鲁滨逊漂流记中的殖民主义Word文档下载推荐.docx
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鲁滨逊漂流记中的殖民主义Word文档下载推荐.docx
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鲁滨逊漂流记中的殖民主义鲁滨逊漂流记中的殖民主义AnAnalysisofColonialCultureinRobinsonCrusoeandItsReflectioninRealityI.IntroductionTheAdventuresofRobinsonCrusoe,amasterpieceofDanielDefoe,isapioneeringEnglishadventurefiction.ItmainlytellsusastoryoftheheroRobinsonCrusoesadventureontheseaespeciallyonadesertedislandallalone.Afterafewsailsonthesea,hejoinsanexpeditiontobringslavesfromAfrica,butheisshipwreckedinastormaboutfortymilesouttoseaonadesertedisland.RobinsonCrusoestrugglesagainsthardship,privation,loneliness,andcannibalsinhisattempttosurviveonthedesertedisland.FinallyhesucceedsinreturningtohishometownEnglandandbecomesrichintheend.Butaccordingtothecriticisms,TheAdventuresofRobinsonCrusoeisatypicalcolonialliterature.AsFangMinwroteinhisthesisOnTheColonialbehaviorsinTheAdventuresofRobinsonCrusoe,ifweanalyzeTheAdventuresofRobinsonCrusoeunderthepost-colonialism,wecouldfindthatthefictionreflectsthecolonialcultureinsomeways(Fang,2010).ByexploringthecolonialcultureinTheAdventuresofRobinsonCrusoe,wecanknowthethoughtsofpeopleinthatperiodandtheformsofearlycolonialismandcolonialism.Inthisthesis,theauthorwouldliketoleadthereaderstotakeabrieflookatofthecolonialisminTheAdventuresofRobinsonCrusoe,theinfluenceofthecolonialismonpeopletodayandthereflectionofcolonialthoughtstoday.Theauthorwillwriteitinthefollowingfiveparts.Firstofall,theauthorwillgiveabriefintroductionofTheAdventuresofRobinsonCrusoe,boththefictionandtheauthorDanielDefoe.Second,theauthorwillgiveabriefintroductionofcolonialismandcolonialisminTheAdventuresofRobinsonCrusoeandhowitisshowedinthefiction.Third,theauthorwilllistandanalyzethereflectionofcolonialismtoday.Fourth,theauthorwillhaveabrieflookatoftheinfluenceofcolonialismbothinthehistoryandatpresent.Fifth,theauthorwillcometoaconclusionthatwecanknowalittleofcolonialisminTheAdventuresofRobinsonCrusoebyDanielDefoe.II.BriefIntroductionoftheAdventuresofRobinsonCrusoeRobinsonCrusoeisanovelwrittenbyDanielDefoeandwasfirstpublishedin1719.Thebookisafictionalautobiographyofthetitlecharacteracastawaywhospends28yearsonaremotetropicalislandnearVenezuela,encounteringNativeAmericans,captivesandmutineersbeforebeingrescued.HestruggledontheislandaloneandfinallywasrescuedandwentbacktoEngland.2.1BriefIntroductionofDanielDefoeDanielDefoe(ca.1659-166124April1731),bornDanielFoe,wasanEnglishwriter,journalist,andpamphleteer,whogainedfameforhisnovelRobinsonCrusoe.Defoeisnotableforbeingoneoftheearliestproponentsofthenovel,ashehelpedtopopularizetheforminBritainandisamongthefoundersoftheEnglishnovel.Asaprolificandversatilewriter,hewrotemorethan500books,pamphletsandjournalsonvarioustopics(includingpolitics,crime,religion,marriage,psychologyandthesupernatural).HereisabriefintroductionofDanielDefoeslifeandthemotivationofwritingRobinsonCrusoeDefoesfatherwasaCitytradesmanandmemberoftheButchersCompany.JamesFoesstubbornPuritanismTheFoeswereDissenters,ProtestantswhodidnotbelongtotheAnglicanChurchoccasionallycomesthroughDefoeswriting.HestudiedatCharlesMortonsAcademy,London.AlthoughhisNonconformistfatherintendedhimfortheministry,Defoeplungedintopoliticsandtrade,travellingextensivelyinEurope.Throughouthislife,Defoealsowroteaboutmercantileprojects,buthisbusinessventuresfailedandlefthimwithlargedebts.Butallhisexperiencegavehimthelifematerialtocompletehisworks,includinghismasterpieceRobinsonCrusoe.Defoewasoneofthefirsttowritestoriesaboutbelievablecharactersinrealisticsituationsusingsimpleprose.HeachievedliteraryimmortalityinApril1719whenhepublishedRobinsonCrusoe,atravelogue,whichwasbasedpartlyonthememoirsofvoyagersandcastaways,suchasAlexanderSelkirk,whospentonhisislandfouryearsandfourmonths.WilliamSelkirkwasthesonofaScottishtanner,whobecamethemasteroftheCinquePortsGalley,aprivateeringship.Selkirkwenttoseain1704underWilliamDampierandwasputashoreathisownrequest(oraccordingtosomesourcesasapunishmentofinsubordination)ontheislandofJuanFernandezinthePacific,hundredsofmilesoffthecoastofChile.Theislandwasuninhabited,andhesurvivedthereuntilhisrescuein1709byCaptainWoodsRogers.SelkirkclaimedlaterpositivelythattheexperiencehadmadehimabetterChristian.Asajournalist,Defoemusthaveheardhisstoryandpossiblyinterviewedhim.Theaccountofashipwreckedsailorwasacommentbothonthehumanneedforcivilizedsocietyandtheequallypowerfulnecessityforindividualfreedom.Butitalsoofferedadreamofbuildingaprivatekingdom,aself-madeUtopia,andbeingcompletelyself-sufficient,withoutanypolitical,socialorreligiousconstraints.SoitbecamefamousamongEnglishandtheEurope.2.2BriefIntroductionofRobinsonCrusoeAlthoughcommonlyreferredtoassimplyRobinsonCrusoe,thebookscomplete,originaltitleasitappearsonthetitlepageofthefirsteditionisTheLifeandStrangeSurprisingAdventuresofRobinsonCrusoe.PictorialmapofCrusoesisland,calledIslandofDespair,showsmanyincidents.Crusoe(thefamilynamecorruptedfromtheGermannameKreutznaerorKreutznr)setsailonaseavoyageinAugust1651,againstthewishesofhisparents,whowanthimtostayathomeandpursueacareer,possiblyinlaw.Afteratumultuousjourneythatsawhisshipwreckedinastorm,hislustforthesearemainedsostrongthathesetouttoseaagain.ThejourneyendedindisasterastheshipwastakenoverbySalpiratesandCrusoebecametheslaveofaMoor.Aftertwoyearsofslavery,hemanagedtoescapeinaboatwithaboynamedXury;@#@later,CrusoewasrescuedandbefriendedbytheCaptainofaPortugueseshipoffthewestcoastofAfrica.TheshipwenttoBrazil.There,withthehelpofthecaptain,Crusoebecametheownerofaplantation.Yearslater,hejoinedanexpeditiontobringslavesfromAfricabuthewasshipwreckedinastormaboutfortymilesouttoseaonanisland(whichhecalledtheIslandofDespair)nearthemouthoftheOrinocoriveronSeptember30,1659.Survivingalonewiththreeanimals,hestruggledtosurviveandfeedhimself.Hehadlivedonthedesertedislandalonefortwenty-eightyearsbeforehediscoverednatives.Yearslater,hediscoverednativecannibalswhooccasionallyvisitedtheislandtokillandeatprisoners.Atfirstheplanedtokillthemforcommittinganabominationbutlaterrealizedthathehadnorighttodosoasthecannibalsdidnotknowinglycommitacrime.Hedreamedofobtainingoneortwoservantsbyfreeingsomeprisoners.Whentheycameagaintokillandeattheprisoners,aprisonermanagedtoescape;@#@Crusoehelpedhimandfreedhimfrombeingeaten.ThenCrusoenamedhisnewcompanionFridayafterthedayoftheweekheappeared.CrusoethentaughthimEnglishandconvertedhimtoChristianity.Afteranotherpartyofnativesarrivedtopartakeinacannibalfeast,CrusoeandFridaymanagedtokillmostofthenativesandsavedtwooftheprisoners.OnewasFridaysfatherandtheotherwasaSpaniard,whoinformedCrusoethattherewereotherSpaniardsshipwreckedonthemainland.AplanwasdevisedwhereintheSpaniardwouldreturnwithFridaysfathertothemainlandandbroughtbacktheothers,builtashipandsailedtoaSpanishport.BeforetheSpaniardsreturned,anEnglishshipappeared;@#@mutineershadtakencontroloftheshipandintendedtomaroontheirformercaptainontheisland.Crusoeandtheshipscaptainstrokeadealinwhichhehelpedthecaptainandtheloyalsailorsretooktheshipfromthemutineers,whereupontheyintendedtoleavetheworstofthemutineersontheisland.BeforetheyleftforEngland,Crusoeshowedtheformermutineershowhelivedontheislandandstatesthattherewouldbemoremencoming.CrusoelefttheislandonDecember19,1686andarrivedinEnglandonJune11,1687.Helearnedthathisfamilybelievedhimdeadandtherewasnothinginhisfatherswillforhim.CrusoedepartedforLisbontoreclaimtheprofitsofhisestateinBrazil,whichhadgrantedhimalargeamountofwealth.Inconclusion,hetookhiswealthoverlandtoEnglandtoavoidtravelingatsea.FridaycamewithhimandalongthewaytheyenduredonelastadventuretogetherastheyfoughtoffhundredsoffamishedwolveswhilecrossingthePyrenees.III.ColonialisminRobinsonCrusoeAsnovelistJamesJoycenotedthatthetruesymboloftheBritishconquestisRobinsonCrusoe:
@#@HeisthetrueprototypeoftheBritishcolonist.ThewholeAnglo-SaxonspiritisinCrusoe:
@#@themanlyindependence,theunconsciouscruelty,thepersistence,theslowyetefficientintelligence,thesexualapathy,thecalculatingtaciturnity.3.1BriefIntroductionofColonialism3.1.1DefinitionofColonialismWhatiscolonialism?
@#@Itreferstoakindofinvasionpolicythatagreaterpowertakessomemilitary,politicalandeconomicmeasurestooccupy,collocateandexploitotherweakandlittlecountries,nationalitiesanddistrictswhicharefallingbehindothercountriessothattheycanmakethemcoloniesorsemi-colonies.3.1.2BriefIntroductionofDifferentFormsofColonialismAsChenLanwroteinthethesisRobinsonCrusoeandPost-colonialism,“EuropeancolonialismbeganwhenColombiafoundAmericancontinentin1492.Traditionally,peopleseeColombiaasanationalherofromtheEuropeancolonialistsstand.Butsince1990s,moreandmorescholarsinthewesthaveseenthenegativeaspectsofColombiasvoyagesfromthepointoftheIndians.TheythinkthatColombiaandEuropeancolonialistsbringdestructio
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