1中国和西方地理概念Word文件下载.docx
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1中国和西方地理概念Word文件下载.docx
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14.是两个概念aretotallydifferent
15.这是对天文来讲的Thisisrelatedtoastronomy
16.上边有星星whichtalksaboutthestars
17.有日月星辰在上边sun,mooninthesky
18.那是叫天文That'
sastronomy
19.下边有山河湖海Whilethemountains,rivers,lakesandseaslayontheland
20.这叫地理isgeography
21.古代的时候大体是这样的一个概念Thisisgeographyofancienttimes
22.和现在还是不一样的whichisdifferentfrommoderngeography
23.这是中国的一个现象That'
saphenomenoninChina
24.中国这个地理的词GeographyinancientChina
25.在古代也是一种特殊的学问wasaspecialkindofknowledge
26.但它不成为一个学科体系Butitwasn’tadisciplinesystemyet
27.大体起来讲Generallyspeaking
28.中国古代的地理geographyinancientChina
29.分成这么三类canbedividedinto3categories
30.一类是政区地理Oneispoliticalgeography
31.文科的同学明白Studentsofartsknowthat
32.中国有二十四史二十五史ChinahasTwenty-fourDynasticHistories,Twenty-fiveDynasticHistories
33.有二十六史andTwenty-sixDynasticHistories
34.说起来大家有点糊涂Youmaybeconfusedaboutthis
35.怎么又是二十四史Twenty-fourDynasticHistories
36.又是二十五史又是二十六史Twenty-fiveDynasticHistories,Twenty-sixDynasticHistories,Whatarethey?
37.这个不管它Wewillnottalkaboutit
38.咱们这个课上是地理课Thisisageographyclass
39.不谈历史Wewillnottalkabouthistory
40.但是这几种正史里边Butinthesekindsofofficialhistory
41.都有地理志thereisalwaysannalsofGeography
42.绝大部分少量的没有exceptasmallnumberofthem
43.这个里边它是按照政区Accordingto
44.按照行政区古代的行政区administrativedistrict
45.来堆砌这些地区的inancienttime
46.地理的特点geographicalcharacteristics
47.物产人口products,population
48.区域的特点featuresoftheseregionsarerecorded
49.是为了政治服务的Allofthesearerelatedtopolitics
50.皇帝拿着这个书管用Thebookisusefulfortheemperor
51.政府官员拿着这本书管用andgovernmentofficials
52.直接去管去Theycangovernthecountrybyusingit
53.税收人口比例甚至有Thereiseveninformationabouttaxandpopulationratiointhebook
54.当然这个东西不准Ofcoursetheyarenotaccurate
55.中国有最早的Chinahastheearliest
56.各地区的人口记录populationrecordofeveryregion
57.按照省记下去的bytakingprovinceasanunit
58.按照州记下去的州县ortakingprefectureandcountyasaunit
59.古代在早期的时候Intheearlystageofancienttimes
60.秦汉的时候没有省namelyQinandHandynasties,therearenoprovinces
61.只有州县Andonlyprefecturesandcounties
62.按照这个东西记下去的有最早的Theearliestpopulationrecordistakingthisasaunit
63.这是一套Thisisakindofgeography
64.是为政治服务的whichservesforpoliticalpurpose
65.还有一套山水地理Anotherkindofgeographyisonriversandmountains
66.很有名的《水经注》ThebestoneofthemisCommentaryontheBookofRivers
67.《水经注》我们中学的时候接触WehavelearnedaboutCommentaryontheBookofRiversinmiddleschool
68.可能是按照文学作品去接触它Butwereaditasaliteratureworkatthattime
69.郦道元的文笔非常的美Dao-yuanLi’swritingstyleisverygraceful
70.这个人实际上是古代的地理学家Actuallyheisageographerinancienttime
71.但他的地理和我们现代的地理Howeverthegeographyinhistimeis
72.还不一样differentfromthatofmoderntime
73.他拿着水去记历史Herecordedhistorybyrivers
74.去记过去的发生的事情takingriversasthecoordinate
75.他认为这个政区变化太频繁了Inhisopinion,districtschangetoofrequently
76.今儿一个皇上上台Todayanemperorcomestopower
77.给你设一个州andsetsupaprefecture
78.明天一个皇帝死了Tomorrowhedies
79.又来一个新皇帝Anotheremperorcomestopower
80.又再给你设一个andsetsupanotherprefecture
81.这个变化太大Thischangeistoogreat
82.他觉得山不变水不变Hethinkslandscapeswon’tchange
83.拿山拿水作一个基本的坐标Soitisagoodidea
84.去把历史标下来torecordhistory
85.很好的办法bytakingriversandmountainsasthecoordinate
86.为历史服务Whenitis
87.按照水去记concerninghistory
88.当然他这个错了Ofcourseheiswrong
89.水是变的山也变Riverschange,andmountainstoo
90.珠穆朗玛峰现在还在长着呢MountEverest(Himalayas)isstillgrowingnow
91.黄河摆来摆去YellowRiverhasbeenswinging
92.1500多次在过去2000年里边inthepast2000years,anditswung
93.摆来摆去formorethan1500times
94.你要按照那个水走的话Soit’simpropertorecordhistory
95.早就乱了套了usingriversasthecoordinate
96.这是古代在地理上认识Butthat'
sthelimitationof
97.它的局限性geographyinancienttime
98.但有这个传统按照水走Butthat’showhistoryisrecordedbackthen
99.还有一套叫堪舆地理Anotherkindofgeographyiscalledgeomancygeography
100.是为现实服务的Whichisusedforpracticalpurpose10100:
03:
20,043-->
00:
22,051古代地理学其实很现实Ancientgeographyisactuallyverypragmatic
101.为政治服务是一种现实Likegeographyforpolitics10300:
24,347-->
26,660为历史服务也是一种现实Geographyforhistory
102.因为中国古代很尊重历史BecauseinancientChina,historywashighlyrespected
103.以史为镜去治理国家Thecountryisgoverned
104.直接挂在一起的bylearningandbenefitingfromtheanalysisofhistory
105.堪舆服务也是为现实服务的Geomancyservesfordailylifeaswell
106.是为了人的日常生活Itservesforpeople'
sdailylife
107.和死后的生活直接服务的anditiscloselyrelatedtolifeafterdeath
108.所以大家明白Ithinknowyouhaveanideaof
109.堪舆应该是搞什么的了whatgeomancyisabout
110.是研究地理的风水It’saboutFengshui(geomancy)
111.这个东西应该知道Mostofyoushouldknowthat
112.看得出来是哪儿吗Doyouknowwhereitis?
113.离咱们这儿不远Notfarfromhere
114.二三十公里的样子往北去20or30kilometerstothenorth
115.在昌平昌平县城东边IntheeastofChang-pingcounty
116.在水库边上Theedgeofthereservoir
117.水库当然是50年代60年代修的Thereservoirwasofcoursebuiltin1950sor1960s
118.古代的时候绝对不允许Inancienttime,itwasforbidden
119.在那儿修水库tobuildreservoirthere
120.为什么呢Why?
121.那个地方风水太好了TheFengshuioverthereistoogood
122.一修水库把风水就破了BuildingareservoirwilldestroythegoodFengshui
123.十三陵TheMingTombs
124.明代的十三个皇帝埋在这儿WherethirteenemperorsofMingdynastywereburiedthere
125.怎么埋在这儿呢Why?
126.谁来给他定在这儿Whochosethatplace?
127.地理学家Geographer
128.中国古代的地理学家GeographerinancientChina
129.中国古代有不少的Therearemanygreatgeographers
130.还是大家inancientChina
131.干什么呢Whatdidtheydo?
132.拿个罗盘去研究地理去Theytookacompasswiththemandwentouttostudygeography
133.研究最后的结果是点出一个穴来TheirjobistofindoutaplacewithgreatFengshui
134.然后埋上一个贵人andthenahigh-rankingroyalofficialwasburiedthere
135.或者是造上几个房子orseveralhousesoravillage
136.布局一个村落werebuiltthere
137.像咱们现在到安徽去NowwhenwegotoAnhui
138.去看一些古代村落wecanvisitancientvillages
139.真漂亮像宏村像西递Theyareverybeautiful,suchasHong-cunandXi-di
140.漂亮极了Splendid!
141.那个思想是哪儿来的Wheredoestheideacomefrom?
142.地理思想Ideaofgeography
143.那个地理思想是地理里边的Morespecifically
144.堪舆的风水思想It’sgeomancy,orFengshui
145.这是活着的ThisisanexampleofhowpeopleuseFengshuiwhentheyarealive
146.死的也讲究Evenmoreaspectsneedtobeconsideredwhenitcomestothedeceased
147.要找穴要有气weneedtofindthegravewithQi
148.气在哪儿呢WhereisQiexactly?
149.只有地理学家知道Onlygeographersknow
150.皇帝只知道要气TheemperormerelyknewthattheQiwasoftheessence
151.但是自己找不着buthecouldn’tfindithimself
152.但是他有权力However,hehadthepower
153.可以命令杰出的风水学家toorderoutstandingFengshuiexperts
154.地理学家去给他找气andgeographerstofindtheQiforhim
155.所以十三陵现在是世界文化遗产Therefore,MingTombsarenowaWorldHeritageSites
156.你到那儿去感觉真是不一样Whenyouvisitthere,youwillfeeldifferently
157.山怎么这么棒水怎么这么好Howbegorgeousthemountainsare,andhowclearthewateris
158.皇帝怎么选的这么好的地儿Howdidtheemperorfindsuchaperfectplace?
159.错了不是皇上选的No.Itwasnotchosenbytheemperor
160.是地理学家选的Butbythegeographers
161.这是古代的地理Thisistheancientgeography
162.堪舆Geomancy
163.这是风水orFeng-shuiaswecallit
164.能看出来Itcanbeclearlyseen
165.到那个地方去北边有山Therearemountainsinthenorth
166.是对的玄武symbolizingXuanWu
167.南边有水Andwateronthesouth
168.走过去这儿有龙山Andherecomesthemountainofdragon
169.东边是青龙西边是白虎TsingLung(blackdragon)godfortheeast;
BaiHu(whitetiger)fortheWest
170.南边有朱雀AndZhuQue(redphoenix),godfortheSouth
171.按照五行来布局ThelayoutismadeaccordingtotheFiveElements
172.点的中间后边一定要靠山Thecenterareaofthespotmustbeinthevicinityofmountains
173.前面一定要有水andtheremustbewaterflowingthroughthefrontpart
174.为什么要面水呀Whyisthat?
175.后边靠山靠山是背风Becausethemountainatthebackwoulddirectthewindleeward
176.面水是聚气WhilethewaterinthefrontwouldaccumulatetheQi
177.中国古代的气功了不得TheQigonginancientChinaisquiteanachievement!
178.气功为什么那么厉害WhyistheQigongsopowerful?
179.是因为古代把气推到一个Thatisbecauseinancienttime,theQiwasregardedas
180.非常至高无上的地位了thesupremacy
181.宇宙是气组成的TheuniverseiscomposedoftheQi
182.人也是气组成的Andsodohumanbeings
183.人和宇宙是靠气联系起来的ItistheQithatconnectsthemanandtheuniverse
184.一个家族能够不能够兴盛Whetherafamilycanthrive
185.一个王朝能够不能够兴盛oradynastycanprosper
186.关键是它和宇宙里边的气Itdependscriticallyontheconnections
187.连得好不好withtheQiintheuniverse
188.到哪儿找气去呢SowherecanwefindtheQi?
189.水是聚气的地方AswaterisaplacethataccumulatestheQi
190.所以一定要点穴点在水的地方Sothegravemustbelocatednearwater
191.这是它的原理Thisishowitworks
192.咱没时间讲这个Butwehavenotimeforit
193.只是给大家点一下soaboveisjustabriefintroduction
194.那是一大套toanintricatelargesystem
195.那么这里边的布局
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