英美文学选读完整版笔记Word文件下载.docx
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英美文学选读完整版笔记Word文件下载.docx
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scholarsmadeattemptstogetridofthoseoldfeudalistideasinmedievalEurope,tointroducenewideasthatexpressedtheinterestsoftherisingbourgeoisie,&
torecoverthepurityoftheearlychurchfromthecorruptionoftheRomanCatholicChurch.
2.Humanism:
人文主义
HumanismistheessenceoftheRenaissance.ItsprangfromtheendeavortorestoreamedievalreverencefortheancientauthorsandisfrequentlytakenasthebeginningoftheRenaissanceonitsconscious,intellectualside,fortheGreekandRomancivilizationwasbasedonsuchaconceptionthatmanisthemeasureofallthings.Throughthenewlearning,humanistsnotonlysawtheartsofsplendorandenlightenment,butthehumanvaluesrepresentedintheworks.Renaissancehumanistsfoundintheclassicsajustificationtoexalthumannatureandcametoseethathumanbeingsweregloriouscreaturescapableofindividualdevelopmentinthedirectionofperfections,andthattheworldtheyinhabitedwastheirsnottodespisebuttoquestion,explore,andenjoy.Thus,byemphasizingthedignityofhumanbeingsandtheimportanceofthepresentlife,theyvoicedtheirbeliefsthatmandidnotonlyhavetherighttoenjoythebeautyofthislife,buthadtheabilitytoperfecthimselfandtoperformwonders.ThomasMore,Christo-
pherMarloweandWilliamShakespearearethebestrepresentativesoftheEnglishhumanists.
3.Spenserianstanza:
斯宾塞诗节
SpenserianstanzawasinventedbyEdmundSpenser.Itisastanzaofninelines,withthefirsteightlinesiniambicpentameter&
thelastlineiniambichexameter,rhymingababbcbcc.
4.Metaphysicalpoetry:
玄学诗
Theterm"
metaphysicalpoetry"
iscommonlyusedtonametheworkofthe17thcenturywriterswhowroteundertheinfluenceofJohnDonne.Witharebelliousspirit,themetaphysicalpoetstriedtobreakawayfromtheconventionalfashionoftheElizabethanlovepoetry.ThedictionissimpleascomparedwiththatoftheElizabethanortheNeoclassicperiods,andechoesthewordsandcadencesofcommonspeech.Theimageryindrawnfromtheactuallife.Theformisfrequentlythatofanargumentwiththepoet'
sbeloved,withGod,orwithhimself.
5.TheRenaissancehero:
ARenaissanceheroreferstoonecreatedbyChristopherMarloweinhisdrama.Suchaheroisalwaysindividualisticandfullofambition,facingbravelythechallengefrombothgodsandmen.HeembodiesMarlowe'
shumanisticidesofhumandignityandcapacity.Differentfromthetragicheroinmedievalplays,whoseeksthewaytoheaventhroughsalvationandgod'
swill,heisagainstconventionalmoralityandcontrivestoobtainheavenonearththroughhisownefforts.Withtheendlessaspirationforpower,knowledge,andglory,theherointerpretsthetrueRenaissancespirit.BothTamburlaineandFaustusaretypicalinpossessingsuchasprit
(二)该时期的重要作家
EdmundSpenser--Englishpoet,borninLondon,England,(1552--Jan13,1599)
斯宾塞代表作
TheFaerieQueene.
A.创作意图:
Theprincipalintentionistopresentthrougha"
historicalpoem"
theexampleofaperfectgentleman
B.整体线索:
TherecurringappearancesofArthurserveasaunifyingelementforthepoemasawhole.
C.寓意:
TheRedcrosseKnightinBookIstandsforSt.George,healsorepresentsHoliness.
D.主题:
Thethemeisnot"
Armsandtheman,"
butsomethingmoreromantic-"
Fiercewaresandfaithfullloves."
E.作者文学地位:
Hisexquisitemelodythatmakehimknownas"
thepoets'
poet."
HisMajorWorksSpenser'
smostimportantwork&
masterpieceisTheFaerieQueene,agreatpoemofitsage.Acomplexmoral,religious,&
politicalallegory,itisalsoanepicthatexaltsQueenElizabethⅠ&
theEnglishnation.AccordingtoSpenser'
sownexplanation,hisprincipalintentionistopresentthrougha"
theexampleofaperfectgentleman:
"
tofashionagentlemanornoblepersoninvirtuous&
gentlediscipline."
ItsprincipalheroistheArthurofmedievallegend.Thesixbooksofthepoemillustratethenatureofparticularvirtues,suchas,temperance&
justice.OthermajorworksofSpenserareTheShepheardesCalender(1579),apoemconsistingof12eclogues-correspondingtothe12monthsoftheyear;
Epithalamion(1595),apoemexpressingthedeeppersonalfeelingsoccasionedbythepoetssecondmarriage;
Amoretti(1595),aseriesofsonnets.
3.领会
HisInfluence
1)MainqualitiesofSpenser'
spoetry
①aperfectmelody
②araresenseofbeauty
③asplendidimagination
④aloftymoralpurity&
seriousness
⑤adedicatedidealism
2)Inhiswriting,Spenserdrewontheconventions&
thoughtofClassical,medieval,&
Renaissanceliterature.However,headdedtohisfusionofthesediverseelementsmuchthatwasoriginal,&
hisworksinspiredmanylaterEnglishpoets.Hecreatedanewstanza,calledtheSpenserianstanza,whichiswellsuitedtonarrativeverse.HisskillsinwritingmelodiousEnglishverse&
hiscombinationofemotion,erudition,&
spiritualvisionhavewonhimtheadmirationofgenerationsofEnglishpoets.Itishisidealism,hisloveofbeauty,&
hisexquisitemelodythatmakehimknownas"
4.应用
TheFaerieQueene:
1)Itisalong,allegoricalpoem.Inthepoem,Spenserdramatizedpolitical,religious,&
moralthemesbypersonifyingthem,ormakingthemcharacters.
2)Plot:
Thestory,whichissetagainstabackgroundofArthur&
medievallegend,dealswiththeadventuresofsixknightsofthecourtofthefairyqueennamedGloriana,whorepresentsQueenElizabethⅠofEnglish.ThefaerieQueenwasleftunfinishedatSpenser'
sdeath.Itwasoriginallyplannedasa12-bookpoem.Butonly6bookswerecompleted.Thepoemisparticularlyadmiredforthemelodicbeautyofitslanguage&
foritsrichcontentofphilosophical&
mythologicalmaterialpresentedintheformofvividnarratives.
II.ChristopherMarlowe
1.一般识记
BriefIntroduction
Englishdramatist&
poet,borninCanterbury,England,Feb,6,1567,diedinDeptford,England,May30,1593.MarlowewasthefirstgreatEnglishDramatist.HebroughttotheEnglishstageanewconceptoftragedy,oneinwhichthedramacentersaroundthestrugglesofamanoverwhelmedbyhispassions&
ambitions.
2.识记
HisMajorWorks
HismostfamoustragediesareDoctorFaustus,TheJewofMalta,Tamburlaine&
EdwardⅡ。
Inhisplays,Marloweusedblankverse,whichhemoldedintoasuperbinstrumentforexpressingintenseemotions.AfterhisdevelopmentofblankverseitbecamethestandardmediumforEnglishdramatic&
epicpoetry.Hisnon-dramaticpoetryincludesHero&
Leander,"
thePassionateshepherdtoHislove,"
&
aversetranslationofOvid'
sAmores.
Marlowe'
sDoctorFaustus(about1589),generallyconsideredhisbestplay,wasbasedonarealDr.Faustus,whowaslaterassociatedwithamedievallegendofamansellinghissoultothedevil.Theplay'
sdominantmoralishumanratherthanreligious.Itcelebratesthehumanpassionforknowledge,power&
happiness;
italsorevealsman'
sfrustrationinrealizingthehighaspirationsinahostilemoralorder.Thelastscene,inwhichFaustusconfrontshisdoom,brilliantlyrendersthefear&
agonyofacondemnedman.
TheJewofMalta(about1589)illustratesMarlowe'
soutstandingportrayalofcharacter.Itshero,BarabastheJew,servedasthemodelforShylockinShakespeare'
sTheMerchantofVenice.Inabout1592.MarlowewroteoneofthefirstsuccessfulEnglishhistoricaldramas,EdwardⅡ。
Itishismostdramaticallymatureplay&
exhibitshismasteryofcharacterization,stagecraft&
rhetoric.
Tamburlaineisaplayaboutanambitious&
pitilessTartarconquerorinthefourteenthcenturywhorosefromashepherdtoanoverpoweringKing.Bydepictingagreatherowithhighambition&
sheerbrutalforceinconqueringoneenemyafteranother,MarlowevoicedthesupremedesireofthemanoftheRenaissanceforinfinitepower&
authority.
HisAchievements&
Influence
Achievements:
Marlowe'
sgreatestachievementliesinthathe perfectedtheblankverse&
madeittheprincipalmediumofEnglishdrama.
HissecondachievementishiscreationoftheRenaissanceheroforEnglishdrama.ThethemeofhisworksisthepraiseoftheRenaissancespirit.
Hisinfluence:
Amanofwidelearning,Marlowewasoneoftheextraordinarypoets&
playwrightsofhistime."
smightyline,"
asBenJonsoncalledhisblankverse,wasoneofthemostimportantcontributionstotheartofEnglishliterature.
Dr.Faustus
TheselectionofActⅠfromDr.FaustusismainlyaboutFaustusisshowinghisgreatambition,thatis,ifhehadmanysouls,hewouldgivethemalltotheDevilsothathecouldcontroltheworld.InportrayingFaustus,amoreintrospective&
philosophicalfigurethanTamburlaine,MarlowepraiseshissoaringaspirationforknowledgewhilewarningagainstthesinofpridesinceFaustus'
sdownfallwascausedbyhisdespairinGod&
trustinDevil.
Ⅲ。
WilliamShakespeare
WilliamShakespearewasthegreatestwriterofplayswhoeverlived.Hisfriend&
fellowplaywr
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