汽车实用英语复习指导Word文件下载.docx
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汽车实用英语复习指导Word文件下载.docx
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掌握:
要求学员对这部分内容能够理解并能够比较完整地回答;
该部分主要是本课程的基本内容概念、基本理论和基本方法。
重点掌握:
要求学员对这部分内容能够深入理解并熟练把握,同时能准确地应用。
复习的基本要求一、全面、认真阅读文字教材,在系统、深刻领会教材的基本理论和方法基础上,把握住重点内容(重点内容列在后面)。
复习过程要结合录像教材、直播课堂,结合网上资源等进行。
二、注意运用所学理论和方法对问题进行分析。
本课程是一门实践性较强的课程,学生应注重运用这门课程中所学的基本原理对汽车的实用电路进行分析。
三、认真复习平时作业,注意总结辅导教师对自己平时作业所给的意见,结合作业讲评和交流情况加深对课程基本内容的理解和掌握。
各章复习范围第1课HistoryofAutomobile本课主要介绍了汽车的发展史。
具体要求如下:
一、重点掌握1词汇:
automobile,vehicle,auto,motorvehicle,MPV,engine,internalcombustionengine,fuel,gasoline,petrol,diesel,wheel,crankshaft,piston,cylinder,stroke,four-strokeengine,motorcycle,carburetor,assemblyline,transportation,sparkplug,front,rear,body2句子:
1)Theautomobileasweknowitwasnotinventedinasingledaybyasingleinventor.Thehistoryoftheautomobilereflectsanevolutionthattookplaceworldwide.Itisestimatedthatover100,000patentscreatedthemodernautomobile.2)Aninternalcombustionengineisanyenginethatusestheexplosivecombustionoffueltopushapistonwithinacylinder-thepistonsmovementturnsacrankshaftthatthenturnsthecarwheelsviaachainoradriveshaft.第2课IntroductiontoAutomobile本课介绍了汽车的基本结构、各个主要部件的工作原理,以及汽车对社会的影响。
Chassis,electricalsystem,shaft,drivenshaft,drivenwheel,gear,pistonengine,compression,ignition,sparkignition(SI),compressionignition(CI),suspensionsystem,brakingsystem,steeringsystem,drivingsystem,transmission,transmit,gearbox,finaldrive,differential,clutch,torque,power,neutral,neutralgear,reversegear,spring,steeringwheel,ABS,battery,hood,trunkdeck,charge,wear,pressure,temperature,axle,frame,speed,maintain3句子:
1)Thevehiclecanbeusuallysubdividedintoseveralmajorcategories:
thebody,theengineorpowersource,thechassisandtheelectricalsystem.2)Themaincomponentsofthetransmissionsystemaretheclutch,gearbox,finaldrive,anddifferential.3)Twotypesofbrakesareusedinmoderncars:
drumbrakesanddiscbrakes.4)Themajorpartsofelectricalsysteminacarincludethebattery,thestartingsystem,thechargingsystem,theignitionsystem,thelightingsystem,theauxiliarysystemandsomeelectronicdevicesusedonmodernautomobiles.第3课EngineFundamentals本课介绍了发动机的基本术语、四冲程发动机的基本结构以及工作原理。
一、重点掌握1.词汇:
Cycle,TopDeadCenter(TDC),BottomDeadCenter(BDC),filter,airfilter,oilfilter,fuelfilter,pump,waterpump,fuelpump,oilpump,oil,injection,nozzle,electronic,electrical,intake,exhaust,valve,compress,lubricate,coolingsystem,waterjacket,coolant,antifreeze,volume,combustionchamber,air-fuelmixture,sweptvolume,totalcapacity,multi-cylinderengine,clearancevolume,compressionratio,emissioncontrolsystem,fueltank,oilpan2句子:
1)Thistermisusedtodescribethemovementofthepistonfromoneextremepositiontotheotherextremepositioninsidetheenginecylinder,e.g.fromthehighesttothelowestpositionitcanreach,orvice-versa(lowesttohighestposition).2)Theelectroniccontrolunit(ECU)controlsthefuelinjectionnozzlestoinjectthesmallquantityoffuelintotheintakeportstoproducetheair-fuelmixturethatthenflowsintothecylinderswhereitisignitedandburns.3)Theenginehasmanymovingmetalparts.Ifmetalpartsrubagainsteachother,theywillwearrapidly.Topreventthis,engineshavelubricatingsystemsthatfloodallmovingpartswithacoatingoflubricatingoil.4)Thesecondstrokecausesanupwardmotionofthepiston.Thespaceabovethepistonisnowsealedduetotheinletvalveclosingandtheexhaustvalvehavingalreadyclosed.Thisupwardmotionofthepistoncausesthepetrol/airmixturetobecompressedandtheresultisanincreaseinpressureandtemperatureofthemixture.第4课DieselEngine本课对柴油机进行了介绍,主要包括柴油机的工作原理、柴油机的供油系统。
Spray,inject,self-ignition,transmit,accelerate,coach,lorry,tank,low-pressurepipe,fuelfilter,fuelliftpump,fuelinjectionpump,high-pressurepipe,fuelinjector,fuelleak-offpipe,liter,fillerneck,in-linepump,distributorPumpAssembly(DPA),camshaft2.句子:
1)Thedieselenginesarecompressionignitionengines.Thedieselengineusestheheatofcompressiontoignitethefuel.2)Onemajordifferencebetweenadieselengineandapetrolengineisthatthedieselenginehasaveryhighcompressionratio.3)Compressionignitionenginesareefficient,lastlongerandarecheapertomaintainthanpetrolenginesbutaresometimesexpensive,noisierandslowertoaccelerate.4)Themaincomponentsofthefuelsupplysystemforadieselengineincludeafuelstoragetank,low-pressurepipes,variousfuelfilters,fuelliftpump,fuelinjectionpump,high-pressurepipes,fuelinjectorsandfuelleak-offpipes.Thesystemisthereforealittlemorecomplicatedthanthefuelsupplysystemforaspark-ignitionengine.5)Fuelfiltersareusedtopreventthedust,abrasiveparticlesandwaterreachingthefuelinjectionpumpandinjector,wheretheywouldcauseahighrateofwearontheprecision-machinedcomponentsandleadtoshorterlife.第6课CylinderBlockandCylinderHead本课主要介绍气缸体和气缸盖。
cylinderblock,cylinderhead,bearing,coolingpassageway,coolingjacket,radiator,manufacturer,assembly,air-cooledengine,liquid-cooledengine,castiron,aluminum,alloy,liner,in-lineengine,valvemechanism,manifold,heaterhose,lubricant,gasket,seal,crankcase2.句子:
1)Thecylinderblockisthefoundationoftheengineallotherpartsareattachedtoit.Itsmostimportantfunctionistoprovideastrong,unmovablemountingforenginecomponentssuchasthecrankshaftandcylindersandsoon.2)Variousmoderncastingtechniquesareusedtolightenthecylinderblock.Itistheheaviestpartoftheengine,andthemoreitcanbesafelylightened,thelighterthecar.Thismeansbetterfueleconomy.3)Twokindsofcylinderliners,drylinerandwetliner,canbeinstalledafterthecylinderblockiscast.4)Thecylinderheadsonmanyenginesalsoformtheupperendofthecombustionchambersforeachcylinder.Thepistonheadandpistonringsformthelowerendofthecombustionchambers.5)Attachedtothecylinderheadaresuchcomponentsasvalvemechanisms,sparkplugsorinjectors,exhaustandinletmanifolds,temperaturesensors,heaterhoseconnectors,topradiatorhoseconnector,andarockerorcamshaftcover.第7课Piston,ConnectingRod,Crankshaft本课介绍了活塞、连杆和曲轴。
Connectingrod,bearing,pistonhead,pistonring,pistonpin,compressionring,oilring,crankpin,forge,counterweight,flywheel,mainjournal,camshaft,keyway,Woodruffkey,gear,sprocket,pulley,auxiliary,generator,coolantpump,powersteeringpump,flange,oil-thrower,machine,mainbearingcap,bolt,bore2.句子:
1)Thepistonmustbestrong.Butitmustbelighttoreduceinertialoadsonthebearings.Forthisreason,pistonsformodernenginesaremadeofaluminumalloy.Thisisalightmetal.2)Thepistonringsmaintainaslidingsealbetweenthecylinderwallandthepiston.Thepistoncannotbefittedtightlyenoughtoformagoodsealbyitself.Theremustbesomeclearancesothatthepistoncanslidewithoutsticking.3)Duringmanufacture,therodsandcapsareindividuallymatchedtoeachother.Theyusuallycarryidentifyingnumberssothattheywillnotbemixedupiftheengineisdisassembled.4)Thecrankshaftassemblyincludesthecrankshaft,bearings,flywheel,harmonicbalancer,timinggear,andfrontandrearseals.5)ThecrankshaftusuallydrivesthecamshaftfromitsfrontendandisusuallymachinedtoaccommodateakeywaytoretainaWoodruffkey(half-moonshaped)andagearorsprocketislocatedonthiskeywaywhichisemployedtodrivethecamshaft.第8课ValveMechanismofanEngine本课介绍了发动机的配气系统。
valvemechanism,valvetrain,valveseat,valveguide,cam,camshaft,overheadcamshaft,DOHC,pushrod,rockerarm,lifter,valve,bushing,valvestem,valveface,valvefloat,valvebounce,time,timinggear,timingchain2.句子:
1)Therearetwovalvesforeachcylinder.Oneistheintakevalve.Theotheristheexhaustvalve.However,certainhigh-performanceenginesusefourvalvespercylinder,twointakevalvesandtwoexhaustvalves.2)Thevalvetrainsaredividedintosidecamshafttypeandoverheadcamshaft(OHC)type,seeninFig.2,accordingtothelocationofthecamshaft.3)IntheOHCengine,thecamshaftismountedonorinthecylinderhead.Inthistypethereisnonecessarytohavethelongpushrod.Thismethodofoperationismuchmoreefficientbecausefewermovingpartsareinvolved(nopushrod).4)Theintakeandexhaustvalvesoperateatdifferenttemperature.Theintakevalvesrunmuchcoolerthantheexhaustvalves.5)Forthevalvestoopenandcloseincorrectrelationtothepositionofthecrankshaft,thecamshaftmustbetimedtothecrankshaft.Thismeansthatthetwoshaftsmustbeassembledsothatthecamsopenthevalvesataprecisetimeinrelationtothepositionofthepistonandcrankshaft.第9课EngineLubricationSystem本课介绍了发动机润滑系统。
lubricationsystem,oilpan,oilpump,mainoilgallery,oilfilter,oilpressurereliefvalve,oilcooler,oilsensor,reservoir,gravity,positivedisplacementpump,gear-typepump,eccentric-rotor-typepump,full-flowfilter,by-passfilter,dashboard,lifter2.句子:
1)Theenginehasmanymovingparts.Thesepartsmustbelubricatedadequatelyinorderfortheenginetooperatecorrectly.2)Thelubricationsystemisdesignedtosupplylubricant,theoil,toallthemovingpartsoftheenginetoseparatetheirsurfaces,reducefriction,andactasacoolantanddetergent.3)Thelubricationsystemiscomposedofseveralparts.Theseincludetheoilpan,oilpump,mainoilgalleries,oilfilters,oilpressurereliefvalves(regulatorvalves),oilcooler,andoilsensors.Thesepartsareneededtomakethelubricationsystemoperatecorrectly.4)Theoilpumpoperatesallthetimewhentheengineisrunning.Theyarenormallydrivenbythecamshaftorcrankshaft.Anumberofdifferenttypesofpumpareinuse,
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