheemperor

51.政府官员拿着这本书管用andgovernmentofficials

52.直接去管去Theycangovernthecountrybyusingit

53.税收人口比例甚至有Thereiseveninformationabouttaxandpopulationratiointhebook

54.当然这个东西不准Ofcoursetheyarenotaccurate

55.中国有最早的Chinahastheearliest

56.各地区的人口记录populationrecordofeveryregion

57.按照省记下去的bytakingprovinceasanunit

58.按照州记下去的州县ortakingprefectureandcountyasaunit

59.古代在早期的时候Intheearlystageofancienttimes

60.秦汉的时候没有省namelyQinandHandynasties,therearenoprovinces

61.只有州县Andonlyprefecturesandcounties

62.按照这个东西记下去的有最早的Theearliestpopulationrecordistakingthisasaunit

63.这是一套Thisisakindofgeography

64.是为政治服务的whichservesforpoliticalpurpose

65.还有一套山水地理Anotherkindofgeographyisonriversandmountains

66.很有名的《水经注》ThebestoneofthemisCommentaryontheBookofRivers

67.《水经注》我们中学的时候接触WehavelearnedaboutCommentaryontheBookofRiversinmiddleschool

68.可能是按照文学作品去接触它Butwereaditasaliteratureworkatthattime

69.郦道元的文笔非常的美Dao-yuanLi’swritingstyleisverygraceful

70.这个人实际上是古代的地理学家Actuallyheisageographerinancienttime

71.但他的地理和我们现代的地理Howeverthegeographyinhistimeis

72.还不一样differentfromthatofmoderntime

73.他拿着水去记历史Herecordedhistorybyrivers

74.去记过去的发生的事情takingriversasthecoordinate

75.他认为这个政区变化太频繁了Inhisopinion,districtschangetoofrequently

76.今儿一个皇上上台Todayanemperorcomestopower

77.给你设一个州andsetsupaprefecture

78.明天一个皇帝死了Tomorrowhedies

79.又来一个新皇帝Anotheremperorcomestopower

80.又再给你设一个andsetsupanotherprefecture

81.这个变化太大Thischangeistoogreat

82.他觉得山不变水不变Hethinkslandscapeswon’tchange

83.拿山拿水作一个基本的坐标Soitisagoodidea

84.去把历史标下来torecordhistory

85.很好的办法bytakingriversandmountainsasthecoordinate

86.为历史服务Whenitis

87.按照水去记concerninghistory

88.当然他这个错了Ofcourseheiswrong

89.水是变的山也变Riverschange,andmountainstoo

90.珠穆朗玛峰现在还在长着呢MountEverest（Himalayas）isstillgrowingnow

91.黄河摆来摆去YellowRiverhasbeenswinging

92.1500多次在过去2000年里边inthepast2000years,anditswung

93.摆来摆去formorethan1500times

94.你要按照那个水走的话Soit’simpropertorecordhistory

95.早就乱了套了usingriversasthecoordinate

96.这是古代在地理上认识Butthat'

sthelimitationof

97.它的局限性geographyinancienttime

98.但有这个传统按照水走Butthat’showhistoryisrecordedbackthen

99.还有一套叫堪舆地理Anotherkindofgeographyiscalledgeomancygeography

100.是为现实服务的Whichisusedforpracticalpurpose10100:

03:

20,043-->

00:

22,051古代地理学其实很现实Ancientgeographyisactuallyverypragmatic

101.为政治服务是一种现实Likegeographyforpolitics10300:

24,347-->

26,660为历史服务也是一种现实Geographyforhistory

102.因为中国古代很尊重历史BecauseinancientChina,historywashighlyrespected

103.以史为镜去治理国家Thecountryisgoverned

104.直接挂在一起的bylearningandbenefitingfromtheanalysisofhistory

105.堪舆服务也是为现实服务的Geomancyservesfordailylifeaswell

106.是为了人的日常生活Itservesforpeople'

sdailylife

107.和死后的生活直接服务的anditiscloselyrelatedtolifeafterdeath

108.所以大家明白Ithinknowyouhaveanideaof

109.堪舆应该是搞什么的了whatgeomancyisabout

110.是研究地理的风水It’saboutFengshui（geomancy）

111.这个东西应该知道Mostofyoushouldknowthat

112.看得出来是哪儿吗Doyouknowwhereitis?

113.离咱们这儿不远Notfarfromhere

114.二三十公里的样子往北去20or30kilometerstothenorth

115.在昌平昌平县城东边IntheeastofChang-pingcounty

116.在水库边上Theedgeofthereservoir

117.水库当然是50年代60年代修的Thereservoirwasofcoursebuiltin1950sor1960s

118.古代的时候绝对不允许Inancienttime,itwasforbidden

119.在那儿修水库tobuildreservoirthere

120.为什么呢Why?

121.那个地方风水太好了TheFengshuioverthereistoogood

122.一修水库把风水就破了BuildingareservoirwilldestroythegoodFengshui

123.十三陵TheMingTombs

124.明代的十三个皇帝埋在这儿WherethirteenemperorsofMingdynastywereburiedthere

125.怎么埋在这儿呢Why？

126.谁来给他定在这儿Whochosethatplace?

127.地理学家Geographer

128.中国古代的地理学家GeographerinancientChina

129.中国古代有不少的Therearemanygreatgeographers

130.还是大家inancientChina

131.干什么呢Whatdidtheydo?

132.拿个罗盘去研究地理去Theytookacompasswiththemandwentouttostudygeography

133.研究最后的结果是点出一个穴来TheirjobistofindoutaplacewithgreatFengshui

134.然后埋上一个贵人andthenahigh-rankingroyalofficialwasburiedthere

135.或者是造上几个房子orseveralhousesoravillage

136.布局一个村落werebuiltthere

137.像咱们现在到安徽去NowwhenwegotoAnhui

138.去看一些古代村落wecanvisitancientvillages

139.真漂亮像宏村像西递Theyareverybeautiful,suchasHong-cunandXi-di

140.漂亮极了Splendid!

141.那个思想是哪儿来的Wheredoestheideacomefrom?

142.地理思想Ideaofgeography

143.那个地理思想是地理里边的Morespecifically

144.堪舆的风水思想It’sgeomancy,orFengshui

145.这是活着的ThisisanexampleofhowpeopleuseFengshuiwhentheyarealive

146.死的也讲究Evenmoreaspectsneedtobeconsideredwhenitcomestothedeceased

147.要找穴要有气weneedtofindthegravewithQi

148.气在哪儿呢WhereisQiexactly?

149.只有地理学家知道Onlygeographersknow

150.皇帝只知道要气TheemperormerelyknewthattheQiwasoftheessence

151.但是自己找不着buthecouldn’tfindithimself

152.但是他有权力However,hehadthepower

153.可以命令杰出的风水学家toorderoutstandingFengshuiexperts

154.地理学家去给他找气andgeographerstofindtheQiforhim

155.所以十三陵现在是世界文化遗产Therefore，MingTombsarenowaWorldHeritageSites

156.你到那儿去感觉真是不一样Whenyouvisitthere,youwillfeeldifferently

157.山怎么这么棒水怎么这么好Howbegorgeousthemountainsare,andhowclearthewateris

158.皇帝怎么选的这么好的地儿Howdidtheemperorfindsuchaperfectplace?

159.错了不是皇上选的No.Itwasnotchosenbytheemperor

160.是地理学家选的Butbythegeographers

161.这是古代的地理Thisistheancientgeography

162.堪舆Geomancy

163.这是风水orFeng-shuiaswecallit

164.能看出来Itcanbeclearlyseen

165.到那个地方去北边有山Therearemountainsinthenorth

166.是对的玄武symbolizingXuanWu

167.南边有水Andwateronthesouth

168.走过去这儿有龙山Andherecomesthemountainofdragon

169.东边是青龙西边是白虎TsingLung（blackdragon）godfortheeast;

BaiHu（whitetiger）fortheWest

170.南边有朱雀AndZhuQue（redphoenix）,godfortheSouth

171.按照五行来布局ThelayoutismadeaccordingtotheFiveElements

172.点的中间后边一定要靠山Thecenterareaofthespotmustbeinthevicinityofmountains

173.前面一定要有水andtheremustbewaterflowingthroughthefrontpart

174.为什么要面水呀Whyisthat?

175.后边靠山靠山是背风Becausethemountainatthebackwoulddirectthewindleeward

176.面水是聚气WhilethewaterinthefrontwouldaccumulatetheQi

177.中国古代的气功了不得TheQigonginancientChinaisquiteanachievement!

178.气功为什么那么厉害WhyistheQigongsopowerful?

179.是因为古代把气推到一个Thatisbecauseinancienttime,theQiwasregardedas

180.非常至高无上的地位了thesupremacy

181.宇宙是气组成的TheuniverseiscomposedoftheQi

182.人也是气组成的Andsodohumanbeings

183.人和宇宙是靠气联系起来的ItistheQithatconnectsthemanandtheuniverse

184.一个家族能够不能够兴盛Whetherafamilycanthrive

185.一个王朝能够不能够兴盛oradynastycanprosper

186.关键是它和宇宙里边的气Itdependscriticallyontheconnections

187.连得好不好withtheQiintheuniverse

188.到哪儿找气去呢SowherecanwefindtheQi?

189.水是聚气的地方AswaterisaplacethataccumulatestheQi

190.所以一定要点穴点在水的地方Sothegravemustbelocatednearwater

191.这是它的原理Thisishowitworks

192.咱没时间讲这个Butwehavenotimeforit

193.只是给大家点一下soaboveisjustabriefintroduction

194.那是一大套toanintricatelargesystem

195.那么这里边的布局