上海高级口译真题解析Word文件下载.docx
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上海高级口译真题解析Word文件下载.docx
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全职主妇的工作没有压力,可以比较自由地安排工作时间,而她们得工作为社会提供实际效益(tangiblebenefits),因此她们的工作让家庭成员和社会受益匪浅。
II.ListeningTranslation:
句子听译部分文字及参考翻译
1.Americanswatchtelevisionalmosteverynightandattendmoviesregularly.SonaturallyTVshowsandlatestmoviesbecometopicsofdiscussions.ReadingmagazinessuchasTimeandNewsweekwillalsokeepyouuptodateonwhatispopularinAmerica.
美国人几乎每天晚上看电视,并且经常看电影。
因此,电视节目和最新的电影就成为了热门话题。
阅读包括《时代》和《新闻周刊》在内的杂志也能更新美国最新时尚潮流。
2.Whatarethesimilarities,ifany,betweengreatsalesrepsandgreatleaders?
Theybothhavesolidlisteningskillsandaverypositiveattitude.Inaddition,theynevergiveupandgetpassmistakes.
优秀销售和领导的共同之处是什么?
他们都具备良好的听力技能和积极的态度。
此外,他们从不放弃,从不放过错误。
3.Inthelate20thcentury,peoplewhowereconcernedwiththeprotectionofourenvironmentlaunchedanewformoftraveling,namelytheecology-basedtourism.Eco-tourismisresponsibletravelinnaturalandusuallyprotectedarea.在20世纪末,关心生活环境的人们发起了一种新型的旅游形式,也就是基于生态的旅游。
生态旅游是指在自然以及通常被保护的区域进行负责任的旅游。
4.Theuniversehasnolimits.Sofar,wehaveprobedonlyafractionofit.Yettotraveltothefrontiersofthatfraction,evenat186300milespersecond,whichisthespeedoflight,willtake6000millionyears.
宇宙广无边际。
至今为止我们只探索到了它很小的一部分。
然而要去到我们已探索到的边缘,即使以每秒186300英里的光速行驶,也需要60亿年的时间。
5.Atthisremarkablemomentinhistory,theglobaleconomyisgivingmoreofourownpeopleandbillionsaroundtheworldthechancetoworkandliveandraisetheirfamilieswithdignity.在这个特殊的历史时刻,全球经济正为越来越多的国民和几十亿世界人民提供机会,让他们能够有尊严地工作,生活,养家糊口。
Passage1
Inmanywesternsocieties,includingtheUnitedStates,apersonwhodoesnotmaintaingoodeyecontactisregardedasbeingslightlysuspicious.Americansunconsciouslyassociatepeoplewhoavoideyecontactasunfriendly,insecure,untrustworthy,inattentiveandimpersonal.However,Incontrast,Japanesechildrenaretaughtinschoolstodirecttheirgazeattheregionoftheirteachers’neckortie-knot.Andasadults,Japaneselowertheireyeswhenspeakingtoasuperior,whichisagestureofrespect.LatinAmericancultures,aswellassomeAfricancultures,havelongerlookingtime.Butprolongedeyecontactfromanindividualoflowerstatusisconsidereddisrespectful.
在包括美国在内的很多西方国家,避免与人直视会被认为有些可疑。
在潜意识中,美国人认为那些避免直视的人不友好、缺乏安全感、不值得信赖、不专心及不近人情。
然而,相比之下,日本的孩子从小在学校接受的教育是要求他们将视线落在老师的颈部或领结的位置。
因此,当与上级交流的时候,日本人会把目光降低一些,以示礼貌。
在一些拉丁美洲和非洲国家,人们注视的时间会稍长些。
但,社会底层人士如果长时间的注视则被认为不敬。
Passage2
IntheUnitedStatestoday,manycollegegraduatesclaimbankruptcysothattheycanavoidrepayingmoneytheyborrowedfromthefederalgovernmenttofinancetheireducation.Infact,morethan300,000studentborrowersnowowethegovernmentover500milliondollars.Statisticsshowthatstudentsarenotgoodrisks,whereasthestudentdefaultratenowstandsatover12%.Banksreportthatstudentloandeliquencyseldomexceeds3%.Apparentlythelackofmoneyisnottheonlyreasonfornonpayment.AUSgovernmentdepartmentfoundthat300ofitsemployees,somecurrentlyearningupto63,000dollars,havedefaultedonstudentloans.如今在美国,很多大学毕业生申请破产,这样他们就不再需要偿还联邦政府的助学贷款。
实际上,超过30万学生借款人现在欠美国政府超过5亿美元的贷款。
数据显示,学生贷款人是很有风险的,不偿还率现在已经超过12%。
银行报告显示,非学生贷款的的不偿还率是很少超过3%的。
很明显,缺钱并不是不偿还贷款的唯一原因。
一个美国政府部分发现,它有300名员工依然拖欠学生贷款,而其中一些人现在的收入已经超过6万美元。
2015年9月上海高级口译真题阅读部分解析
第一篇:
医疗检查
Ispenttheusuallongafternoonatworkdoinglittlebutorderingtests,farmorethanIhonestlythoughtanypatientneeded,butthat’swhatwedothesedays.Guidelinesmandatetests,andpatientsexpectthem;
abnormaltestsmeanmedication,andmedicationmeansmoretests.Mytallyfortheday:
fivehours,14reasonablyhealthypatients,299separatetestsofbodyfunctionorbloodcomposition,threescansandahandfulofreferralstospecialistsforyetmoretests.本文作者是一名医生,开篇即陈述了一个医疗行业的问题:
医生开太多检查了,而且是Guideline(医疗指南)要求的,病人所期望的。
Teacherscomplainthatprimaryeducationthreatenstobecomeaprocessofteachingtothetest.Theywinceasthecontentofstandardizedtestsincreasinglydrivestheirlessonplans,andtheresultsofthesetestsdefinetheiraccomplishments.Wesharetheirpain:
Doctoringtothetestsiseverybitasdispiriting.
本段讲述了老师们遇到的类似问题,进行了一个类比:
在教育行业,标准测试也变的越来越重要。
两种情况都非常dispiriting(使人气馁)。
Somemedicaltests,likebloodpressurechecks,arecheapandsimple.Somearepricierandmorecomplicated,likemammogramsorassaysforvariousmoleculesinthebloodthatcorrelatewithvariousdiseases.Weorderthemallatprescribedintervals,andifwehappentoforgetone,eitherbyaccidentordesign,electronicmedicalrecordsnagusmercilesslyuntilwecapitulate.Asineducation,ourtest-orderingbehaviorandourpatients’resultsincreasinglydefineourachievements,andinthenearfutureourremunerationislikelytofollow.Still,likealltest-basedqualitycontrolsystems,ourscanbegamed.Ourtestscanalsoinflictunnecessarypsychicdamage,andoccasionalphysicaldamageaswell.Mostdistressing:
Orderingtests,chasingdownandinterpretingresults,anddealingwiththeendlesscycleofrepeattestingtoconfirmandclarifyproblemsabsorbprettymuchallourtime.
本段进一步说明大量检查给医生带来压力:
它作为评价医疗质量的标准,今后还可能与remuneration(薪酬)挂钩。
不过检查可能给患者带来损伤,同时也耗费很多时间。
Itisallinthenameofgoodandequitablehealthcare,alaudablegoal.Butifyoureachage50andIcannotpersuadeyoutoundergothecolonoscopyormammogramyoureallydon’twant,amIabaddoctor?
Ifyoureachage85andIpersuadeyoutotakeenoughmedicationtonormalizeyourbloodpressure,amIagoodone?
本段讨论:
究竟什么样的医生才是好医生呢?
Iamnottheonlyonewhowonders.AcadreoftestskepticsatDartmouthMedicalSchoolspecializeincriticallyexaminingourtest-basedapproachtowelladultcare.Ifyouareconfusedaboutmammography,colonoscopyorthePSAtestforprostatecancer,thesefolksdeservemuchoftheblame:
Theyhaverepeatedlydemonstratedthatthesetestsandmanyothersdonotnecessarilymakehealthypeopleanyhealthier,anymorethanstandardizedtestingingradeschoolimprovesachild’sintellect.Dr.H.GilbertWelch,aVermontphysicianwhoispartoftheDartmouthgroup,hasanewbookthatmightserveasthetestskeptic’smanifestoandbible.Itstitle,“LessMedicine,MoreHealth,”sumsuphistrenchant,point-by-pointcritiqueoftest-basedhealthcareandqualitycontrol.
有研究表明,利用开检查的数量来进行医疗质控是行不通的,算照指南做这些检查并不能使人们更加健康。
Inmedicine,“truequalityisextremelyhardtomeasure,”Dr.Welchwrites.“Whatiseasytomeasureiswhetherdoctorsdothings.”Onlydoingthingslikeorderingtestsgeneratesdata.Decidingnottodothingsandletwellenoughalonegeneratesnothingtangible,nonumbersordollaramountstomeasureortrackovertime.Dr.Welchpointsoutthatdoctorsgettobecomedoctorsbecausetheyaregoodwithtests,andknowinstinctivelyhowtobehaveinatest-focuseduniverse.Ratethembyhowmanyteststheyorder,andtheywillorderinprofusion,oftenmorethantheguidelinessuggest.Theywilldofineonassessmentsoftheirquality,butpatientsmaynotdosowell.Evenperfectlysafeteststhatareincapableofdoingtheirowndamagemay,givenenoughweight,triggercatastrophe.
本段Dr.Welch进一步阐明,开许多检查是为了有效地保障医疗质量,但实际上这样做会使病人们过度检查,甚至造成伤害。
Yes,littlebloodpressurecuffoverthereinthecorner,thatmeansyou.Thelinkbetweenveryhighbloodpressureanddiseaseisincontrovertible,andthedrugsusedtocontrolbloodpressureareamongthecheapestandsafestaround.Evenso,asDr.Welchpointedoutinarecentconversation,systemsthatratedoctorsbyhowwelltheirpatients’bloodpressureismanagedarelikelytoinvitetrouble.Doctorsrewardedfortreatingaggressivelyarelikelytokeepdoingsoevenwhenthebenefitsbegintomorphintoharm.Thatappearstohappeninolderadults,atleastinthosewhoavoidthecommoncomplicationsofhighbloodpressureandcontinueonmedication.Onestudyfoundthatnursinghomeresidentstakingtwoormoreeffectivebloodpressuredrugsdidremarkablybadly,withdeathratesmorethantwicethatoftheirpeers.Inanother,dementiapatientstakingbloodpressuremedicationwithoptimalresultsnonethelessdeterioratedmentallyconsiderablyfaster.
其他的医疗质控方法,比如检测血压并且使用药物进行调控也不很有效。
研究显示血压控制得好的老年人反而死亡率更高
YetnoqualitycontrolsystemthatIknowofgivesadoctoranapprovingpatontheheadfortakingafragileolderpatientoffmeds.Notyet,atleast.Someday,perhaps,notorderingandnotprescribingwillmarkqualitycareassurelyasorderingandprescribingdotoday.Childrengotoschooltolearn.Adultsgotothedoctor…why?
Iftheyaresick,togetbetter,certainly.Butfortheaveragehealthy,happyadult,let’sbehonest:
Wereallyhaven’tcompletelyfiguredoutwhyyouareinthewaitingroom.Andsoweofferaluxuriantprofusionoftests.
本文的结论是,目前并没有有效的医疗质控手段。
而且很多时候,病人来医院除了接受检查也没什么可做的。
2015年9月上海高级口译真题阅读部分解析
第二篇:
LosAngelesTimes
标题:
Gatsby,literature’spartyanimal,turns90(文学)
Iwasinhigh
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