初中英语定语从句讲解练习与答案Word下载.docx
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初中英语定语从句讲解练习与答案Word下载.docx
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Heisastrangeman.Hehasfewwords.他是个怪人,他几乎不说什么话。
Hurryup,thereislittletimeleft.赶快,没什么时间了。
2.seem/look
(1)seem一般着重于以客观迹象为依据,意思是“似乎、好象、看起来…”。
Thebabyseemstobehappy.婴儿看上去似乎很高兴。
Heseemedtobesorryforthat.他似乎为那件事感到抱歉。
seem能与todo结构连用,而look不能。
Itseemstorain.似乎要下雨了。
Theyseemedtohavefinishedtheirwork.他们似乎已经完成了工作。
在it作形式主语的句型中只能用seem。
Itseemsthatheisquitebusynow.他现在看起来很忙。
Itseemstousthatthereisnothingserious.在我看来没什么大不了的。
(2)look用作“看起来;
好像”时,常从物体的外观或样貌上来判断,是以视觉所接受的印象为依据的。
Theroomlooksclean.这间房看起来很干净。
Thegirllookslikehermother.那女孩看起来向她的妈妈。
二、语法定语从句
(一)、定义:
在复合句中,修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。
定语定语用来限定、修饰名词或代词的,是对名词或代词起修饰、限定作用的词、短语(动词不定式短语、动名词短语和分词短语)或句子,汉语中常用‘……的’表示。
主要由形容词担任,此外,名词,代词,数词,分词,副词,不定式以及介词短语也可以来担任,也可以由一个句子来担任。
单词作定语时通常放在它所修饰的词之前,作前置定语。
短语和从句作定语时则放在所修饰的词之后,作后置定语。
定语从句是指在一个句子中作定语的句子,定语从句要放在所修饰的词后。
如:
1)Themanwholivesnexttousisapoliceman.
2)YoumustdoeverythingthatIdo.
上面两句中的man和everything是定语从句所修饰的词,叫先行词,定语从句放在先行词的后面。
引导定语从句的词有关系代词that,which,who(宾格who,所有格whose)和关系副词where,when、why
关系词常有三个作用:
1、引导定语从句2、代替先行词3、在定语从句中担当一个成分
(二)、关系代词引导的定语从句
1.who指人,在从句中做主语
(1)TheboyswhoareplayingfootballarefromClassOne.
(2)YesterdayIhelpedanoldmanwholosthisway.
2.whom指人,在定语从句中充当宾语,常可省略。
(1)Mr.Liuistheperson(whom)youtalkedabout.
注意:
关系代词whom在口语和非正式语体中常用who代替,可省略。
(3)Themanwho/whomyoumetjustnowismyfriend.
3.which指物,在定语从句中做主语或者宾语,做宾语时可省略
(1)Footballisagamewhichislikedbymostboys.(which在句子中做主语)
(2)Thisisthepen(which)heboughtyesterday.(which在句子中做宾语)
4.that指人时,相当于who或者whom;
指物时,相当于which。
在宾语从句中做主语或者宾语,做宾语时可省略。
(5)Thepeoplethat/whocometovisitthecityareallhere.(在句子中做主语)
(6)Whereisthemanthat/whomIsawthismorning?
(在句子中做宾语)
5.whose通常指人,也可指物,在定语从句中做定语
(1)Hehasafriendwhosefatherisadoctor.
(2)Ilivedinahousewhoseroofhasfallenin.
whose指物时,常用以下结构来代替
(3)Theclassroomwhosedoorisbrokenwillsoonberepaired.
=Theclassroomthedoorofwhichisbrokenwillsoonberepaired.
(5)Doyoulikethebookwhosecolorisyellow?
=Doyoulikethebookthecolorofwhichisyellow?
注:
that用法
(1)不用that的情况
(a)在引导非限定性定语从句时。
(错)Thetree,thatisfourhundredyearsold,isveryfamoushere.
(b)介词后不能用。
Wedependonthelandfromwhichwegetourfood.
Wedependonthelandthat/whichwegetourfoodfrom.
(2)只能用that作为定语从句的关系代词的情况
(a)在therebe句型中,只用that,不用which。
(b)在不定代词,如:
anything,nothing,theone,all等作先行词时,只用that,不用which。
(c)先行词有theonly,thevery,thesame,thelast,just修饰时,只用that。
(d)先行词为序数词、数词、形容词最高级时,只用that,不能用which。
.
(e)先行词既有人,又有物时。
(f)先行词指物,在主句中作表语时.
(g)为了避免重复.
(h)先行词是theway或thereason时,that可作关系副词,也可省略
(i)主句的主语是疑问词who/which时
举例:
Isthisthebookthatyouborrowedinthelibrary?
这是你在图书馆借的那本书吗?
Whothatbreakthewindowshouldbepunished.
谁打碎了窗户都要受到惩罚.
Allthatisneededisasupplyofoil.
所需的只是供油问题。
Finally,thethiefhandedeverythingthathehadstolentothepolice.
那贼最终把偷的全部东西交给了警察。
(三)、关系副词引导定语从句
关系副词关系副词:
在句中作状语
关系副词=介词+关系代词
why=forwhich
where=in/at/on/...which(介词同先行词搭配)
when=during/on/in/...which(介词同先行词搭配)
1.where指地点,在定语从句中做地点状语用来表示地点的定语从句。
(1)ShanghaiisthecitywhereIwasborn.
(2)ThehousewhereIlivedtenyearsagohasbeenpulleddown.
2.when引导定语从句表示时间。
在定语从句中做时间状语也可做连接词用
(1)IstillrememberthedaywhenIfirstcametotheschool.
(2)Thetimewhenwegottogetherfinallycame.
[注]表示时间“time"
一词的定语从句只用when引导,有时不用任何关系代词,当然也不用that引导。
BythetimeyouarrivedinLondon,wehadstayedtherefortwoweeks.
到你到达伦敦的时候,我们在那里已经待了两个星期。
IstillrememberthefirsttimeImether.我仍然记得我第一次见到她。
Eachtimehegoestobusinesstrip,hebringsalotoflivingnecessities,suchastowels,soap,toothbrushetc。
每一次他去出差,他带来了生活必需品,如毛巾,肥皂,牙刷等,很多。
3.why指原因在定语从句中做原因状语
(1)Pleasetellmethereasonwhyyoumissedtheplane.
(2)Idon’tknowthereasonwhyhelooksunhappytoday.
关系副词引导的从句可以由“介词+关系代词”引导的从句替换
(1)Thereasonwhy/forwhichherefusedtheinvitationisnotclear,
(2)Fromtheyearwhen/inwhichhewasgoingtoschool,hebegantoknowwhathewantedwhenhegrewup.
1)介词后面的关系代词不能省略。
2)that前不能有介词。
3)某些在从句中充当时间,地点或原因状语的"
介词+关系词"
结构可以同
关系副词when,where和why互换。
ThisisthehouseinwhichIlivedtwoyearsago.
ThisisthehousewhereIlivedtwoyearsago.
Doyourememberthedayonwhichyoujoinedourclub?
Doyourememberthedaywhenyoujoinedourclub?
Thisisthereasonwhyhecamelate.
Thisisthereasonforwhichhecamelate.
三、练习
练习一
(一)用关系代词或关系副词将下列每对句子连成一个复合句。
1.Theboyismyyoungerbrother.Hewashereaminuteago.
2.Theoldmanisaprofessor.Heteacheschemistryinacollege.
3.BeijingHotelisnearTianAnMenSquare.Theforeignvisitorslivethere.
4.Thewomanisherenow.Youweretalkingabouther.
5.Thisisthehall.Welistenedtothereportinittheotherday.
6.Thecarwasgoing90milesanhour.Thecarjustpassedus.
7.Themanwasmyuncle.Themanwavedtous.
8.Ienjoyedreadingthebook.Yougavemeabooklastweek.
9.Ipreferthesubject.Thesubjectisscience.
10.Ispoketotheman.Themanisaprofessor.
(二)用适当的关系代词或关系副词填空
1.Thehouse_______weliveinisverybig.
2.Theboy______iswearingtheblackjacketisveryclever.
3.Thisisthepresent_____hegavemeformybirthday.
4.Theman_______talkedtoyoujustnowisanengineer.
5.Hetalkedabouttheteachersandschools_______hehadvisited.
6.Thereisnothingintheworld_______canfrightenhim.
7.Shewearsagoldring,_______isveryuncommoninourclass.
8.Wevisitedafactory_______makestoysforchildren.
9.Isthistheplace_______yourfatheroncelived?
10.I’llneverforgetthedays_______IjoinedtheLeague.
练习二
一、单项填空
1.---Whoistheman_______wastalkingtoourEnglishteacher?
---Oh!
It’sMrBaker,ourmathsteacher.
A.he B.that C.whom D.which
2.Ihatethepeople________don’thelpotherswhentheyareintrouble.
A.who B.which C.they D.where
3.Theforeigner_________visitedourschoolisfromCanada.
A.which B.when C.who D.whom
4.GeorgeMallorywasanEnglishschoolteacher_______lovedclimbing.
A.who B.whom C.he D.which
5.Thisistheplace_____Ihaveevervisited.
A.there B.when C.where D.which
6.Nobodyknowsthereason______shedidn’tcometothemeeting.
A.that B.which C.why D.when
7.Themoonisaworld______thereisnolife.
A.that B.which C.where D.why
8.Hehasforgottentheday_______hearrived.
A.when B.where C.that D.which
9.Hestillremembersthedays______hespentwithyourfamily.
A.when B.where C.that D.onwhich
10.Mr.White,______carhadbeenstolen,cametothepoliceman.
A.who B.that C.whose D.which
11.Hegottothevillage_______hisfamilyoncelivedbeforeliberation.
A.that B.which C.when D.where
12.Thisisthehouse_______Iwanttobuy.
A.inwhich B.that C.whose D.where
13.Thisisthehouse_______ourbelovedPremierZhouoncelivedandworked.
A.which B.that C.when D.where
14.Hedidn’ttellmetheplace_______hewasborn.
A.that B.which C.when D.where
15.Helivedinasmallvillage,______wasalongwayfromtherailwaystation.
A.that B.which C.where D.when
16.Iworkinabusiness________almosteveryoneiswaitingforagreatchance.
A.how B.which C.where D.that
17.Helenwasmuchkindertoheryoungestsonthantotheothers,_______,ofcourse,madetheothersenvyhim.
A.who B.that C.what D.which
18.Americanwomenusuallyidentifytheirbestfriendassomeone________theycantalkfrequently.
A.who B.as C.aboutwhich D.withwhom
19.Thefilmbroughtthehoursbacktome________Iwastakengoodcareofinthatfar-awayvillage.
A.until B.that C.when D.where
20.Thefamousscientistgrewup________hewasbornandin1930hecametoShanghai.
A.when B.whenever C.where D.wherever
21.Astorygoes________ElizabethIofEnglandlikednothingmorethanbeingsurroundedbycleverandqualifiednoblemenatcourt.
A.when B.where C.what D.that
22.TheParkersboughtanewhousebut________willneedalotofworkbeforetheycanmovein.
A.they B.it C.one D.which
23.Isthisfactory______youworkedat?
A.theone B.which C.that D.where
24.Isthisthefactory_______youworked?
A.where B.which C.that D.theone
25.---Doestheteacherknoweverybody_______plantedthetrees?
---Yes,hedoes.
A.which B.whose C.where D.who
26.Theletter_______Ireceivedfromhimyesterdayisveryimportant.
A.who B.where C.what D.that
27.---Whereisthescientist________gaveusthetalkyesterday?
---HehasgonebacktoQinghuaUniversity.
A.whom B.who C.whose D.which
28.Ihatepeople_______talkmuchbutdolittle.
A.whose B.whom C.which D.who
29.Doyouknowaboy______sisterisanurseinahospi
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