直接引语和间接引语讲解及练习.docx
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直接引语和间接引语讲解及练习.docx
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直接引语和间接引语讲解及练习
Unit1语法核心冲破:
直接引语变间接引语
概念:
咱们转述他人的话时,能够引用他人的原话,被引用的部份称为直接引语;
用自己的话转述他人的话叫间接引语。
这两种引语都是宾语从句,可是直接引语放在引号内,不用连词联接;间接引语不用引号,通经常使用连接词与主句联接
一、直接引语变间接引语时句式的转变
1.陈述句变成以that引导的宾语从句
例:
Hesaid,“I'mveryglad.”
→Hesaidhewasveryglad.
2.一样疑问句变成if(whether)引导的宾语从句。
例:
Hesaid,“Canyoucomethisafternoon,John?
”
→HeaskedJohncouldcomethatafternoon.
3.特殊疑问句变成由who,what,when,why,where等特殊疑问词引导的宾语从句
例:
Hesaid,“WhereisMr.Wang?
”
→HeaskedwhereMr.Wangwas.
Tomsaystome,“whatfooddoyoulikebest”.
→TomasksmefoodIlikebest
4.祈使句变间接引语时,要变成ask/tell/ordersb(not)todosth。
Ourparentstoldus“LearnEnglishwell!
”咱们的父母告知咱们:
“把英语学好啊!
”
OurparentstoldusEnglishwell.咱们的父母告知我吗要把英语学好。
Theteachersaidtome,“Don’treadthatnovel!
”
Theteacherasked/toldmethatnovel.
Ourparentstoldus,“Neverdowrong!
”父母告知咱们:
“不要做错事!
”
Ourparentstoldusnevertodowrong.咱们的父母告知咱们不要做错事。
二、人称的转变
【点拨】人称的转变一样遵循“一同主,二随宾,三不变”这一原那么
例如:
“IwenttotheGreatWallyesterday,”LiHuasaid.
→LiHuasaidthathehadgonetotheGreatWallthedaybefore.
“I’llcometohelpyouwheneveryouneedmyhelp,”heansweredher.
→Heansweredherthathewouldcometohelpherwheneversheneededhishelp.
Shesaidtome,“Yourpronunciationisbetterthanhis.”
→Shetoldmethatmypronunciationwasbetterthanhis.
三、时态转变
主句的谓语动词是一样过去时,从句的谓语动词在时态方面要做相应的转变,总的原那么是向过去推一个时态
时态的变化
例句
一般现在时→
一般过去时
Shesaid,“Ineedacalculator.”
→Shesaidthatsheneededacalculator.
现在进行时→
过去进行时
Jimsaid,“I’mexpectingalongdistancecall.”
→Jimsaidthathewasexpectingalongdistancecall.
一般将来时→过去将来时
Nancysaid,“I’llcallagainlater.”
→Nancysaidthatshewouldcallagainlater.
一般过去时→过去完成时
Hesaid,“Itookithomewithme.”
→Hesaidthathehadtakenithomewithhim.
现在完成时→过去完成时
Paulsaid,“Ourteamhaswonthematch.”
→Paulsaidthattheirteamhadwonthematch.
过去完成时→过去完成时
Hesaid,“Ihadfinishedmyhomeworkbeforesupper.”
→Hesaidthathehadfinishedhishomeworkbeforesupper.
四、指示代词、时刻状语、地址状语和动词的转变
变化形式
例句
指
示
代
词
this→that
Shesaid,“Sheiscomingthisweek.”
→Shesaidthatshewascomingthatweek.
these→those
Hesaid,“Thesebooksaremine.”
→Hesaidthosebookswerehis.
时
间
状
now→then
Hesaid,“It’steno’clocknow.”
→Hesaidthatitwasteno’clockthen.
语
today→thatday
Hesaid,“Ihaven’tseenhertoday.”
→Hesaidthathehadn’tseenherthatday.
tonight→thatnight
Shesaid,“I’llcomeagaintonight.”
→Shesaidthatshewouldgoagainthatnight.
yesterday→thedaybefore
Hesaid,“Thishappenedyesterday.”
→Hesaidthatthishadhappenedthedaybefore.
Threedaysago→threedaysbefore
Shesaid,“Iarrivedtwodaysago.”
→Shesaidthatshehadarrivedtwodaysbefore.
tomorrow→thenextday
thefollowingday
Shesaid,“I”llbebacktomorrow.”
→Shesaidthathewouldbebackthenextday.
nextweek→thenextweek
Shesaid,“I’lldoitnextweek.”
→Shesaidthatshewoulddoitthenextweek.
地
点
状
语
here→there
Shesaid,“IcameheretoseeTom.”
→ShesaidthathehadgonetheretoseeTom.
动
词
come/bring→go/take
Hesaid,“Ibroughtithomewithme.”
→Hesaidhehadtakenithomewithhim.
【拓展延伸】
直接引语变成间接引语不时态不作改变的情形
①主句的谓语动词为此刻或以后时态,从句的时态无需转变例如:
Hesays,“I’mtired.”
→Hesaysthatheistired.
Hewillsay,“Theboywaslazy.”
→Hewilltellyouthattheboywaslazy.
②当直接引语是客观真理时,不受时刻的限制,因此不需要转变时态。
Ourgeographyteachersaidtous,“Theearthgoesroundthesun.”
→Ourgeographyteachertoldusthattheearthgoesroundthesun.
③直接引语是一样过去时,而且和具体的过去时刻连用,时态不作改变
Shesaid,“Iwasbornin1995.”
→Shesaidthatshewasbornin1995.
【典型例题】
(1)Canyoutellme_______?
A.whatthematterisB.whatmatteritis
C.what’sthematterD.thematteriswhat
(2)Thephysicsteachersaidtheearth____aroundthesun.
A.ismovingB.movedC.hadmovedD.moves
【语法专练】
1.Motheraskedtheyoungestkid____withhiscar.
A.whatthematterB.Whatwasthematter
C.whatthematterisD.whatisthematter
2.Thetouristaskedtheguidewhathe____visitthenextday.
A.wasgoingtoB.willC.isgoinginD.isto
3.Theteachertoldusthatlight____fasterthansound.
A.traveledB.hadtraveledC.istraveling
4.Tomhankstoldhisteacherthathe____bornin1968.
A.wasB.hadbeenC.isD.hasbeen
5.LindaaskedAmy_____shecouldtellherthegeneralideasofthepoem.
A.thatB.whetherC.whatD.how
6.Mybrothersaidtome,“I’mgoingtohaveaholidaynextweek.”
Mybrother________________________________goingtohaveaholidaythenextweek.
7.Mothersaidtome,“Whatareyoudoingintheroom?
”
Motheraskedme___________________________________intheroom.
asked,“CanIborrowyourbike?
”
Heasked_______________________borrowmybike
saidtome,“Doyoulikefootball?
”
Tomaskedme_________________________football
saidtome,“Iwentovermylessonslastnight.”
Shetoldme____________________________overherlessonsthenightbefore.
附:
UnitI短语归纳
1.做个好朋友tobeagoodfriend
2.做以下调查makethefollowingsurvey
3.合计总分addupthescore
4.得分getpoints
5.心烦意乱地来到学校cometoschoolupset
6.不睬睬铃声ignorethebell
7.使你那个德国朋友安静下来calmdownyourGermanfriend
8.关切你朋友beconcernedaboutyourfriend(s)
9.松开了getloose
10.不能不去户外遛狗havegottowalkthedogoutdoors
11.帮他期末考试作弊helphimcheatintheend-of-termexam
12.列出理由makealistofreasons/listthereasons
13.记下连续串的请求setdownaseriesofrequests
14.依照问卷调查accordingtothequestionnaire
15.依照编辑的忠告accordingtotheeditor’sadvice
16.为了分担你的困难inordertoshareyourdifficulties/troubles
17.与老板相爱fallinlovewiththeboss
18.与我的同桌相处融洽getalong/onwellwithmydeskmate
19.关切青青年beconcernedaboutteenagers
20.为了和老板面对面地交流inordertocommunicatewiththebossfacetoface
21.信任政府trust/believeinthegovernment
22.经历了太多的战争gothroughtoomanywars
23.相邻的城镇neighboringtowns
24.相邻的国家neighboringcountries
直接引语变间接引语练习题
一、将所给直接引语变成间接引语,每空一词:
1.“Inevereatmeat.”hesaid.
Hesaidthat______never______meat.
2.“I’vefoundmywallet.”hesaidtome.
He______methathe__________________wallet.
3.“Itookithomewithme.”shesaid.
Shesaidthat___________________ithomewithher.
4.Theteachersaid,“Thesunrisesintheeastandgoesdowninthewest.”
Theteachersaidthatthesun______intheeastand______downinthewest.
5.“Imetheryesterday.”hesaidtome.
He______methathe______mettheday______.
6.“Youmustcomeherebeforefive.”hesaid.
HesaidthatI______togo______beforefive.
7.“Iboughtthehouse10yearsago.”hesaid.
Hesaidthathe_______boughtthehouse10years_______.
8.“Didyouseeherlastweek?
”hesaid.
He____________Ihadseenhertheweek_______.
9.Hesaid,“Youcansithere,Jim.”
He______Jimthathe______sitthere.
10.Heasked,“Howdidyoufindit,mother?
”
Heaskedhermother__________________foundit.
11.“Wherehaveyoubeenthesedays?
”heasked.
Heaskedme_____________________been_______days.
12.“Doyouknowwhereshelives?
”heasked.
Heasked____________knewwhereshe______.
13.“Stopmakingsomuchnoise,children.”hesaid.
He______thechildren____________makingsomuchnoise.
14.“Don’ttellhimthenews.”shesaid.
Shetoldme___________________himthenews.
15.“Iamhavingsupper,”hesaid.
Hesaidthat______________havingsupper.
16.“I’veseenthefilm,”Ginasaidtome.
Gina_______methatshe______________thefilm.
17.“Iwenthomewithmysister,”shesaid.
Shesaidthat_____________________homewithhersister.
18.“Keepquiet,children.”hesaid.
He_______thechildren______________quiet.
20.“Don’tlookoutofthewindow,”shesaid.
Shetoldme_____________________outofthewindow.
家庭作业
1.“Iamhavingsupper,”hesaid.
Hesaidthat______________havingsupper.
2.“I’veseenthefilm,”Ginasaidtome.
Gina_______methatshe______________thefilm.
3.“Iwenthomewithmysister,”shesaid.
Shesaidthat_____________________homewithhersister.
4.Theteachersaid,“Thesunisbiggerthanthemoon.”
Theteachersaidthatthesun_______biggerthanthemoon.
5.“Imetheryesterday,”hesaidtome.
Hetoldmethathe_______methertheday_______.
6.“Youmustcomeherebeforefive,”hesaid.
HesaidthatI_______togo_______beforefive.
7.“Iboughtthecomputertwoweeksago,”shesaid.
Shesaidthatshe_______boughtthecomputertwoweeks_______.
8.“Didyoureadthebooklastweek?
”hesaid.
He______________Ihadreadthebooktheweek_______.
9.Hesaid,“Youcansithere,Jim.”
He_______Jimthathe_______sitthere
10.Heasked,“Howdidyoufindit,mother?
”
Heaskedhermother_____________________foundit.
11.“Wherehaveyoubeenthesedays?
”heasked.
Heaskedme_____________________been_______days.
12“Doyouknowwhereshelives?
”heaskedme.
Heaskedme______________knewwhereshe_______.
13.“Keepquiet,children.”hesaid.
He_______thechildren______________quiet.
14.“Don’tlookoutofthewindow,”shesaid.
Shetoldme_____________________outofthewindow.
15.“Areyouinterestedinthis?
”hesaidtome.
Heasked______________Iwasinterestedin_______.
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