中考英语语法专题详解十四.docx
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中考英语语法专题详解十四.docx
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中考英语语法专题详解十四
中考英语语法专题详解十四
专题十四定语从句
考点聚焦
一、什么是定语从句定语从句(AttributiveClauses)在句中做定语,修饰一个名词或代词,被修饰的名词,词组或代词即先行词。
定语从句通常出现在先行词之后,由关系词(关系代词或关系副词)引出。
二、定语从句的关系词
一般情况下,如果先行词表示人的名词或代词时,关系词应用who,whom或that。
who和that在从句中可以作主语或宾语;whom在从句中作宾语。
whose在从句中常作主语的定语,通常指人,也可以指物,表示“谁的……”.。
先行词如果是表示物的名词或代词时,用that或which均可,但有些情况只能用that,有些情况只能用which。
三、在下列情况下,定语从句的关系代词多用that
1.当先行词为all,something,anything等不定代词时用that。
如:
Youshouldtellmeall(that)youhaveknowabout.
你因该把你所知道的情况告诉我。
Hereissomethingthatmyfatherneeds.
这正是我父亲所需要的东西。
2.当先行词被every,no,some,any,little,much等修饰时,用that。
如:
Hehasspentallthemoneythathisfathergavehim.
他已经把父亲给他的钱都花掉了。
Tomtriedeverymeansthathecoulddotofinishthejobontimebuthefailed.
为了完成工作,汤姆想尽了一切办法,但他还是失败了。
3.当先行词被序数词或形容词的最高级修饰时,用that。
如:
ThisisthesecondletterthatIreceivedfrommyyoungersisterthismonth.
这是我这个月收到我妹妹的第二封信。
GonewiththeWindisoneofthebestfilmsthatIhaveeverseen.《乱世佳人》是我看过的最好的影片之一。
4.先行词被only,very,same,last等词修饰时,用that。
如:
Thisistheonlybookthatyoucanreadinthesefewdays.
这是你最近几天能看的唯一一本书了。
Thatistheverymagazinethatheislookingfor.
那正是他要找的那本杂志。
4.在限制性定语从句中关系代词作表语时应用that。
如:
Thedistancethatyouarefromhomeisimmaterial.
你离家的距离是微不足道的。
6.当主语中已出现which而为了避免重复时使用that。
如:
Whichisthebookthatyouneed?
你需要的是哪一本书呢?
7.当先行词既有人,又有物时,引导词只用that。
如:
Hecanseetwoboysandsometreesthatareatadistanceoffivehundredmeters.
他看见在五百米外有两个男孩和一些树。
四、在下列情况中则多用which
1.非限制性定语从句多用which。
如:
Canada,whichisinNorthAmerica,isthesecondlargestcountryintheworld.
位于北美洲的加拿大是世界第二大国。
2.介词之后的定语从句多用which。
如:
Thisisthestampforwhichheislooking.
这正是他要找的那枚邮票。
3.“those+复数名词”之后的定语从句,用which。
如:
Asupermarketshouldkeepastockofthosegoodswhichsellwell.
商场应储存一些销量好的商品。
4.定语从句离先行词较远时,用which。
如:
MygrandmothergavemeagiftofgreatvalueonmybirthdaywhichIlikedverymuch.
在我生日的那一天,我奶奶给了我一件非常珍贵的礼物,我非常喜欢它。
5.先行词为代词that时,为避免重复,其后的定语从句的引导词多用which(非正式英语也用that)。
如:
HetoldmethatwhichIhadtoldyoubefore.
他告诉我的是以前我曾经给你说过的那件事。
五、在下列情况下,关系代词一般用who(指人)
1.非限制性定语从句中,用who。
如:
Lincoln,whowasmurderedatatheatreinWashington,D.C.,diedonApril15,1865.
林肯在首都华盛顿的一家剧院被人暗杀,于1865年4月15日去世。
2.当不定代词everybody(everyone),anybody(anyone),allone,ones等为先行词时,关系代词一般用who。
如:
Onewhodoesn’tworkhardwillneversucceed.
不努力的人永远不会成功的。
Isthereanybodywhocanswimacrosstheriver?
有人能游过这条河吗?
3.当先行词为those或people时,关系代词一般用who.
Thosewhowanttoseetheexhibitionmustsigntheirnameshere.
要看这个展览的人必须在这里签名。
Peoplewhocanseesometimesactjustasfoolishly.
有时候,眼睛看得见的人也会做同样的傻事。
4.在被分割开来的定语从句中,先行词为人时,关系代词一般用who,如:
ImetaboyattheEnglishCorneryesterdaywhocanspeakEnglishfluently.
昨天,我在英语角上遇到一个能讲一口流利英语的男孩。
5.在以therebe开头的存在句型中,先行词为人,关系代词一般用who.如:
Therewasanoldladywhowantedtoseeyouatthegatejustnow.
刚才大门口有一位老妇人有事找你。
实战演练(2×50)计分:
1.Isthegirl___isreadingabookunderthatbigtreeyoursister?
No.MysisterisinFrance.
A.whoB.whomC.whose
2.Jimdislikepeople_____talkmuchbutneverdoanything.
A.whoB.whomC.whose
3.Thisistheschool_____Istudiedinthreeyearsago.
A.whereB.whenC.which
4.Whatdoyouusuallydoinyourleisuretime?
Ienjoyreadinginthelibrary_____Ilosemyselfwithalotofgoodbooks.
A.whereB.whenC.which
5.Ilovesingers_____writetheirownmusic
A.whoB.whichC.what
6.Thevillage_____Ivisitedlastyearhaschangedalot.
Really?
Ihopetogothereoneday.
A.thatB.whoC.when
7.Theoldwoman_____iswearingapairofglasses_____Mrs.Black
A.which,areB.who,areC.who,is
8.Doyoulikemusic_____makesyourelaxed?
A.itB.whatC.that
9.Thegirl_____.youtalkedwithattheschoolgateisournewmathteacher.
A.whoseB.whichC.whom
10.Iliketheteacher______isstrictwithus.
A.whichB.whoC.whose
11.Icannotforgetthetime______theearthquakehappenedoninYushu.
A.whenB.whichC.who
12.Doyouknowtheboy______issittingnexttoPeter.
Yes,HeisPeter`sfriend.Theyarecelebratinghisninthbirthday.
A.whoB.whoseC.which
13.Ihaveboughtadress_____Ilikebest.
A.whoB.whereC.which
14.Thecamel______Irodehadabadtemper,andIgottired.
A.thatB.whoseC.who
15..GeorgeMallorywasanEnglishteacherlovedclimbing.
A.whoB.whomC.he
16.ThedutyofProjectHopeistohelppoorchildren,isn`tit?
Yes,ithasbuiltmanyschools______thosechildrencanstudyhappily.
A.whereB.whenC.whom
17.Thepolicecaughttheman_____stolemyhand-bag.
A.heB.thatC.whom
18.Theforeigner______visitedourschoolisfromCanada.
A.whichB.whoC.whose
19.Anyone______ispunished.
A.whobreaktherulesB.whobreakstherules
C.whombreaktherules
20.Theplace_______interestedmemostwastheChildren'sPalace.
A.WhichB.whereC.what
21.Doyouknowtheman_______?
A.whomIspokeB.towhospokeC.Ispoketo
22.Thisisthehotel_______lastmonth.
A.whichtheystayedinB.atthattheystayed
C.wheretheystayedat
23.Doyouknowtheyear______theChineseCommunistPartywasfounded?
A.whichB.thatC.inwhich
24.Thatistheday______I'llneverforget.
A.whichB.onwhichC.inwhich
25.Thefactory______we'llvisitnextweekisnotfarfromhere.
A.whereB.towhichC.which
26.Greatchangeshavetakenplacesincetheninthefactory_______weareworking.
A.whereB.thatC.which
27.Thisisoneofthebestfilms_______.
.A.thathavebeenshownthisyearB.thathaveshown
C.thathasbeenshownthisyear
28.Canyoulendmethebook______theotherday?
A.aboutwhichyoutalkedB.whichyoutalked
C.aboutthatyoutalked
29.Thepen______heiswritingismine.
A.withwhichB.inwhichC.onwhich
30.Theyarrivedatafarmhouse,infrontof______satasmallboy.
A.whomB.whoC.which
31.Isthereanyoneinyourclass______familyisinthecountry?
A.whoB.who'sC.whose
32.I'minterestedinall______youhavesaid.
A.thatB.whatC.which
33.Iwanttousethedictionary______wasusedyesterday.
A.whichB.whoC.what
34.Hetalkedalotaboutthingsandpersons________theyrememberedintheschool.
A.whichB.thatC.whom
35.Theletterisfrommysister,______isworkinginBeijing.
A.whichB.thatC.who
36.Inourfactorythereare2,000workers,twothirdsof____arewomen.
A.themB.whichC.whom
37.Ilostabook,______Ican'tremembernow.
A.whosetitleB.itstitleC.thetitleofit
38.LastsummerwevisitedtheWestLake,______Hangzhouisfamousintheworld.
A.forwhichB.forthatC.inwhich
39.Icanneverforgetthedaywhenweworkedtogetherandtheday______wespenttogether.
A.whichB.whenC.onwhich;
40.Theman______hairiswhiteisAmerican.
A.whichB.whoseC.what
41.Myneighborsusedtogivemeahandintimeoftrouble,_______wasverykindofthem.
A.whoB.whichC.it
42.Ishallneverforgetthoseyears_______Ispendonthefarmwiththefarmers.
A.whenB.thatC.where
43.Thenumberofthepeoplewho_______cars_______increasing.
A.owns;areB.own;isC.own;are
44.Isoxygentheonlygas_______helpsfireburn?
A.thatB./C.which
45.Johngotbeateninthegame,_______hadbeenexpected.
A.whichB.thatC.what
46.Doyouknowthewomanaboutherinformation_____iscryingoverthere?
A.whoB.whoseC.which
47.--Doyouknowtheboy_______wearsablueshirt?
--Yes,he’sJill.
A.whoB.whichC.whose
48.--Whatkindofmusicwouldyourmotherlike?
--Sheprefersmusicquietandgentle.
A.thatareB.thatisC.whichhas
49.-----Theskirtismadeofsilkisverycomfortable.Wouldyoulikeone?
----Letmehavealook.
A.whoB.whatC.that
50.Ilikeplaces_____arequietandbeautiful.
A.thoseB.whichC.where
参考答案
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41—45BBBAA
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