高中英语语法 定语从句专题文档格式.docx
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高中英语语法 定语从句专题文档格式.docx
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被修饰的名词或代词叫做定语从句的先行词。
3.用来引导定语从句的词叫做关系词。
关系代词的种类:
关系代词that,which,who,whose,关系副词:
when,where,why
(二)定语从句分类限定性定语从句:
从句对先行词进行必要的描述或说明,对先行词起修饰限定作用,从句与先行词紧密相连缺少它,则句义显得不完整,一般不用逗号隔开。
非限定性定语从句:
对先行词进行补充说明,解释,它与先行词关系松散,用逗号隔开。
1.ThemanwhogavemethisbookisTom.(限定性)2.Tom,whoisreadingabook,ismyclassmate(非限定性)(三)关系代词1.who,whom,whose;
that;
whichTheman_issittingunderthetreeisaGerman.Thestudents_speaksGermanbestcomesfromChina.Theman_youwanttoseeishere.Theman_youlookforhasleft.Iknowthegirl_theteacherisspeakingto.Iknowthegirlto_theteacherisspeaking.Everyoneheplpsthechild_parentsaredead.Theyarethelazystudents_homeworkwasnthandedin.归纳总结:
who指_-,在定语从句中作_,宾语;
that也可指人,但多用who.Whom指_,在句中做_,可省略,但在做介词的宾语是只能用whom,不能用who.关系代词前有介词时不能省略。
whose,作_,可指人或物.2.Heisthefinestcomradethathashelpedus.Thisisaplant_growsinthenorth.that指人或物,多指物,作_(不能省略)或_(可省略)which,指物,在句中做主语(不能省略),或宾语(可省略)只能that用做关系代词的情况1.当先行词是all,everything,anything,nothing,much,little,none,one等不定代词时2.当先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时3.如果出现两个或两个以上的先行词,并同时兼指人和物时4.当先行词被theonly,thelast,theway,thesame等等修饰时。
5.在疑问词which开头的特殊疑问句中,为了避免重复只用that。
6.当先行词被All,every,no,some,any,little,much等修饰时,只用that。
7.当被修饰的成分是数词时,(被修饰成分是代名词one,指人时除外)只用that.(四)关系副词1.when,where,whye.g.Hestillrememberthedaywhenhejoinedthearmy.Illneverforgetthetimewhen(duringwhich)weworkedonthefarm.Istillrememberthedaythat/whichishisbirthay.Heregrettedthedaysthat/whichhespentonplay.Herememberesthedayswhenhespentmuchmoneyonstories.在定语从句中作状语,先行词主要为一些时间名词(year,day,time,week等),但时间名词在从句中作主语,宾语时,应用_,_不能用whenItisthefirsttimethat句型中,that是习惯用法,不用when。
Eg:
Iknowthefactory_Iworkedtwentyyearsago.Thisisthehouse_hehaslivedfor20years.Thisisthehousethathehaslivedinfor20years.Thisistheshool_westudyeveryyear.Thisistheshool_wevisitedyesterday.
(1)where指前面的地点,在从句中作_
(2)指地点,在句中作主语,宾语时不能用where,须用that/which.注:
有时when,where相当于“介词+at/in+which”.e.g.Helefttheroomwhere/inwhichhelivedlastyear.(3)当先行词为某个方面、情况、阶段、位置等的词时使用关系副词3.why表示原因Thereasonwhyhedidntattendthemeetingisthathewasill.(五)“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句当先行词在定于从句中作介词的宾语时,往往可以把介词放在关系代词之前,构成“介词+关系代词(whom/which)”结构。
但一些短语东西如lookafter等中的介词不能与动词分开,故不能放在关心代词之前。
确定介词时:
一是,依据定于从句中动词所需要的某种习惯搭配,二是,依据先行词的某种习惯搭配,三是,根据所要表达的意思来确定,例如:
(六).非限定性定语从句指人做主语用who,作宾语用whom,指地点用where,指时间when,指物只用which,不能用that,作定语用whose。
e.g.Hedidntseethefilm,whichwasveryinteresting.(不用that)(七)as引导的限制性定语从句such.as:
像.一样的,像.之类;
thesameas:
和.相同(代指同类事物);
thesamethat:
和.相同(代指同一事物)as可以像which一样引导非限制性定语从句,用来代表整个句子的内容,它的先行词可以是名词,也可以是不定式短语或整个句子。
as在从句中作主语、宾语和表语。
此外,有些as引导的定语从句已成为固定用法,如:
AsweknowAshasbeensaidbefore如上所述AsisknowntoallAsisoftenthecase像通常那样AsisreportedAswasexpected正如预料的那样重点比较as和which引导的非限制性定语从句的联系和区别as和which都可以代替整个句子,当定语从句置于主句之后时,as和which可以和互换。
Eg:
Hedidnttellmeanynews,as/whichupsetme.Which引导的从句,代表的前面的整个主句时,不能放在主句之前。
而as引导的定语从句,代表整个主句时,可以放在主句之前或之后,有时也可以放在主语和谓语之间。
Asisreportedinthenewspapers,talksbetweenthetwocountriesaremakingprogress.=Talksbetweenthetwocountries,asisreportedinthenewspapers,aremakingprogress.As与that的区别As引导的定语从句表示它的内容与主句所讲的内容相似,即指同类事物;
that引导定语从句表示的内容与主句相同,即为同一事物。
e.g.ThisisthesamepenthatIlostyesterday.这正是我昨天丢的钢笔。
ThisisthesamepenasIlostyesterday.这正像我昨天丢的钢笔。
针对练习11.【2011全国卷I】Theprizewillgotothewriter_storyshowsthemostimagination.A.thatB.whichC.whoseD.what2.【2011四川卷】Theschoolshop,_customersaremainlystudents,isclosedfewtheholidays.A.whichB.whoseC.whenD.where3.10山东Thatsthenewmachine_partsaretoosmalltobeseen.A.thatB.whichC.whoseD.What4.10陕西Theoldtemple_roofwasdamagedinstormisnowunderrepair.A.whereB.whichC.itsD.whose5.10北京Childrenwhoarenotactiveordietishighinfatwillgainweightquickly.A.whatB.whoseC.whichD.that6.10重庆Inchina,thenumberofcitiesisincreasing_developmentisrecognizedacrosstheworld.A.whereB.whichC.whoseD.that7.09天津Aperson_e-mailaccountisfullwontbeabletosendorreceiveanye-mails.A.whoB.whomC.whoseD.whoever8.09安徽Manychildren,parentsareawayworkinginbigcities,aretakengoodcareofinthevillageAtheirBwhoseCofthemDwithwhom9.09湖南IwasborninNewOrleans,Louisiana,acitynamewillcreateapictureofbeautifultreesandgreengrassinourmind.A.whichB.ofwhichC.thatD.whose针对练习21.【2011上海卷】Youllfindtaxiswaitingatthebusstation_youcanhiretoreachyourhostfamily.A.whichB.whereC.whenD.as2.【2011山东卷】Theoldtownhasnarrowstreetsandsmallhouses_arebuiltclosetoeachother.A.theyB.whereC.whatD.that3.【2011福建卷】Shehasagiftforcreatinganatmosphereforherstudents_allowsthemtocommunicatefreelywitheachother.A.whichB.whereC.whatD.who4.10湖南IvebecomegoodfriendswithseveralofthestudentsinmyschoolImetintheEnglishspeechcontestlastyear.A.whoB.whereC.whenD.which5.10全国Irefusetoaccepttheblameforsomething_wassomeoneelsesfault.A.whoB.thatC.asD.what关系副词针对性练习31.2011江苏卷)Betweenthetwopartsoftheconcertisaninterval(间隔;
幕间,休息时间;
距离),_theaudiencecanbuyice-cream.A.whenB.whereC.thatD.which2.【2011安徽卷)Whateverisleftovermaybeputintotherefrigerator,_itwillkeepfortwoorthreeweeks.A.whenB.whichC.whereD.while3.【2011浙江卷)Abankistheplace_theylendyouanumbrellainfairweatherandaskforitbackwhenitbeginstorain.A.whenB.thatC.whereD.there4.【2011福建卷)ItwasApril29,2001PrinceWilliamandKateMiddletonwalkedintothepalacehalloftheweddingceremony.AthatBwhenCsinceDberore5【2011陕西卷)Iwalkeduptothetopofthehillwithmyfriend,_weenjoyedasplendidviewofthelake.A.whichB.whereC.whoD.that6.10福建StephenHawkingbelievesthatearthisunlikelytobetheonlyplanetlifehasdevelopedgradually.A.thatB.whereC.whichD.whose7.10江西Thegirlarrangedtohavepianolessonsatthetrainingcenterwithhersister_shewouldstayforanhour.AwhereBwhoCwhichDwhat8.10天津-CanyoubelieveIhadtopay30dollarsforahaircut?
-YoushouldtrythebarbersIgo.Itsonly15.A.asB.whichC.whereD.that9.09上海Mozartsbirthplaceandthehouse_hecomposedTheMagicFlutearebothmuseumsnow。
A.whereB.whenC.thereD.which10.09四川Shellneverforgetherstaythere__shefoundhersonwhohadgonemissingtwoyearsbefore.A.thatB.whichC.whereD.when11.09福建Itshelpfultoputchildreninasituationtheycanseethemselvesdifferently.A.thatB.whenC.whichD.where12.09浙江Ihavereachedapointinmylife_Iamsupposedtomakedecisionsofmyown.A.whichB.whereC.howD.why13.09重庆Lifeislikealongrace_wecompetewithotherstogobeyondourselves.A.whyB.whatC.thatD.where14.09北京Whatdoyouthinkofteacher,Bob?
Ifinditfunandchallenging.Itisajob_youaredoingsomethingseriousbutinteresting.A.whereB.whichC.whenD.that15.08北京Illgiveyoumyfriendshomeaddress,Icanbereachedmostevenings.A.whichB.whenC.whomD.where16.08安徽Alltheneighborsadmirethisfamily,theparentsaretreatingtheirchildlikeafriend.A.whyB.whereC.whichD.that17.08江西Laterinthischaptercaseswillbeintroducedtoreadersconsumercomplaintshaveresultedinchangesinthelaw.A.whereB.whenC.whoD.which18.08重庆TheywillflytoWashington,theyplantostayfortwoorthreedays.A.whereB.thereC.whichD.when19.08山东OccasionsarequiterareIhavethetimetospendadaywithmykids.A.whoB.whichC.whyD.when介词+关系代词针对性练习41.10山东Windpowerisanancientsourceofenergywemayreturninthenearfuture.A.onwhichB.bywhichC.towhichD.fromwhich2.09陕西GuncontrolisasubjectAmericanshavearguedforalongtime.A.ofwhichB.withwhichC.aboutwhichD.intowhich3.09江西ThehouseIgrewup_hasbeentakendownandreplacedbyanofficebuilding.A.initB.inC.inthatD.inwhich4.10浙江Thesettlementishometonearly1,000people,manyoflefttheirvillagehomesforabetterlifeinthecity.A.whomB.whichC.themD.those5.08福建Bynineoclock,alltheOlympictorchbearershadreachedthetopofMountQomolangma,appearedararerainbowsoon.A.ofwhichB.onwhichC.fromwhichD.abovewhich6.08四川Formanycitiesintheworld,thereisnoroomtospreadoutfurther,NewYorkisanexample.A.forwhichB.inwhichC.ofwhichD.fromwhich非限定性定语从句针对性练习51.【2011全国卷II)】TedcamefortheweekendwearingonlysomeshortsandaT-shirt,_isastupidthingtodoinsuchweather.A.thisB.thatC.whatD.which2.【2011北京卷)】MarywasmuchkindertoJackthanshewastotheothers,_,ofcourse,makealltheothersupset.A.whoB.whichC.whatD.that3.【2011江西卷)】Sheshowedthevisitorsaroundthemuseum,theconstruction_hadtakenmorethanthreeyears.A.forwhichB.withwhichC.ofwhichD.towhich4.【2011江苏卷)】Betweenthetwopartsoftheconcertisaninterval,_theaudiencecanbuyice-cream.A.whenB.whereC.thatD.which5.【2011安徽卷)】Whateverisleftovermaybeputintotherefrigerator,_itwillkeepfortwoorthreeweeks.A.whenB.whichC.whereD.while6.【2011浙江卷)】Englishisalanguagesharedbyseveraldiversecultures,eachof_usesitsomewhatdifferently.A.whichB.whatC.themD.those7【2011陕西卷)】Iwalkeduptothetopofthehillwithmyfriend,_weenjoyedasplendidviewofthelake.A.whichB.whereC.whoD.that8.【2011湖南卷)】JuliewasgoodatGerman,FrenchandRussian,allof_shespokefluently.A.whoB.whomC.whichD.that9.10浙江Thesettlementishometonearly1,000people,manyoflefttheirvillagehomesforabetterlifeinthecity.A.whomB.whichC.themD.those10.10江苏Thenewlybuiltcaf,thewallsof_arepaintedlightgreen,isreallyapeacefulplaceforus,speciallyafterhardwork.A.thatB.itC.whatD.which11.10四川Aftergraduatingfromcollege,Itooksometimeoff
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