耶鲁公开课心理学导论16中英字幕Word文件下载.docx
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耶鲁公开课心理学导论16中英字幕Word文件下载.docx
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49.32,必须能够理解自然界的相互作用wehavetobeabletounderstandphysicalinteractions.
49.32,0:
51.87,但可能我们进化成的心理Butprobablythemostinterestingaspectof
51.87,0:
57.31,最有趣的方面是我们能够理解他人与他人打交道ourevolvedmindsisourcapacitytounderstandanddealwithotherpeople.
57.31,0:
01:
03.11,我们对他人如何工作非常感兴趣Weareintenselyinterestedinhowotherpeoplework.
03.11,0:
10.06,二零零五年有个大新闻Thestorythatwasadominantnewsstoryin2005wasthis.
10.28,0:
14.03,你们中的一些人那些看不到屏幕的人Andsomeofyou--this--forthoseofyouwhoaren'
tseeingthescreen,
14.03,0:
18.26,这是有关詹妮弗·
安妮丝顿和布拉德·
皮特的离婚案istheseparationofJenniferAnistonandBradPitt.
18.69,0:
21.79,我还记得我第一次听说这事是在什么地方IrememberwhereIwaswhenIfirstheardaboutthis.
24.83,0:
30.40,这非常有趣就是记得作为心理学家Andit'
saninterestingsight.Justremember--steppingback.Aspsychologists
30.40,0:
33.59,我们必须对肯定的事情提出疑问我们要质疑所谓的常识wehavetoquestionthenatural.Wehavetotakethings
33.59,0:
38.58,并研究它们刚刚发生的事情是thatarecommonsenseandexplorethem.Andonethingwhichjusthappensis,
38.58,0:
40.06,我们为这些事情所着迷we'
refascinatedbythisstuff.
40.06,0:
42.80,我们对名人的生活感兴趣We'
refascinatedbythelivesofcelebrities.
42.80,0:
45.77,我们对他人的社会生活非常感兴趣We'
refascinatedbythesociallivesofotherpeople.
45.77,0:
50.50,为什么会这样呢这是个有趣的问题Andit'
saninterestingquestiontoaskwhy.
51.34,0:
52.86,这是我将在之后两节课中Andthisisoneofthequestions
52.86,0:
56.45,会讲到的问题之一whichI'
mgoingtodealwithinthenextcoupleoflectures
56.45,0:
59.95,但在我开始讲社会心理学理论之前butbeforeIgettothetheoryofsocialpsychology
59.95,0:
02:
02.67,我想先讨论一项个体差异Iwanttotalkaboutanindividualdifference.
02.67,0:
07.07,几周前我们用了一节课的时间So,wedevotedalectureearlyon--ofacoupleofweeksago,
07.07,0:
12.17,讲述人与人之间智力和人格上的个体差异toindividualdifferencesacrosspeopleinintelligenceandpersonality.
12.17,0:
17.06,我想讲有关人在社会属性方面的差异Iwanttotalkalittlebitaboutanindividualdifferenceinoursocialnatures
17.06,0:
20.34,然后给大家做个测验andthenIwantpeopletodoatestthatwillexplore
20.34,0:
23.03,看看你们处于什么位置whereyoustandonacontinuum.
23.03,0:
26.46,你面前放着的那张纸就是测验Thattestisthepieceofpaperyouhaveinfrontofyou.
26.46,0:
28.94,没有拿到的同学请举手Anybodywhodoesn'
thaveitpleaseraiseyourhand
28.94,0:
30.92,助教会发给你andoneoftheteachingfellowswillbringittoyou.
30.92,0:
35.00,不要着急你现在还不知道怎么做Youdon'
tknowwhattodoyetwithitsodon'
tworry.
35.00,0:
37.99,这个测试是马尔科姆·
格拉德威尔ThetestwasdevelopedactuallybyMalcolmGladwell
37.99,0:
43.49,他是一位科普作家在他著作《引爆流行》中开发的whoisasciencewriter--inhiswonderfulbookTheTippingPoint.
43.49,0:
45.41,格拉德威尔在测验介绍中Andasheintroducesthetest,
45.41,0:
50.70,他详述了斯坦利·
米尔格拉姆的另一个实验GladwellrecountsanotherexperimentdonebyStanleyMilgram,
50.70,0:
55.11,当然米尔格拉姆因服从实验闻名但他也做了很多有趣的事ofcoursefamousforhisobedienceworkbuthedidalotofinterestingthings.
55.11,0:
03:
03.33,在一项经典实验中他将包裹给从内布拉斯加州的奥马哈人中Andoneclassicstudyhedidwashegaveapackageto160peoplerandomlychosen
03.33,0:
11.29,随机挑选的一百六十人然后让这些人无论如何将包裹送给inOmaha,Nebraskaandheaskedthesepeopletogetthepackagesomehow
11.29,0:
14.15,这在很多年前还没有因特网andthiswasmanyyearsagobeforetheinternet,
14.15,0:
19.97,没有电邮要将包裹送到一个在波士顿工作beforee-mail?
TogetthepackagetoastockbrokerwhoworkedinBoston
19.97,0:
23.13,却住在马萨诸塞州雪伦市的股票经纪人butlivedinSharon,Massachusetts.
23.13,0:
26.90,他发现大多数人竟然做到了Whathefoundwasthatmostpeoplewereabletodoit.
26.90,0:
29.56,当然没有人认识这个人Nobody,ofcourse,knewthisman
29.56,0:
33.47,但他们认识那些可能认识这个人的人buttheyknewpeoplewhomightknowpeoplewhowouldknowthisman.
33.47,0:
38.72,所以大多数人成功了大多数人都能将包裹送至这个人So,mostpeoplesucceeded.Mostpeoplewereabletogetthepackagestothisman
38.72,0:
45.29,这就是六度分隔理论andittookatmaximumsixdegreesofseparation,
45.29,0:
48.27,著名的短语的出处whichiswherethefamousphrasecomesabout
48.27,0:
52.48,我们与他人的间隔只有六个人而已thatwe'
reallseparatedfromanotherpersonbysixdegreesofseparation.
52.48,0:
53.91,这不是普遍正确的Thisisnottrueingeneral.
53.91,0:
57.83,只在美国内做过实验Thiswasavery--asingleexperimentdonewithintheUnitedStates,
57.83,0:
59.63,但这个想法非常吸引人buttheideaisappealing,
59.63,0:
04:
03.94,人们是通过一系列人脉与其他人联系的thatpeopleareconnectedtooneanotherviachainsofpeople.
06.06,0:
10.91,米尔格拉姆发现特别有趣的是ButwhatMilgramfoundthatwasparticularlyinterestingwas
11.23,0:
19.69,半数的被试仅通过两个人就将包裹送到了thatinabouthalfofthecasesthesepackageswentthroughtwopeople.
19.69,0:
24.79,也就是说如果标出人与人间的关系Thatis,ifyouplottherelationshipsbetweenpeople--
24.79,0:
28.88,我们以这个房间里的人为例Wecantakeeachpersoninthisroom,
28.88,0:
32.97,将彼此认识的人连线findeverybodyyouknowandwhoknowsyouanddrawaline,
32.97,0:
37.81,如果我们真这么做的话我们看到的不会是一张网butifweweretodothisyouwouldn'
tfindanevenmeshofwires.
37.81,0:
41.16,相反你会发现有些人会成为节点Rather,you'
dfindthatsomepeopleareclusters.
41.16,0:
45.40,这些人就是格拉德威尔所谓的联系员这有点像空中交通SomepeoplearewhatGladwellcalls"
Connectors."
it'
slikeairtraffic.
45.40,0:
50.14,以前的空中交通是与各个目的地的连线Airtrafficusedtobeeverythingflewtoplaceslocal
50.14,0:
56.27,但现在更像一个枢纽系统例如芝加哥的奥黑尔或纽瓦克toitbutnowthere'
sasystemofhubs,chicagoO'
HareforinstanceorNewark
56.27,0:
05:
00.99,都是许多飞机经过的地方而有些人就是枢纽whereplanesflythrough.Somepeoplearehubs.
00.99,0:
05.92,这些人就是那种认识很多人的人Somepeoplearethesortofpeoplewhoknowalotofpeople.
05.92,0:
11.82,这房间里的一些人可能是枢纽这不难发现Somepeopleinthisroommightbehubs,anditisnotimpossibletofindout.
11.82,0:
18.28,这张纸上有二百五十个从曼哈顿电话簿上Thepieceofpaperyouhavehereis250nameschosenrandomly
18.28,0:
21.55,随机抽取的名字fromaManhattanphonebook.
22.18,0:
25.38,其中包含了不同种族Theycapturearangeofethnicities,
25.38,0:
30.17,世界不同地区不同原国籍的人differentpartsoftheworld,differentnationalorigins.
30.17,0:
34.07,下面就是我想让你们做的我给大家五分钟时间Here'
swhatI'
dlikeyoutodo.AndI'
llgiveaboutfiveminutesforthis.
34.07,0:
40.20,浏览这些名字并圈出那些你认识的人的名字Gothroughthesenamesandcirclehowmanypeopleyouknow.
40.20,0:
42.40,圈名字的规则是Now,therulesofthisare,
42.40,0:
47.44,圈出那些你们彼此认识的人的名字toknowsomebodyyouhaveto--theyhavetoknowyouback.
47.44,0:
57.04,如果是个名人这里一个名字是约翰逊So,ifit'
sacelebrity--Well,here--oneofthenameshereisJohnson.
57.04,0:
06:
01.56,我听说过埃尔文·
约翰逊但埃尔文·
约翰逊从没听说过我Now,I'
veheardofMagicJohnsonbutMagicJohnsonhasneverheardofme,
01.56,0:
06.52,所以不能圈这个名字另外我们系主任是玛西亚·
约翰逊soIcannotcircleit.Ontheotherhand,ourdepartmentchairisMarciaJohnson.
06.52,0:
11.01,她认识我所以我就可以圈她开始浏览并圈出你认识的人Shehasheardofme,soIcouldcircleit.Gothroughandcircleit.
11.01,0:
15.60,圈出所有你认识同时也认识你的人Circleallthepeopleyouknowwhoknowyou.
15.60,0:
17.82,那些就是和你有联系的人Thosearethepeopleyou'
reconnectedto.
17.82,0:
22.76,如果你认识的人里有重名的圈两次Ifyouknowmorethanonepersonwiththesamelastname,circleittwice.
22.76,0:
25.14,如果你没有拿到这张纸而你又想参与进来Ifyoudon'
thavethispieceofpaperandyouwanttoparticipate,
25.14,0:
29.42,请举手助教会发给你pleaseraiseyourhandandoneoftheteachingfellowswillbringittoyou.
08:
05.49,0:
09.63,在大家做这个的时候我想多说两句I'
mgoingtotalkalittlebitmoreaboutthiswhilepeoplegothroughthis.
11.03,0:
15.35,人际关系的问题很多情况下都很有趣Theissueofconnectionsbetweenpeopleisintellectuallyinteresting
15.35,0:
21.07,还可以让我们对人们如何互动formanyreasonsandmightallowustodevelopsomegeneralizations
21.07,0:
27.68,有一个归纳当然六度空间理论abouthowpeopleint
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