研究生英语听力答案.docx
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研究生英语听力答案.docx
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研究生英语听力答案
研究生英语听力答案
【篇一:
2015年考研英语一真题及答案详细解析】
ass=txt>2015年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语
(一)试题
及答案详细解析
sectioniuseofenglish:
directions:
readthefollowingtext.choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankandmarka,b,cordontheanswersheet.(10points)
thoughnotbiologicallyrelated,friendsareas―related‖asfourthcousins,sharingabout1%ofgenes.thatis_
(1)_astudy,publishedfromtheuniversityofcaliforniaandyaleuniversityintheproceedingsofthenationalacademyofsciences,has__
(2)_.
thestudyisagenome-wideanalysisconducted_(3)__1,932uniquesubjectswhich__(4)__pairsofuelatedfriendsanduelatedstrangers.thesamepeoplewereusedinboth_(5)_.
while1%mayseem_(6)_,itisnotsotoageneticist.asjamesfowler,professorofmedicalgeneticsatucsandiego,says,―mostpeopledonoteven_(7)_theirfourthcousinsbutsomehowmanagetoselectasfriendsthepeoplewho_(8)_ourkin.‖
thestudy_(9)_foundthatthegenesforsmellweresomethingsharedinfriendsbutnotgenesforimmunity.whythissimilarityexistsinsmellgenesisdifficulttoexplain,fornow,_(10)_,astheteamsuggests,itdrawsustosimilarenvironmentsbutthereismore_(11)_it.therecouldbemanymechanismsworkingtogetherthat_(12)_usinchoosinggeneticallysimilarfriends_(13)_‖functionalkinship‖ofbeingfriendswith_(14)_!
oneoftheremarkablefindingsofthestudywasthesimilargenesseemtobeevolution_(15)_thanothergenesstudyingthiscouldhelp_(16)_whyhumanevolutionpickedpaceinthelast30,000years,withsocialenvironmentbeingamajor_(17)_factor.
thefindingsdonotsimplyexplainpeople‘s_(18)_tobefriendthoseofsimilar_(19)_backgrounds,saytheresearchers.thoughallthesubjectsweredrawnfromapopulationofeuropeanextraction,carewastakento_(20)_thatallsubjects,friendsandstrangers,weretakenfromthesamepopulation.
1.[a]when[b]why[c]how[d]what
2.[a]defended[b]concluded[c]withdrawn[d]advised
3.[a]for[b]with[c]on[d]by
4.[a]compared[b]sought[c]separated[d]connected
5.[a]tests[b]objects[c]samples[d]examples
6.[a]insignificant[b]unexpected[c]unbelievable[d]incredible
7.[a]visit[b]miss[c]seek[d]know
8.[a]resemble[b]influence[c]favor[d]surpass
9.[a]again[b]also[c]instead[d]thus
10.[a]meanwhile[b]furthermore[c]likewise[d]perhaps
11.[a]about[b]to[c]from[d]like
12.[a]drive[b]observe[c]confuse[d]limit13.[a]accordingto[b]ratherthan[c]regardlessof[d]alongwith14.[a]chances[b]responses[c]missions[d]benefits15.[a]later[b]slower[c]faster[d]earlier16.[a]forecast[b]remember[c]understand[d]express17.[a]unpredictable[b]contributory[c]controllable[d]disruptive18.[a]endeavor[b]decision[c]arrangement[d]tendency19.[a]political[b]religious[c]ethnic[d]economic
20.[a]see[b]show[c]prove[d]tell
sectioniireadingcomprehension
parta
directions:
readthefollowingfourtexts.answerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosinga,b,
cord.markyouranswersonanswersheet.(40points)
text1
kingjuancarlosofspainonceinsisted―kingsdon‘tabdicate,theydareintheirsleep.‖butembarrassingscandalsandthepopularityoftherepublicanleftintherecenteuro-electionshaveforcedhimtoeathiswordsandstanddown.so,doesthespanishcrisissuggestthatmonarchyisseeingitslastdays?
doesthatmeanthewritingisonthewallforalleuropeanroyals,withtheirmagnificentuniformsandmajesticlifestyle?
thespanishcaseprovidesargumentsbothforandagainstmonarchy.whenpublicopinionisparticularlypolarised,asitwasfollowingtheendofthefrancoregime,monarchscanriseabove―mere‖politicsand―embody‖aspiritofnationalunity.
itisthisapparenttranscendenceofpoliticsthatexplainsmonarchs‘continuingpopularitypolarized.andalso,themiddleeastexcepted,europeisthemostmonarch-infestedregionintheworld,with10kingdoms(notcountingvaticancityandandorra).butunliketheirabsolutistcounterpartsinthegulfandasia,mostroyalfamilieshavesurvivedbecausetheyallowvoterstoavoidthedifficultsearchforanon-controversialbutrespectedpublicfigure.
evenso,kingsandqueensundoubtedlyhaveadownside.symbolicofnationalunityastheyclaimtobe,theirveryhistory—andsometimesthewaytheybehavetoday–embodiesoutdatedandindefensibleprivilegesandinequalities.atatimewhenthomaspikettyandothereconomistsarewarningofrisinginequalityandtheincreasingpowerofinheritedwealth,itisbizarrethatwealthyaristocraticfamiliesshouldstillbethesymbolicheartofmoderndemocraticstates.
themostsuccessfulmonarchiesstrivetoabandonorhidetheiroldaristocraticways.princesandprincesseshaveday-jobsandridebicycles,nothorses(orhelicopters).evenso,thesearewealthyfamilieswhopartywiththeinternational1%,andmediaintrusivenessmakesitincreasinglydifficulttomaintaintherightimage.
whileeurope‘smonarchieswillnodoubtbesmartenoughtosurviveforsometimetocome,itisthebritishroyalswhohavemosttofearfromthespanishexample.
itisonlythequeenwhohaspreservedthemonarchy‘sreputationwithherrather
ordinary(ifwell-heeled)grannystyle.thedangerwillcomewithcharles,whohasbothanexpensivetasteoflifestyleandaprettyhierarchicalviewoftheworld.hehasfailedtounderstandthatmonarchieshavelargelysurvivedbecausetheyprovideaservice–asnon-controversialandnon-politicalheadsofstate.charlesoughttoknowthatasenglishhistoryshows,itiskings,notrepublicans,whoarethemonarchy‘sworstenemies.
21.accordingtothefirsttwoparagraphs,kingjuancarlosofspain
[a]usedturnenjoyhighpublicsupport
[b]wasunpopularamongeuropeanroyals
[c]casedhisrelationshipwithhisrivals
[d]endedhisreigninembarrassment
22.monarchsarekeptasheadsofstateineuropemostly
[a]owingtotheirundoubtedandrespectablestatus
[b]toachieveabalancebetweentraditionandreality
[c]togivevotermorepublicfigurestolookupto
[d]duetotheireverlastingpoliticalembodiment
23.whichofthefollowingisshowntobeodd,accordingtoparagraph4?
[a]aristocrats‘excessiverelianceoninheritedwealth
[b]theroleofthenobilityinmoderndemocracies
[c]thesimplelifestyleofthearistocraticfamilies
[d]thenobility‘sadherencetotheirprivileges
24.thebritishroyals―havemosttofear‖becausecharles
[a]takesaroughlineonpoliticalissues
[b]failstochangehislifestyleasadvised
[c]takesrepublicansashispotentialallies
[d]failstoadapthimselftohisfuturerole
25.whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleofthetext?
[a]carlos,gloryanddisgracecombined
[b]charles,anxioustosucceedtothethrone
[c]carlos,alessonforalleuropeanmonarchs
[d]charles,slowtoreacttothecomingthreats
text2
justhowmuchdoestheconstitutionprotectyourdigitaldata?
thesupremecourtwillnowconsiderwhetherpolicecansearchthecontentsofamobilephonewithoutawarrantifthephoneisonoraroundapersonduringanarrest.
californiahasaskedthejusticestorefrainfromasweepingrulingparticularlyonethatupsetstheoldassumptionthatauthoritiesmaysearchthroughthepossessionsofsuspectsatthetimeoftheirarrest.itishard,thestateargues,forjudgestoassesstheimplicationsofnewandrapidlychangingtechnologies.
thecourtwouldberecklesslymodestifitfollowedcalifornia‘sadvice.enoughoftheimplicationsarediscernable,evenobvious,sothatthejusticescanandshouldprovideupdatedguidelinestopolice,lawyersanddefendants.
theyshouldstartbydiscardingcalifornia‘slameargumentthatexploringthecontents
ofasmartphone—avaststorehouseofdigitalinformation—issimilarto,say,riflingthroughasuspect‘spurse.thecourthasruledthatpolicedon‘tviolatethefourthamendmentwhentheysiftthroughthewalletorpocketbookofanarresteewithoutawarrant.butexploringone‘ssmartphoneismorelikeenteringhisorherhome.asmartphonemaycontainanarrestee‘sreadinghistory,financialhistory,medicalhistoryandcomprehensiverecordsofrecentcorrespondence.thedevelopmentof―cloudcomputing,‖meanwhile,hasmadethatexplorationsomuchtheeasier.
americansshouldtakestepstoprotecttheirdigitalprivacy.butkeepingsensitiveinformationonthesedevicesisincreasinglyarequirementofnormallife.citizensstillhavearighttoexpectprivatedocumentstoremainprivateandprotectedbytheconstitution‘sprohibitiononueasonablesearches.
assooftenisthecase,statingthatprincipledoesn‘teasethechallengeofline-drawing.inmanycases,itwouldnotbeoverlyonerousforauthoritiestoobtainawarranttosearchthroughphonecontents.theycouldstillinvalidatefourthamendmentprotectionswhenfacingsevere,urgentcircumstances,andtheycouldtakereasonablemeasurestoensurethatphonedataarenoterasedoralteredwhileawarrantispending.thecourt,though,maywanttoallowroomforpolicetocitesituationswheretheyareentitledtomorefreedom.
butthejusticesshouldnotswallowcalifornia‘sargumentwhole.new,disruptivetechnologysometimesdemandsnovelapplicationsoftheconstitution‘sprotections.orinkerr,alawprofessor,comparestheexplosionandaccessibilityofdigitalinformationinthe21stcenturywiththeestablishmentofautomobileuseasavirtualnecessityoflifeinthe20th:
thejusticeshadtospecifynovelrulesforthenewpersonaldomainofthepassengercarthen;theymustsortouthowthefourthamendmentappliestodigitalinformationnow.
26.thesupremecourtwillw
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