人教版选修6 unit1 虚拟语气 学案.docx
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人教版选修6 unit1 虚拟语气 学案.docx
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人教版选修6unit1虚拟语气学案
SubjunctiveMood(虚拟语气)
语气(mood)的定义
它是动词的一种形式,表示说话人对某一行为或事情的看法和态度。
英语动词有三种语气,陈述语气,祈使语气和虚拟语气。
一、陈述语气(TheIndicativeMood):
用来陈述一个事实,或提出一种看法,有肯定、否定、疑问或感叹等形式。
Thesunislargerthantheearth.
DoesTomusuallygetupveryearly?
Whatacleverboy!
二、祈使语气(TheImperativeMood)
用来表示请求、邀请、命令、警告或劝告等。
Waitoutsideuntilyouareasked.
Let‘sjusttakeabreak,shallwe?
虚拟语气表示说话人的某种假设、愿望、怀疑、猜测、建议等含义,即动词所表示的动作或状态并非事实,或不可能实现。
虚拟语气
1.定义
虚拟语气用来表达愿望、建议、假设或虚拟的情况,用来表示所说的不是事实,或者是不可能发生的情况。
以下句子中的虚拟语气表达什么意思?
1)IfIwereyou,Iwouldgothere.
2)IwishIwereabirdflyinginthesky.
3)Isuggestedhegothere.
2.用法:
用来表达对过去遗憾和后悔、对未来的展望和想象;现在的愿望
Yesterdayisahistory.Tomorrowisamystery.Todayisagift.That'swhywecallitpresent!
3.虚拟语气在条件状语从句中的应用
1)if引导的虚拟条件状语从句
If引导的条件状语从句有两种:
a.if真实条件句表示条件是真的或有可能实现的,采用陈述语气。
b.if虚拟条件句表示条件是虚拟的或几乎无法实现的,采用虚拟语气
体会下列if引导条件状语从句表达的是与现在,过去还是未来的事实相反,并找出主句和从句的谓语形式规律
a.IfIhadnoteatensomuch,Iwouldhaveslimedenough.
b.Ifhehaddriventhecarmorecarefully,hewould/might/should/nothavehadthecaraccidentyesterday.
与______________事实相反,主句谓语:
________________;从句谓语:
________________
练习:
用适当形式填空完成故事-Thefarmerandthesnake
Ifthefamer_______(notsee)thesnake,he___________(notput)itunderhiscoat;ifhe__________(notput)itunderhiscoat,thesnake____________(notbite)him;ifthesnake____________(notbite)him,he____________(notdie).
hadn'tseen;wouldn’thaveput;hadn’tput;wouldn’thavebitten;hadn’tbitten;wouldn’thavedied
a.IfIwereTrump,Iwould/could/should/mightpreventJapanfrompurchasingtheDiaoyuIslands.
b.IfIwereasupermannow,Iwouldsavetheworld.
与______________事实相反,主句谓语:
________________;从句谓语:
________________
练习:
1.IfI_______(be)you,I_____________________(tell)mymotherthatIcantakecareofmyself.
2.IfI___________(see)mygoodfriendnow,I__________________(be)happier.
3.IfI________(have)acar,myfriendsandI_________________(go)outeverynight.
Were;would/could/should/mighttell;saw;would/could/should/mightbe;had;would/could/should/mightgo
a.IfIweretheAmericanpresidentoneday,iwouldafriendlyrelationshipwithChina.
b.fIcouldsee《FAST&FURIOUS8》tomorrow,Iwouldbehappytodie
与______________事实相反,主句谓语:
________________;从句谓语:
________________
练习:
1.Whatwouldyouwanttodoifyouwereabillionaire?
IfIwereabillionaire,I_____________________________________________________-.
2.用适当形式填空
IfI___________amillionaire,I______buildalibraryforShiyanHighSchool.IfI______________enoughmoneysomeday,I___________(supply)freefoodtoallthestudentsinourschool.
综合练习:
猜一猜Jane是否嫁给Peter
Tom:
Hi,Peter.DidJaneagreetomarryyou?
Peter:
Ifshehadacceptedme,Iwould
havebeenthehappiestman.
Tom:
Cheerup,Peter!
IfIwereyou,I
wouldsendherabunchofflowers.
Peter:
Oh,yes!
That’sagoodidea!
Tom:
Mayyousucceed!
总结:
if引导的虚拟条件状语从句
If条件句谓语形式
主句谓语形式
与现在事实相反
与过去事实相反
与将来事实相反
总原则:
时态倒退一步
注意:
if引导的虚拟条件状语的倒装
A.WereIinschoolagain,Iwouldworkharder.
B.Hadyoubeenhereearlier,youwouldhaveseenhim.Shouldtherebeameetingtomorrow,Iwouldcome.
从句省略if,用倒装句式"were,had,should+主语”
把下列句子改为倒装句
1.IfIwereyou,Iwouldstudyhard.
___________________________________________________________________.
2.Ifitshouldraintomorrow,Iwouldstayathome.
___________________________________________________________________.
3.Ifwehadworkedharder,wewouldhavewonthegame.
___________________________________________________________________.
WereIyou,Iwouldstudyhard.
Shoulditraintomorrow,Iwouldstayathome.
Hadweworkedharder,wewouldhavewonthegame.
2)错综时间虚拟条件句
当条件状语从句表示的行为和主句表示的行为所发生的时间不一致时,被称为“错综时间条件句”,动词的形式要根据它所表示的时间作出相应的调整。
体会以下主从句分别表示的时间是过去,现在还是未来并找出谓语形式
Ifyouhadlistenedtome,youwouldn'tbeinsuchtroublenow.(从句说明过去,主句说明现在)
Ifhehadfollowedthedoctor’sadvice,hewouldbequiteallrightnow.
ShouldIhavetime,IwouldhelpTomwithhismaths.
用适当形式填空
1.Ifhe______________(work)hardatschool,hewouldbeanengineernow.hadworked
2.IfIknewher,he______________(greet)her.wouldhavegreeted
3.Ifwe______________(catch)theflightyesterday,wewouldbeenjoyingourholidayonthebeachnow.hadcaught
3)含蓄条件句
有时为了表达的需要,在虚拟语气中并不总是出现if引导的条件句,而通过其他手段来代替条件句。
用介词短语代替条件状语从句.常用的介词有with,without,butfor等。
如:
1)用介词短语(Without介词短语)代替条件状语从句。
体会以下句子分别表示的时间是过去,现在还是未来并找出谓语形式
A.Withoutair,therewouldbenolivingthings.
B.Withoutyourticket,Iwouldn'tbeabletogototheconcerttomorrow.
C.Withoutyourhelp,Iwouldhavefailedtheexamlastweek.
这里without引导的介词短语是一个暗含的非真实条件,主句用虚拟语气。
1)与现在事实相反:
Withoutair,mancouldn'texistontheearth.
谓语动词:
would/could/might(not)dosth.
2)与过去事实相反:
谓语动词:
would/could/might(not)havedonesth.
3)与将来事实相反:
谓语动词:
would/could/might(not)dosth.
选择题
1.Whenlifegetshardandyouwanttogiveup,rememberthatlifeisfullofupsanddowns,andwithoutthedowns,theups_________nothing.
A.wouldmeanB.wouldhavemeant
C.willmeanD.hadmeant
【答案】A
2.Withoutyourhelp,I________thefirstprizeintheEnglishSpeakingContest.
A.won’tgetB.didn’tget
C.wouldn’tgetD.wouldn’thavegot
【答案】D
3.Withoutthetimelyarrivaloftherescuers,twentyminers______undergroundyesterday.
A.wouldhavebeentrappedB.wouldbetrapped
C.weretrappedD.hadbeentrapped
【答案】A
2)用butfor短语代替条件状语从句。
B.Iwouldnothavesucceededbutforyourhelp.
C.Butforhishelp,Iwouldbefailed.
练习
Butforwater,it__________(be)impossibletoliveinthedesert.
Butfortherain,we____________(have)apleasantjourneytheotherday.
1.Thevirtualreality____theimpressionthateverybodyisgloriouslyattractive,butforthesocialmedialikeWechatandQQhavingpostedofpeopleshowingofftheirapparentlygoodlives.
A.haveconveyedB.wouldhaveconveyed
C.wouldn’thaveconveyedD.haven’tconveyed
【答案】C
2.—Didyouenjoyyourtrip?
—Yes.Butforyouradvice,we__________ourstayinLondonhalfasmuch.
A.didn’tenjoyB.hadn’tenjoyed
C.wouldn’tenjoyD.wouldn’thaveenjoyed
【答案】D
2)用otherwise等其他短语代替条件状语从句。
D.Fiveminutesearlierandyoucouldhavemetheratthestation.
E.Mycell-phonewaspoweroff.Iwouldhavecalledyouotherwise.
选择题
1.Afterinspectingthebuilding,specialistsdiscoveredsomefaultsthatotherwise________.
A.hadbeenoverlookedB.wereoverlooked
C.wouldhavebeenoverlookedD.wouldbeoverlooked
【答案】C
2.Thankyousomuchforyourkindassistance;otherwise,myson___________theprojectontime.
A.wouldneverhavecompletedB.hadnevercompleted
C.hasnevercompletedD.willnevercomplete
【答案】A
4.虚拟语气在名词性从句中的用法
1)虚拟语气在宾语从句中的应用
1)wish+宾从结构(用来表达愿望)
体会下列wish+宾语从句表达的是对现在,过去还是未来的虚拟,并找出宾从的谓语
a.Hewisheshewereabird,sohecouldflyintheskyfreely.
b.HewisheshewereastallasYaoMingnow.
表示对现在情况的虚拟:
从句动词用过去式(be动词一般用were)。
用wish+宾从表达你的愿望
______________________________________________________________________________
c.Hewishedhehadn’teatensomuchwatermelonyesterday.
d.IwishedIhadn’tquarrelwithmyparentslastweek.Ifeltsosorryforthat.
表示对过去情况的虚拟:
从句动词常用“had+过去分词”。
选择题
Thepartywasterrible,IwishI__________toityesterday.
A.hadnevergoneB.havenevergone
e.IwishitwouldraintomorrowandIcouldstayathometohavearest.
f.IwishIcouldsolvemyproblemoneday.
表示对将来的主观愿望:
从句动词形式为“would\could\might+动词原形”
表达生日愿望
Supposetodayisyourbirthdayandyoucouldachievethreewishes,tellyourpartnerswhatwhishesyouwanttohave.Youshouldbeginwith:
IwishIcould…
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
用适当形式填空
1.Sheisnotbeautiful.Shewishesshe_____(be)beautiful.were
2.Ididn’tpasstheEnglishexam.HowIwishI___________(pass)theEnglishexam.hadpassed
3.Hecan’tdrawverywell.Hewisheshe____________________(candraw)verywellinthefuture.could/would/mightdraw
虚拟语气在wish宾从中的应用总结
2)advise等引导的宾语从句
理解以下句子意思,找出主从句的谓语
A.Sheaskedthatshebekeptinformedofdevelopments.
B.Thedoctoradvisedthathe(should)changehisjob.
c.Thedoctorsuggestedthathe(should)trytolosehisweight.
d.Heinsistedthatwe(should)tellhimthenews.
在表示坚持、命令、建议、要求等动词后的宾语从句中,谓语用“should+动词原形”,should可省略
一坚持:
insist
二命令:
order,command
三建议:
suggest,propose,advise
四要求:
request,require,demand,ask
1._____,thestudentinsistedthathe_____separatedfromhisdeskmate,whoisverynaughty.
A.Toavoidbeingaffected;beB.Toavoidtobeaffected;wouldbe
C.Avoidbeingaffected;shouldbeD.Avoidingtobeaffected;be
【答案】A
2.Itwillbeorderedthatthepatientwhosuffersgreatpains__________on.
A.operatesB.operated
C.beoperatedD.isoperated
【答案】C
3.Theofficergaveacommandthateachofthem______atseveno’clock.
A.ComeB.wouldcome
C.shallcomeD.came
【答案】A
4.Mysuggestionisthatyou_________tobedearly
A.shouldB.wouldgo
C.shouldcomeD.went
【答案】C
2)虚拟语气在主语从句中的用法
在“It+is+adj./某些动词的过去分词+主语从句”的结构中,从句的谓语动词用(should)+do的形式。
常用的形容词有:
important,necessary,natural,strange,impossible等;常用的过去分词通常是表示提议、要求、命令等动词的过去分词。
如:
suggested,decided,ordered,demanded,urged等。
A.Itisstrangethatheshouldknowme.
B.Itishighlydesirablethatanewmayorbeappointedforthiscity.ItisnecessarythatweshouldlearnEnglishwell.
C.Itisrequiredthatthestudentsshouldnotusemobilephonesintheirschool
总结:
1.It’snecessary/strange/natural(自然的,理应如此的)/important…+thatsb(should)do
2.It’ssuggested/decided/ordered/demanded/urgedthat...(should)do..
练习:
1).Itisimportantthatwe________________(master)aforeignlanguage.(s
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