届天津市各高中名校高三英语试题题型分类专题汇编阅读理解C篇老师版全部带答案精准校对加强版.docx
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届天津市各高中名校高三英语试题题型分类专题汇编阅读理解C篇老师版全部带答案精准校对加强版.docx
《届天津市各高中名校高三英语试题题型分类专题汇编阅读理解C篇老师版全部带答案精准校对加强版.docx》由会员分享,可在线阅读,更多相关《届天津市各高中名校高三英语试题题型分类专题汇编阅读理解C篇老师版全部带答案精准校对加强版.docx(25页珍藏版)》请在冰豆网上搜索。
届天津市各高中名校高三英语试题题型分类专题汇编阅读理解C篇老师版全部带答案精准校对加强版
One【2018届天津市南开中学高三英语模拟考试试题】
第二部分:
阅读理解(共20小题;每小题2.5分,满分50分)
阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中,选出最佳答案。
C
AsArtificialIntelligence(AI,人工智能)becomesincreasinglysophisticated,therearegrowingconcernsthatrobotscouldbecomeathreat.Thisdangercanbeavoided,accordingtocomputerscienceprofessorStuartRussell,ifwefigureouthowtoturnhumanvaluesintoaprogrammablecode.
Russellarguesthatasrobotstakeonmorecomplicatedtasks,it’snecessarytotranslateourmorals(道德准则)intoAIlanguage.
Forexample,ifarobotdoeschoresaroundthehouse,youwouldn'twantittoputthepetcatintheoventomakedinnerforthehungrychildren."Youwouldwantthatrobotpreloadedwithagoodsetofvalues,"saidRussell.
Somerobotsarealreadyprogrammedwithbasichumanvalues.Forexample,mobilerobotshavebeenprogrammedtokeepacomfortabledistancefromhumans.Obviouslythereareculturaldifferences,butifyouweretalkingtoanotherpersonandtheycameupcloseinyourpersonalspace,youwouldn'tthinkthat'sthekindofthingaproperlybrought-uppersonwoulddo.
Itwillbepossibletocreatemoresophisticatedmoralmachines,ifonlywecanfindawaytosetouthumanvaluesasclearrules.
Robotscouldalsolearnvaluesfromdrawingpatternsfromlargesetsofdataonhumanbehavior.Theyaredangerousonlyifprogrammersarecareless.
Thebiggestconcernwithrobotsgoingagainsthumanvaluesisthathumanbeingsfailtodosufficienttestingandthey'veproducedasystemthatwillbreaksomekindoftaboo(禁忌).
Onesimplecheckwouldbetoprogramarobottocheckthecorrectcourseofactionwithahumanwhenpresentedwithanunusualsituation.
Iftherobotisunsurewhetherananimalissuitableforthemicrowave,ithastheopportunitytostop,sendoutbeeps,andaskfordirectionsfromahuman.Ifwehumansaren'tquitesureaboutadecision,wegoandasksomebodyelse.
Themostdifficultstepinprogrammingvalueswillbedecidingexactlywhatwebelieveinmoral,andhowtocreateasetofethicalrules.Butifwecomeupwithananswer,robotscouldbegoodforhumanity.
46.Whatdoestheauthorsayaboutthethreatofrobots?
A.Itmaybeachallengetocomputerprogrammers.
B.Itaccompaniesallmachineryinvolvinghightechnology.
C.Itcanbeavoidedifhumanvaluesaretranslatedintotheirlanguage.
D.Ithasbecomeanunavoidabledangerastechnologygetsmoresophisticated.
47.Howdorobotslearnhumanvalues?
A.Byinteractingwithhumansineverydaylifesituations.
B.Bypickinguppatternsfrommassivedataonhumanbehavior.
C.Byfollowingthedailyroutinesofcivilizedhumanbeings.
D.Byimitatingthebehaviorofproperlybrought-uphumanbeings.
48.Whatwillawell-programmedrobotdowhenfacinganunusualsituation?
A.Keepadistancefrompossibledangers.
B.Dosufficienttestingbeforetakingaction.
C.Setoffitsbuilt-inalarmsystematonce.
D.Stoptoseekadvicefromahumanbeing.
49.Whatismostdifficulttodowhenweturnhumanvaluesintoaprogrammablecode?
A.Determinewhatismoralandethical.
B.Designsomelarge-scaleexperiments.
C.Setrulesforman-machineinteraction.
D.Developamoresophisticatedprogram.
50.Themostsuitabletitleforthispassagewouldbe________.
A.Howtoturnhumanideasintoaprogramcode
B.Thethreatsofrobotscouldbeavoidedverysoon
C.Programmedrobotsaregoodforhumanity
D.Humanvaluesshouldbeprogrammedintorobots
Keys:
46-50CBDAD
Two【2018届天津市十二重点中学高三英语毕业班联考
(一)试题】
第二部分:
阅读理解(共20小题;每小题2.5分,满分50分)
阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中,选出最佳答案。
C
Electriccarsaredirty.Infact,notonlyaretheydirty,theymightevenbemoredirtythantheirgasoline-poweredcousins.
PeopleinCalifornialovetotalkabout“zero-emissions(排放)vehicles”,butpeopleinCaliforniaseemto becluelessabout whereelectricitycomesfrom.Powerplantsmostlyusefiretomakeit.Asidefromthenewfolkswhohavetheirroofscoveredwithsolarcells,wegetourelectricityfromgenerators(发电机).Generatorsarefueledbysomething--usuallycoal,oil,butalsobyheatgeneratedinnuclearpowerplants.Thereareafewwindfarmsandgeothermal
(地热)plantsaswell,butbyfarwegetelectricitymainlybyburningsomething.
Inotherwords,those"zero-emissions"carsarelikelycoal-burningcars.It’sjustbecausethecoalisburnedsomewhereelse,itlooksclean.Itisnot.It'sasiftheCaliforniaGreensarecoveringtheireyes—“IfIcan'tseeit,it'snothappening.”Gasolineisanincrediblyefficientwaytopoweravehicle;agallonofgashasalotofenergyinit.Butwhenyoutakethatgas(oranotherfuel)andfirstuseittomakeelectricity,youwasteanicepartofthatenergy,mostlyintheformofwastedheat—atthegenerator,throughthetransmissionlines,etc.
Agallonofgasmaypropelyourcar25miles.Buttheelectricityyougetfromthatgallonofgaswon'tgetyounearlyasfar—soelectriccarsburnmorefuelthangasoline-poweredones.Ifourelectricitycamemostlyfromnukesorgeothermal,orhydroorwindorsolar,thenanelectriccartrulywouldbeclean.Butforpolitical,technical,andeconomicreasons,wedon'tusemuchofthoseenergysources.
Inaddition,electriccars'batterieswhicharepoisonousforalongtimewilleventuallyendupinalandfill.Andfinally,whencarsarethepolluters,thepollutionisspreadacrossalltheroads.Whenit'sapowerplant,though,allthejunkisinoneplace.Natureisverygoodatcleaningupwhenthingsaretooconcentrated,butittakesalotlongerwhenallthegarbageisinonespot.
46.Whatdoes“clueless”meaninparagraph2?
A.PeopleseetheCaliforniaGreenseverywhere
B.Peopletherehavenoideathatsofarelectricitymainlycomesfromburningcoal,oil,etc
C.PeopleinCalifornialovetohavetheirroofscoveredwithsolarcells
D.PeopleinCalifornialovetotalkaboutzero-emissionsvehicles
47.Whatisthemainideaofthetext?
A.Electriccarsarenotcleanatall
B.Electriccarsarebetterthangasoline-poweredones
C.Peoplecastdoubtsonelectriccars’batteries
D.Gasolineisanefficientwaytopoweravehicle
48.Theelectricitywegetfromagallonofgasmaymakeourcarrun______.
A.notlessthan25milesB.asfaras50miles
C.asfaras25milesD.notmorethan25miles
49.Accordingtothetext,electriccars______.
A.aremoreenvironmentallyfriendly
B.burnmorefuelthangas-poweredones
C.areverygoodatcleaningupwhenthingsarenottooconcentrated
D.arepoisonousforalongtimeandwilleventuallyendupinalandfill
50.Itcanbeinferredfromthetextthat______.
A.beinggreenisgoodandshouldbeencouragedincommunication
B.electriccarsarenowthedominantvehiclecomparedwithgasoline-poweredcousins
C.zero-emissionsvehiclesshouldbechosentoprotectourenvironment
D.electriccarsarenotcleanbecausewegetelectricitymainlybyburningsomething
Keys:
46-50BADBD
Three【2018届天津市十二重点中学高三英语毕业班联考
(二)试题】
第二部分:
阅读理解(共20小题;每小题2.5分,满分50分)
阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中,选出最佳答案。
C
Whilelearningthesciencelessons,Iusedtogetadoubt—whyear,nose,tongueandeyesshouldbecalledasspecialsenses?
Thebasicreasonisthatthesearethechannelsthroughwhichwemaintaincontactwiththesurroundings.Thoughapparentlyitmayfeelliketheseareindividualsensoryorgans,theydoshowsomeconnectivity.Interestingly,ourhearingislesssharpafterweeataheavyfood.Isn’titgoodforasoundnapafterastomach-fullmeal?
Thatdoesnotmeanwegodeafafterameal,butthehearingpitch(强度)doeschangeafteraheavymeal.
Weusuallygivecreditofthetastetoourtongue,butdoyouknowthatunlesssaliva(唾液)dissolvessomething,ourtonguecannotrecognizethetasteofthefoodeaten.Tasteisnothingbutthefoodchemicalsdissolvedinthesalivabeingsensedbythetastebudspresentonthetongue.Trytodryoffyourtongueandmouthwithatissuepaperandthentastesomething.
Womenaremuchbettersmellerthanmen.Theyarebornwiththischaracteristicabilityandcancorrectlypinpoint(准确说出)theexactfragranceofthesample.Weallcanstorealmost50,000differentscents,whicharestronglytiedtothememories.
Pupils(瞳孔)donotrespondtolightalone,buttotheslightestbitofnoisearoundtoo.Thussurgeons,watchmakersandthoseprofessionalswhohavetoperformamuchdelicatejobdoprefertohaveasound-freeenvironment.Evenasmallnoisecandilate(扩大)theirpupils,changethefocusandblur(使模糊)theirvision.Ifyoudonotwearglassesorcontactlensduetohavinga6/6vision,youarejustamongtheonethirdofthehumanpopulation.Itisnowstatisticallyprovedthatonlyonethirdofthepopulationhasperfectvision,restallareeitherwearingglassesoraretryingtoreadwithacompromisedvision.
Eachandeveryoneofushasaparticularorindividualisticorcharacteristicsmell,whichisuniquetous,exceptfortheidenticaltwins.Thissmellisverysubtle(微妙的)yetcanbesensedevenbyanewborn.Itmaybeduetothisscentthatthenewbornrecognizesthepresenceofhisparentsaround.Manyofuscanpinpointthesmello
foursignificantfriendsandcolleagues.Asignificantpartofthisphenomenonisguidedbygeneticsbutitisalsochangedbytheenvironment,dietandpersonalhygiene.Thisalltogethercreatestheuniquechemistrythatisindividualisticforeachperson.
46.WecanlearnfromParagraph1that________.
A.afterafullmealourhearingisasgoodasbefore
B.allsensoryorgansareconnectedandcanbeexchanged
C.sensoryorgans’functionscanneverbechangedfortheirparticularcharacter
D.wefeelandlearnabouttheworldaroundusthroughoureyes,ears,noseandtongue
47.Wha
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