跨文化交际英语论文优秀word范文 14页.docx
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跨文化交际英语论文优秀word范文 14页.docx
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跨文化交际英语论文优秀word范文14页
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跨文化交际英语论文
篇一:
跨文化交际(英文论文)
Culturaldifferencesineverydayconversations
CulturaldifferencesonpolitenessbetweenwesternandChinesecanbefoundinmanyaspectsofdailycommunication,includingaddressing,greetingandparting,compliments,apologies,thanks,etc.
1.GreetingandParting
Whenpeoplemeetacquaintancesorfriends,peopleusuallygreeteachother.Thepurposeofgreetingistoestablishormaintainsocialcontact.Soformulaicexpressionsareoftenused,butsuchformulaicexpressionsoftencausesconflictbecauseofthegreatculturaldifferencesbetweenChineseandnativeEnglishspeakers.InEnglish,peopleoftenemploythefollowingexpressionstogreeteachother“Goodmorning/evening/afternoon.“Fineday,isn’tit?
”“How’severythinggoing?
”“Haveyoueatenyet?
”Whatareyougoingtodo?
”“Wherehaveyoubeen?
”etc.Westernerstreatthemasrealquestion.WhileinChinese,wealwayssay“你吃了吗?
”“你上哪里去?
”“你干什么去?
”toshowourconsideration.Partingmaybedividedintotwosteps.Beforethefinalprating,thereisusualaleave-taking.WesternandChinesecultureshavediversewaystodealwithleave-takings.Firstly,inEnglishsociety,duringtheclosingphaseofanencounter,from”I”perspective,reasonsforterminatingtheencounterarepresentedinmediatorycomments.Typicalcommentsareassociatedwithexpressionsofapology,suchas“I”amafraidImustbeoff,Ihavetorelievethebaby-sitter”etc.
Westernpeoplebelievethattobewillingtovisitandconversewithsomeoneistohaverespectforhim.;toterminatethevisitingisnotofone’sownfreewill,butbecauseofsomeotherarrangements,thereforetheyalwaystrytomaketheirleavingsoundreluctantbyfindingsomereasonsandapologizeforittomaketheleavingacceptableforbothparties.Englishspeakersoftensignalseveraltimesbeforeleaving.“Well,it’sbeennicetoseeyouagain.Idoenjoyourtalkandthelovelydinner,butImustbegoingsoon”.Thankyouverymuchforaskingmeover.Ihopewe’llbeabletogettogetheragainbeforelong…”Consolidationinawiderrangeofcommonacquaintancesalsooccurs,inexpressionssuchas“SayhellotoJackforme”or“RemembermetoJohn”.InChinesesociety,duringtheclosingphaseofandencounter,usually,froma“you”perspective,reasonsforendingtheencounteraresetforthinmediatoryexpressions.Suchexpressionsinclude“你挺忙的,我就不多打扰了。
”“你一定累了,早点休息吧,我要告辞了。
”,etc.Withthisword,theymaystandupfromtheirseats.Chineseleave-takingisveryshortandquick.Westernpeoplethinkitsoabruptthattheyhavenotpreparedforit.Whilemovingtothedoor,Chineseemployexpressionsofapologylike“对不起没,打扰了。
”“对不起,占用你不少时间。
”ItshouldbenotedthattheseexpressionsemployedbyChinesegueststoshowconcernfortheirhostscanonlybeappropriateforbusinessvisitsintheEnglishenvironment2..AddressingBothwesternandChinesepeoplehavetwokindsofpersonalnames---asurnameandagivenname.Buttheorderandtheuseofthesenamesinthetwolanguagesaresomewhatdifferent.InChinese,thesurnamecomesfirstandthenthegivenname.Andpeoplelikeadd“小”beforetheirfamilyname.Suchas“小王”、“小郑”、“小李”、“小徐”andsoon..Whilewesternersnamesarewrittenandspokenwiththegivennamefirstandthefamilynamelast.SoJohnSmith'sfamilynameisSmith,notJohn.Inaformalsetting,addressmenas"Mister"(abbreviatedas"Mr."),marriedwomenas"Misses"(abbreviatedas"Mrs."),andunmarriedwomenas“Miss"(abbreviatedas"Ms.").Thesedaysmanywomenprefertobeaddressedusingtheabbreviations"Ms."or"M.",pronounced"miss".IfthepersonhasanM.D.orPh.D.,theywilloftenbeaddressedas"Doctor"
(abbreviatedas"Dr.").Facultyareaddressedas"Professor"(abbreviatedas"Prof.").Inaninformalsituation,westernerswillintroduceeachotherbyfirstname,withouttitles,andoccasionallybyjustthelastname.Ifyouareintroducedtosomebodybyfirstname,youcanaddresshimorherbyfirstnamethenexttimeyoumeet.Theonlyexceptionwouldbeforsomeonewhoholdsanimportantposition,suchastheuniversitypresidentorprovost.Unlesstheytellyouotherwise,facultyshouldbeaddressedusingtheirtitleandlastname(e.g.,"ProfessorSmith").WheninDoubt,usetheformalmannerofaddress,sinceitisbettertoerronthesideofformality.Itisalsoappropriatetoaskhowtheyprefertobeaddressed.Childrenshouldalwaysaddressadultsintheformalfashion,usingtheirtitleandlastname.
Anotherdifferenceisabouttheformofaddressing.Fromtheviewpointofsociolinguistics,formsofaddressingcanserveasanindicationoftherelationshipofpowerandsolidarityinthesociety.Incallingtheirsuperiorsorelders,theChineseareaccustomedtothenoeciprocalorasymmetricaladdressing,inotherwo
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