虚拟语气的重点是Word文档格式.docx
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虚拟语气的重点是Word文档格式.docx
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IwishIhadnotgonetoit.
---“IletJoeborrowourradiofortheafternoon.”
---“That’sallright,butIwishhewouldbuyoneofhisown.”
Iwishthatheweren’tsolazy.
(2)hadhoped引起的宾语从句中备用语动词形式为would+动词原形,表示一种过去未实现的愿望或令人失望的事。
Hisfatherhadhopedthathissonwouldgotobusinesswithhim,buthissonbecameanartistlater.
(3)would(had)rather,wouldassoon,wouldsooner和wouldprefer所引起的从句中要求用过去式表示当时或将来的情况,用过去完成时表示过去的情况,表示希望或婉转的责备。
例如:
I’dratheryoupostedtheletterrightaway.我倒希望你把这封信立刻寄出去。
Iwouldpreferhedidn’tstaytheretoolong.我倒希望他不要在那儿可得太久。
Iwouldjustassoonyouhadreturnedthebookyesterday.我真希望你昨天把这本书还了。
(4)It’s(high,about)timethat句型中that从句中要求用虚拟语气形式,即动词要用过去式。
It’stimethatsomethingwasdoneaboutthetrafficproblemdowntown.
Itishightimethatweputanendtothisdiscussion.现在是我们该结束讲座的时候了。
(5)as,或者whether…or…谓语多用be的原形,引导让步虚拟从句,这种用法通常采用倒装结构:
Churchasweusethewordreferstoallreligiousinstitutions,betheyChristian,Islamivc,Buddhist,Jewish,andsoon.
Thebusinessofeachday,beitsellinggoodsorshippingthem,wentquitesmoothly.
(6)由连接词incase,sothat,unless,lest,forfearthat引起的状语从句中,谓语动词要用虚拟形式,即should(might,would)+动词原形,例如:
Sheputablanketoverthebabyforfearthatheshouldcatchcold.她在那个婴儿身上盖上了毯子以免他着凉。
Thebadmanwasputinthesoft-paddedcelllestheinjurehimself.
(7)ifitwerenotfor…与现在事实相反,ifithadnotbeenfor与过去事实相反,两个都相当于butfor:
Ifithadnotbeenforhishelp(=butforhishelp),wewouldnothavesucceeded.
(8)虚拟语气用于asif(though)引起的方式状语从句和表语从句中,其动词形式与wish宾语从句的形式相同。
Sheoftenlaughsspontaneously,andhergoodhumorbreaksoutasbrightlyasifitwereapartofthesunshineabove.她常常发出发自内心的微笑,而且她那美好的情绪像天上一道明亮的阳光一样,常常流露出来。
Theytalkedasiftheyhadbeenfriendsforyears.他们交谈着,就好像他们是我年的老朋友一样。
Shelooksasifshewouldcry.她看起来好像要哭了。
(9)其它各种句型,asthough,suppose,hadrather,supposing,ifonly等等
IfIwereinamovie,thenitwouldbeabouttimethatIburiedmyheadinmyhandsforacry.
二、特殊形式的虚拟语气
虚拟语气的特殊形式,即用来表示要求、建议、命令、提议、意愿等的主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句中的虚拟形式,其虚拟语气的构成往往是由should(可省略)+动词原形that从句。
A、用于表示意愿、建议、命令、提议、请求等动词后的that宾语从句中,这类动词有:
ask要求advise建议arrange安排beg请求
command命令decide决定demand要求desire渴望
determine决定insist坚持intend打算maintain坚持主张
move建议,动员propose提议object反对order命令
prefer建议require需要request要求resolve下决心
recommend推荐suggest建议stipulate约定,规定urge强调,促进
vote公认,提议decree颁布(法令)pray请求
注意:
这类动词后面除了可接that虚拟句以外,也可以接doing或者todo…来表达,一般情况下,意思没有什么差别。
Sheadvisedthatweshouldkeepthegatelocked.(书面体)
Sheadvisedustokeepthegatelocked.(口语)
Sheadvisedkeepingthegatelocked.(较随便)
B、用于Itis+形容词或过去分词+主语从句中,这类形容词或分词有:
advisable合理的decided决定的crucial关键的appropriate恰当的
determined决定的commanded命令的arranged安排的essential紧要的,基本的
complied遵照anxious焦急的imperative迫切的important重要的
desirable合意的better较好的,更好insistent坚持的desired想要
asked请求keen渴望的incredible难以置信的adamant坚定不移的
natural自然的insisted坚持necessary必要的suggested建议
urgent紧迫的ordered命令shocked震惊的vital极其重要的
possible可能的strange奇怪的preferable(好一点)proposed提议
requested要求的required要求的recommended推荐resolved决定的
probable(可能的)pity可惜,憾事shame遗憾
这类形容词后面除了可接that虚拟句以外,也可以for…todo…
来表达,一般情况下,意思没有什么差别。
Itisessentialthatheshouldbepreparedforthis.
Itisessentialforhimtobepreparedforthis.
C.用于由表示建议、要求、命令、请示等含义的名词引导的表语从句和同位语从句中,这类名词常见的有:
advice忠告decision决定demand要求desire要求、愿望
insistence坚持motion提议necessity必要性order命令
preference偏爱proposal提议pray恳求recommendation推荐
request要求requirement要求resolution决心suggestion劝告、忠告
Thisistheirresolutionthatextra-curriculumactivitiesbemadepartoftheirschoollife.这是他们的决议:
要使得课外活动成为他们学校生活的一部分。
Themotionthattheremarkofthelastspeakerbeexpungedfromtherecord.该提议要求把最后一个发言的人的讲话从记录上除掉。
三、混合虚拟语气
有时主句和从句的谓语动词指不同的时间,这时需要用混合虚拟语气。
一般来说,在这种情况下,主从句谓语动词指代的时间不同,所以我们又可以错综时间条件句,在这种虚拟情况,动词形式应根据实际情况灵活使用,在做这些题目时候尤其要注意每道题目的提示语:
时间状语。
绝大多数情况下,从句或者主句都有相关的时间状语,这是我解题的关键。
Ifyouthatlatemovielastnight,youwouldn’tbesosleepy.
A.haven’twatchedB.didn’twatch
C.hadn’twatchedD.wouldn’thavewatched答案选C。
Manydeadwouldnowbealiveiftheyhavenotattemptedtoreturnforsomething.
HadPaulreceivedsixmorevotesinthelastelection,hewouldbeourchairmannow.
混合虚拟语气还有一种情况就是事实和虚拟假设的混合句,这样的句子不仅仅是时间的不同,而重要是事实和假设的混合。
Iwouldhavegonetovisithiminthehospitalhaditbeenatallpossible,butIwasfullyoccupiedthewholeoflastweek.
该句前半部分是假设虚拟,而后半部分是事实的陈述。
Yourmathinstructorwouldhavebeenhappytogiveyouamake-upexaminationhadyougoneandexplainedthatyourparentswereillatthetime.
该句前半句用的是假设虚拟,后半句主句也用的是假设虚拟(如果你去并且解释的话),但是后半句的从句用的是事实语气,因为“父母病了”是客观事实,故不需要用虚拟形式hadbeen。
四、含蓄虚拟条件句
含蓄条件句是指句中没有明显的虚拟条件句,而是利用其他手段来暗示存在虚拟条件。
但是这类隐含式虚拟条件句往往都可以转化为if引导的条件句。
常来表示含蓄虚拟条件的手段有:
(1)介词或介词短语,如butfor,butthat,without,incaseof,undermorefavorablecondition等。
theleadershipoftheparty,wecouldnotbelivingahappytoday.=Iftherehadn’tbeentheleadershipoftheparty,wecouldnotbelivingahappytoday.
A.InspiteofB.ButforC.BecauseofD.Asfor答案选B。
Butthatshewasafraid,shewouldhavesaidno.
(2)连词,如:
sothat,unless,incase,supposing,lest,provided(倘若……),forfearthat(唯恐),inorderthat,onconditionthat,ifonly(要是……就好了)等。
Shelistenedcarefullyinorderthatshemightdiscoverexactlywhathewanted.=ifshelistenedcarefully,shemightdiscoverexactlywhathewanted.
IfonlyIhadmoremoney,Icouldbuyacar.
(注:
lest,forfearthat和incase引起的从句中谓语动词多用should+动词原形,但可以不用虚拟语气,而用动词的陈述语气形式。
)例如:
Theforeignteacherspokeslowlyincasewemisunderstoodhim.这位外籍教师说得很慢以免我们听不懂。
Caremustbetakeninusingthismethodlestoverflowshouldoccur.在使用此法时要小心谨慎,以免会发生溢流现象。
(3)通过上下文及内在含义,句中往往有but,otherwise,unfortunately等类似转折词。
Ithoughtthechildrenwhenwereturnedhome,buttheywerestillawake.
A.weresleepingB.wouldbesleepingC.hadbeensleepingnbsp;
D.wouldsleep选择B。
(4)形容词及其比较级
Amorecarefulpersonwouldnothavemadesomanymistakes.
Alessconscientiousmanwouldn’thavetriedsohardtogetthisjobdone.
(5)分词短语
Havingknownintime,wemighthavepreventedtheaccident.
Borntendaysearlier,theboycouldhaveseenhislatefather.
(6)动词不定式短语。
一般intended/meant/hoped/wished/planned或was/were+不定式完成式或hadintended/meant/planned/hoped/wished/+不定式一般式表示虚拟。
IintendedIshouldcallonyou,butIwasbusyatthattime.
TohearhimspeakFrench,youwouldtakehimforanEnglishman.
Shewouldbestupidnottoaccepthisinvitation.
Itwouldbeeasiertodoitthisway.
(7)名词短语和名词+and结构
Ajudiciousmanwouldnothavecommittedsuicide.
Adiligentstudentwouldhaveworkedharder.
(8)独立主格结构
Allthingsconsidered,thepricewouldbereasonable.
(9)定语从句
Anyonewhohadbeeninyourpositionwouldhavedonethesame.
Anation,whichstoppedworking,wouldbedeadinafortnight.
(10)情态动词完成式暗示虚拟语气:
Ishouldhavecalledtomakeanairlinereservation,butIdidn’t.
Theporteroughttohavecalledthefire-brigadeassoonashesawthefireinthestock,whichwentupinsmoke.
(11)动词原形表示虚拟
动词原形直接用在句子中也被看作是一种虚拟,最常见于正式文体中,动词原形一般用在条件从句中,有时倒装置于句首,同时这种用法也常见于独立句中表达愿望。
Godblessyou!
Allmagnetsbehavethesame,betheylargeorsmall.
She’llbesixteenyearsodd,comMay.(comeMay=whenMaycome).
Ifthatbeso,weshalltakeactionatonce.
强化训练:
虚拟语气
1.Wereitnotforthesnowyweather,weallright.
A.wouldbeB.wouldhavebeenC.wereD.maybe
2.morecareful,hisshipwouldnothavesunk.
A.IfthecaptainwereB.Hadthecaptainbeen
C.ShouldthecaptainbeD.Ifthecaptainwouldhavebeen
3.Ifhemetomorrow,Iwouldlethimknow.
A.shouldcallB.shouldnothavebeenable
C.werenotableD.arenotable
4.Ifyouaskedyourfatheryoupermission.
A.maygetB.mightgetC.shouldhavecalledD.maybeget
5.today,hewouldgettherebyFriday.
A.WouldheleaveB.WasheleavingC.WerehetoleaveD.Ifheleaves
6.______Iyou,Iwouldgowithhimtotheparty.
A.WasB.HadbeenC.WillbeD.Were
7.Themillionsofcalculationsinvolved,hadtheybeendonebyhand,______allpracticalvaluebythetimetheywerefinished.
A.couldloseB.wouldhavelostC.mightloseD.oughttohavelost
8.HadPaulreceivedsixmorevotesinthelastelection,heourchairmannow.
A.musthavebeenB.wouldhavebeenC.wereD.wouldbe
9.IfyouJerryBrownuntilrecently,you’dthinkthephotographontherightwasstrange.
A.shouldn’tcontactB.didn’tcontactC.weren’ttocontactD.hadn’tcontacted
10.heEnglishexaminationIwouldhavegonetotheconcertlastSunday
A.InspiteofB.ButforC.BecauseofD.Asfor
11.LookattheterriblesituationIamin!
IfonlyIyouradvice
A.followB.wouldfollowC.hadfollowedD.havefollowed
12.HadPaulreceivedsixmorevotesinthelastelection,heourchairmannow.
A.musthavebeenB.wouldhavebeenC.wereD.hadn’tcontacted
13.Ifthehorsewontoday,itthirtyracesinfiveyears.
A.wouldhavewonB.wonC.musthavewonD.didhavewon
14.Thereisarealpossibilitythattheseanimalscouldbefright
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