英国概况复习题Word文件下载.docx
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英国概况复习题Word文件下载.docx
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英国概况复习题英国概况复习题英国概况复习题1.TheU.K.issituatedinNorthwesternEurope.2.TheUnitedKingdomofGreatBritainandNorthernIrelandconsistsofEngland,Scotland,andWales;@#@numeroussmallercoastalislands;@#@andNorthernIreland.3.ThelargestpartofU.K.isEngland.4.TheU.K.liestothe_west_ofFrance.5.ThecapitalofEnglandandofGreatBritainisLondon6._NorthernIreland_iscomposedofsixIrishcountiesthatelectedtoremainintheunionwithGreatBritain.7.ThelongestriverinBritainistheSevernRiver,andthelargestlakeisLoughNeaghinNorthernIreland,whilethemostfamouslakeisLochNess.8.Englishistheofficiallanguage,butnotalloftheBritishpeoplespeakit.InWalesmanypeoplespeakWelsh;@#@inScotlandabout80,000peopleintheHighlandspossesstheirownGaeliclanguage.9.BenNevis,1343m,standsintheScottishHighlands,isthehighestpeakinBritain.10.Wales_isonthewesternprominencebetweentheBristolChannelandtheDeeestuary.11.Mt.SnowdonstandsinWales12.Scotlandoccupiesthe_.northern_portionofGreatBritain.13.TheBankofEnglandwasnationalizedin194614.ThecenteroftheBritainfinancialsystemisBankofEngland15.Britainisbasicallyanimporteroffoodandrawmaterials16.Britishfarmersproduceenoughfoodtosupply2/3oftheneedsofthepopulation.17.CheviothillsliealongtheborderbetweenWalesandEngland.18.“ThebackboneofEngland”referstothePennies19.ThecapitalsofEnglandandScotlandareLondonandEdinburgh_.20.BritaindoesntshareanyborderwithothercountriesexceptIreland21.TheclimateofBritainismoremoistbecauseof_AtlanticGulfStream_.22.ThemainriversinBritainrunfromnorth_tosouth_.23.ThelongestriverinBritainisSevern_whilethesecondlongestoneisThames,alongwhichsituatedthecityofLondonandOfxford.24.TheU.K.isrichinthefollowingexcept_gold_25.TheUnitedKingdomisrichincoal_,iron,tin,copper,leadandsilver.26.TheEnglishareAnglo-Saxoninorigin,buttheWelsh,theScotsandtheIrishareCelts.27.GreaterLondonismadeupof12_Inner_Londonboroughsand20OuterLondonboroughs.28.TowerofLondon,ahistoricalsight,usedtobea_nationalprison_,whichwasbuiltbytheWilliamtheconqueror.29.TheresidenceofPrimeMinisterandtheQueenareNo.10DowingStreetand_BuckinghamPalace_30.ThesecondlargestcityofEnglandis_Birmingham_whilethesecondlargestportofEnglandisLiverpool.31.Thecityholdinganinternationalfestivalofmusicandtheartseveryyearis_Edinburgh_32.Manchesterisanindustrialandcommercialcentre33.CardiffisthecapitalofWales.BelfastisthecapitalofnorthenIreland34.TheQueensUniversityisinthecityof_Belfast_35.Christianityhastreemaingroups:
@#@Catholicism,OrthodoxEasternChurch,Protestantism.36.JuliusCaesarinvadedBritain_twice_37.CeltictribesbegantosettleinBritainfromabout_750_B.C.38.KingArthurwasthekingofCelts.39.Atabout3000BC,someoftheIberians_settledinBritain.40.TheearliestknownsettlersontheBritishIsleswere_Iberian_.41.TherealRomanconquestofBritainbeganin43A.D.42.ChristianitywasfirstbroughttoEnglandby_Romans_.43.TheRomanoccupationofBritainlastednearly400years.44.Inabout122A.D,inordertokeepbackthePictsandScots,theRomansbuiltwall,calledHadrainsWall.45.410-871,theGermanictribescametoEngland,thelatterare:
@#@theAngles,SaxonsandJutes.46.Inthelate6thcenturyChristianity_wasintroducedintoEngland.47.Thefirst“KingoftheEnglish”was_Egbert_48.NationalEpic_,consideredthegreatestOldEnglishpoem.49.Beowulf,consideredthegreatestOldEnglishpoem,isassignedtoAnglo-SaxonTimes.50.ThemostfamousscholarduringAnglo-SaxonTimeswasBede51.Alfred_wasconsideredthefirstnationalhero.52.TheheadofthechurchinAnglo-Saxontimeswas_theArchbishopofCanterbury_.53.TheVikingswhoinvadedEnglandattheturnofthe8thcenturycamefromNorwayandDenmark_54.Bytheendofthe7thcenturyEnglandwasdividedintoanumberofkingdoms,andthereforecalled_Heptarchy_.55.TheNormanConquestincreasedtheprocessof_feudalism_whichhadbegunduringtheAnglo-SaxonTimes.56.KingEdwardwasknownas_Confessor_becauseofhisreputationofsaintliness.57.InthereignoftheNormanKings,threelanguageswereusedinEngland:
@#@French_,EnglishandLatin.58.TheBattleof_Hastings_pavedthewayfortheconquestofEngland.59.TheBattleofHastingstookplacein_1066_.60.OnChristmasDay1066,DukeWilliamknowninthehistoryasWilliamthe_Conqueror_wascrownedin_Westerminster_Abbey_.61.In1086Williamhadhisofficialtomakeageneralsurveyoftheland,knownas_Domesday_Book.62.HouseofPlantagenetwasestablishedsoonafterHenryIIsucceededtothethrone.63.In1181HenryIIissuedthe_AssizeofArms_whichmadeitcompulsoryforeveryfreemaninEnglandtobeprovidedwitharms.64.HenryIIappointedin1162ThomasBecketArchbishopofCanterbury.65.Inhistory_Johnwasnicknamed“KingofLackland”.66.ThefounderoftheEnglishlegalsystemandthecommonlawwas_HenryII_.67.UnderHenryIIsrule,ThomasBecket,theArchbishopofCanterbury_wasmurdered.Hisdeathhasbeenthesubjectofseveraldramas,themostnoteworthyofwhichisEliots_Murderinthecathedral_.68.TheGreatCharterwassignedbyKingJohnintheyear1215.69.TheGreatChartercontained_three_setsofprovisions.70MagnaCarta(大宪章,法语词汇)isalsocalledtheGreatCharter.72.SimondeMonfortforcedHenryaccepttheirowncouncil,calledparliament.Parliamentof1265whichknownasthe_AllEstatesParliamentisgenerallyconsideredthe“beginningofparliament”.73.In1295,Edwardsummonedthe“AllEstatesParliament”whichincludedmorethan400membersknowninhistoryasthe_Modelparliament_.74.ThesecondandmoreimportantphaseofmedievalAnglo-Frenchhostilitybeganin1337andendedin1453,andisthereforeknownasthe_HundredYearsWar_.75.TheHundredYearsWarhappenedbetweenEnglandandFrance.76.TheHundredYearsWarwasbotha_feudal_and_trade_war.77.BytheendoftheHundredYearsWaronlytheportof_Calais_remainedunderEnglishrule.78.Inthe14thcenturytookplacethe_BlackDeath_,theseverestofmanyplaguesinthemiddleages79.WhileEdwardwasbusywithhiswars,parliamentdevelopedrapidly,anddividedintothreeparts:
@#@_House_ofLords_,_HouseofCommons_,and_Cabinet_.TheofficialheadofParliamentatpresentistheQueen80.FeudalisminEnglandbegantodeclineintheearly_14_century_.81.ThePeasantsUprisingin1381wasledby_WattTyler82.AftertheReformationtheRomanCatholicChurchwasinternational,theEnglishChurchwasstrictlynational_.83._JohnWycliffe_andhisfollowers,knownas_Lollards_,provided_ideological_forthelabormovementofthe14th.84._Henry_IV_startedanewdynasty,theHouseofLancaster.85.TheWarsoftheRoseswasacivilwar,betweenthe_familyofLancasterandfamilyofYork_forpower_and_wealth_andultimatelyforthepossessionoftheCrown.86.IntheWarsoftheRosestheLancastrianswirebadgesof_red_rose.87.BytheendoftheWarsoftheRosestheHouseof_Tudor_began88.EdwardbegantheHouseof_Lancaster_.89.BythebeginningoftheTudorreignthemanorsystemwasreplacedbythe_money_system.90.TheEnclosureMovementbeganinthe_15th_century.91.TheexplorerwhofirstdiscoveredandidentifiedthenewcontinentsisChristopherColumbus.92.JohnHawkins_startedtheslavetradeinthesecondpartofthe16thcentury.93.Thetworesultsoftheenclosuremovementthe_primitiveaccumulation_ofcapitalandsupplyof_cheaplabour_andpavedthewayforthedevelopmentofcapitalism.94.UnderElizabethI_theAnglicanChurch_wasrestored,andshewasdeclared“governor”ofthechurch.95.MaryIre-establishedCatholicismandburntthreehundredProtestants,forwhichshewascalled“_Bloody_”Mary.96.Thethinkers,whoworkedforfreedomandenlightenment,werecalled_humanists_.97.ThedirectcauseofReformationinEnglandwas_HenrysVIIIdivorcecase98.ThegreatestdramatistofElizabethanagewas_Shakespeare_.99.ThedirectcaseoftheReformationofEnglandwas_Henry_sdivorcecase.In1534,theparliamentpassedtheActof_Supremacy_,accordingtowhichthekingwasdeclaredtheheadofEnglishChurch.100.Renaissancemeansrebirth_,theEuroperediscovereditsoriginsintheculturesofancient_Greek_and_Rome_.101.ThemasterpieceofThomasMoreis_Utopia_.AndJohnMiltonwasfamousforhis_Paradise_Lost_.102.ThegreatestEnglishhumanistwasSirThomasMore_.103.ThemasterpieceofChristopherMarloweisDoctorFaustus_.104._EdmundSpenser_isknownas“Poetspoet”andhismasterpieceis_FaerieQueen_.105.Inthefirsthalfof17thcentury_captialism_growrapidlyinEngland.106.TheHouseof_Stuart_wasnotoriousforitsabsolutistrule.107.ThefirstCivilWarinBritainlastedfrom_1642_to1646_108.ThereligiouspersecutionmainlyexistedduringthereignofCharlesI_._109.Englandfirstbecameaseapowerinthetimeof_ElizabethI_.110.In1649,_CharlesI_wascutoffandEnglandwasdeclaredaCommonwealth.111.In1653_OliverCromwell_wasmadeLordProtectorforlife.112.DuringtheEnglishCivilWars,thosewhostoodforParliamentwerecalledRoundheadsandthesupportersoftheKingwerecalledCavaliersorRoyalists113.In1653parliamentwasdissolvedandCromwellwasmade_LordProtector_.114.In1688,WilliamandMarywerecalledbacktobethejointrulersofEnglandtoreplaceJamesII,thisCoupDEtatwasknowninhistoryas_Glorious_Revolution.115.In1689the“BillofRights”waspassed._TheConstitutionalMonarchy_beganinEngland.116.In1689Parliamentpassed“_BillofRights_”,limitingthepowersofthecrown.117.AftertheCrimeanWar_Russia_wasforcednottofortifySebastopol.118.AfterSevenYearsWar,BritainbecamepredominantinAmericaandIndia.119.Th
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