介词和介词词组Word格式.docx
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介词和介词词组Word格式.docx
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Aproposof(关于)highertuition,MrBlacktoldtheboyabouttheeducationalloans(教育贷款)thatbanksareoffering.
Sheneverwouldhavebeenabletomakeasuccessofthedining-roombutfor(要不是)thekindnessandassistanceofthemen.
You'
dbettertrywritingtoJanecareoftheBBC(由BBC转交).They'
llprobablysendtheletterontoher.
Thebigauditoriumwasoddlysilentexceptfor(除了)afewscatteredgiggles.
Itisagoodbooksaveforthelastchapter.
Whatwithdrinkandwhatwithfright(一方面由于醉酒,一方面由于害怕),hedidnotknowmuchaboutthefacts.
2、三词介词
指由三个单词构成的复杂介词---
atvariancewithinlinewith
byarrangementwithinplaceof
byforceofinpointof
bymeansofinreturnfor
byreasonofinsearchof
bywayofinspiteof
forfearofintermsof
forlackofinstorefor
inadditiontoinviewof
in/onbehalfofonaccountof
incaseofon/underpainof
incomparisonwithontopof
inconnectionwithundercoverof
incontrastto/withunder/on(the)pretenceof
inconsequenceofwith/withoutreferenceto
indangerofwith/withoutregardto
indefianceofwithrespectto
indoubtofwithoutprejudiceto
Harryachievedhisaimbyforceof(由于)sheerdetermination.
Inconsequenceof(由于)theshipwreckmanyfamilieswereinmourning.
Inpointofcomposition(就文章而言),herletterdoesnotseemdefective.
Indefianceof(违抗)theordertofinishthework.Joewentawayleavinghalfofitundone.
Intermsofsentence-structure(在句子结构方面),legalsentencesare,almostwithoutexception,complex.
Theyweremadetopromiseunder/onpainofdeath(违者处死)nevertoenterthecountryagain.
Itmustbeunderstoodthatthisconcessionismadewithoutprejudiceto(不应有损于)anyfuturedecisionsofthecommittee.
Ifhethoughtathingwasright,heshoulddoitwithoutregardto(不顾)consequences.
3、四词介词
指由四个单词构成的复杂介词---
attheexpenseofonalevelwith
atthemercyofonthebasisof
attherateofontheeveof
attherootofontheground(s)of
atthetop/bottomofonthepartof
forthebenefitofonthepointof
forthepurposeofonthescoreof
forthesakeofonthesideof
intheabsenceofonthestrengthof
inthecareofonthewatchfor
intheeventofonthevergeof
inthehabitoftotheexclusionof
intheinterest(s)oftotheprejudiceof
inthepayofundertheauspicesof
intheteethofundertheguiseof
inthewakeofwithaviewto
inthewayofwithaneyeto
intheprocessofwiththeaimof
onthebrinkofwiththeexceptionof
Theshipwreckedsailorswereatthemercyofthewindandwaves(任凭风浪摆布)。
Theboywasleftinthecareof(由……照料)hisuncle.
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>
介词与形容词、动词、名词的搭配关系
介词与形容词、动词、名词之间有着广泛的搭配关系。
要掌握介词的用法首先注意这些搭配关系。
1、介词与形容词的搭配
有些形容词要求与一定的介词搭配。
例如:
Isthatcountryrichinminerals?
Heisintenton(一心想)winning.
I'
mindifferenttoheatandcold.
但不少形容词之后可跟不同的介词,表示不同的意义,例如:
Roseisalivetothefeelingofshame.(敏感)
Thecatisalivewithlice.(充满)
Themanisblindinoneeye.(瞎)
Jackwasblindtohisownfault.(不觉察)
也有不少形容词之后可跟不同的介词,而形容词的意义不变,只是其后介词词组的搭配不同。
Joewasverydisappointedatnotfindingherathome.
(其后的介词补足成分通常指事)
Hisparentswillbedisappointedwithherifshefailstheexam.
(其后的介词补足成分通常指人)
2、介词与动词的搭配
介词与动词不达意的搭配通常有四种情况:
1)
动词+介词。
Ishallprevailon(说服)himtomaketheattempt.
Youcanappealtoahighercourtandapplyforafreshtrial.
Weconcentratedondoingonejobatatime.
Hefellinto(养成)thehabitofnotattendingtootherpeople'
sadvice.
Yourcorrespondentshaveonlytouchedupon(涉及)thefringeofthematter.
2)
动词+宾语+介词。
Theyexcludedhimformtheclub.
Theytookmeintotheirconfidence.(他们信任我。
)
Badweatherrobsaholidayofhalfitspleasure.
Hereleasedherfromherpromise.
Thesementookmefor(误认为)aswindler.
上述搭配中的宾语可按语义意图加以改变。
但在多词动词结构中的名词不能随意改变。
Theoldwidowalwaystakespityon(怜悯)somestraycatordog.
Thereportlaysgreatemphasisonthedevelopmentofnurseryschoolsinthearea.
Youshouldtakeadvantageof(利用)thisopportunity,foritmaynotoccuragain.
3)
动词+副词小品词+介词。
Idon'
twishtobreakinon(打断)yourthoughts.
Thefamilycameupagainst(碰到)freshproblems.
renottellingmethewholestory.You'
reholdingouton(对……保密)me.
Shegotoffwith(结识)himsoonaftershebegantoworkattheinstiution.
Weshouldn'
tputtheshortagedownto(把……归在于)badplanning.&
nbs
介词词组与某些限定分句的转换关系
1、介词词组在句中主要是作状语和名词修饰语,它与某些作类似用法的限定从属分句有一定的转换关系,
分述如下:
Didanyoneinformyouofthechangeoftheplans?
Didanyoneinformyouthattheplanshadbeenchanged?
AreyousureaboutSimon'
sdisappearance?
Theyoungmanconvincedeveryoneofhisinnocence.
Theyoungmanconvincedeveryonethathewasinnocent.
2、介词词组在意义上相当于状语分句
Becauseofhismistakeseveralpeopledied.
Becausehemadeamistake,severalpeopledied.
Despitethecity'
smanyattractions,Johnnystillpreferredhiscottageinthecountry.
Althoughthecityhasmanyattractions,Johnnystillpreferredhiscottageinthecountry.
Withinmyknowledge,nothinglikethishaseverhappenedbefore.
SoforasIknow,nothinglikethishaseverhappenedbefore.
Withouthissister'
smoney,Harrywouldneverbeadoctor.
Ifitwere'
tforhissister'
3、介词词组在意义上相当于关系分句
ThemanwitharedbeardistalkingtoHenry'
sfather.
ThemanwhohasaredbeardistalkingtoHenry'
to/at/in/into
1、
可以说go/come/travelto一个地点或场合。
gotoAmerica
gotobed
take(somebody)tohospital
returntoItaly
gotothebank
cometomyhouse
drivetotheairport
gotoaconcert
besenttoprison
WhenareyourfriendsreturningtoItaly?
(不说‘returninginItaly’)
Aftertheaccidentthreepeopleweretakentohospital.
同样可以说:
onmywayto…/ajourneyto…/atripto…/welcometo…:
Welcometoourcountry!
(不说‘welcomein’)
比较to(表示移动)与in/at(表示位置):
TheyaregoingtoFrance.
但要说TheyliveinFrance.
Canyoucometotheparty?
但要说I’llseeyouattheparty.
2、
Beento
通常说‘I’vebeentoaplace’:
I’vebeentoItalyfourtimesbutI’veneverbeentoRome.
Annhasneverbeentoafootballmatchinherlife.
Jackhasgotsomemoney.Hehasjustbeentothebank.
3、
Get与arrive
可以说‘gettoplace’:
WhattimedidtheygettoLondon/gettowork/gettoparty?
但是要说‘arrivein…’或‘arriveat…’(不说‘arriveto’)
可以说‘arrivein’国家或城、镇:
WhendidtheyarriveinBritain/arriveinLondon?
其它地点(建筑物等)或场合用‘arriveat’表示:
Whattimedidtheyarriveatthehotel/arriveattheparty/arriveatwork?
4、
Home
不能说‘tohome’,而要说gohome/comehome/gethome/arrivehome/onthewayhome(不使用介词)
I’mtired.Let’sgohome.(不说‘gotohome’)
ImetCarolineonmywayhome.
但可以说‘beathome’,‘stayathome’,‘dosomethingathome’等。
5、
Into
‘Gointo…’,‘getinto…’<
at/on/in(时间)
At/on/in(时间)
1、
试比较at,on与in:
可以用:
at用来表达一天之内的某个时间:
at5o’clock
at11:
45
atmidnight
atlunchtime
atsunset等
on用来表达星期几和几月几日:
onFriday/onFridays
on12March1991
onChristmasDay
onmybirthday
in用来表达较长的时间(例如,月、季、年):
inOctober
in1968
inthe18thcentury
inthepast
in(the)winter
inthe1970‘s
intheMiddleAges
in(the)future
at用于下列短语:
atnight
Idon’tlikegoingoutatnight.
attheweekend/atweekends
Willyoubehereattheweekend?
atChristmas/atEaster)
DoyougiveeachotherpresentsatChristmas?
(但onChristmasDay)
atthemoment/atpresent
MrBennisbusyatthemoment/atpresent.
atthesametime
LizandIarrivedatthesametime.
注意疑问句通常用‘Whattime…?
’
(通常不用‘Atwhattime…?
’):
Whattimeareyougoingoutthisevening?
可以说:
inthemorning(s)
intheafternoon(s)
intheevening(s)
I’llseeyouinthemorning.
Doyouworkintheevenings?
但要说
onFridaymorning(s)
onSundayafternoon(s)
onMondayevening(s)
I’llbehomeonFridaymorning.
DoyouusuallygooutonSaturdayevening?
Last/next/this/every前不用at/on/in:
I’llseeyounextFriday.(不说‘onnextFriday’)
TheygotmarriedlastMarch.
Inafewminutes/insixmonths等=将来某时
in/at/on(地点)
In/aton(地点)
(1)
In先请看下列例句:
inaroom
inagarden
inabuilding
inatown/city
inabox
inacountry
There’snooneintheroom/inthebuilding/inthegarden.
Whathaveyougotinyourhand/inyourmouth?
WhenwewereinItaly,wespentafewdaysinVenice.(不说‘atVenice’)
Ihaveafriendwholivesinasmallvillageinthemountains.
Lookatthosepeopleswimminginthepool/inthesea/intheriver.
At请看下列例句:
atthetop(ofthepage)
atthebusstop
atthedoor
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