The SelfRedemption of EnergyWord下载.docx
- 文档编号:20076901
- 上传时间:2023-01-16
- 格式:DOCX
- 页数:9
- 大小:24.32KB
The SelfRedemption of EnergyWord下载.docx
《The SelfRedemption of EnergyWord下载.docx》由会员分享,可在线阅读,更多相关《The SelfRedemption of EnergyWord下载.docx(9页珍藏版)》请在冰豆网上搜索。
Existingworldenergymix
Energyalwaystopstheagendawhichconcernsglobaleconomyandpeople’severydaylife.Nowadays,energyconsumptiongainsaforcefulmomentumandtheconflictbetweenenergysupplyanddemandgetsworse.Fossilenergystilldominatestheentireworldenergyconsumption.Amajorpartofenergiesarestillatthehandofwesterncountries.Othergenresofenergies,especiallynewenergiesdevelopfast,butitstilltakestimeforthemtoachievesubstantialprogress.Theinternationaloilpriceishardtoreturntothehomepositionandpricefluctuationscausesgravechallengestobothenergyproducersandconsumers.
Energysupply-demandrelationisoveralltight
Uponenteringintothe21stcentury,mostofthetimesupplyofenergysourcesdwindles.Duringtheperiod,althoughworldwideoilsupplyanddemandarebasicallybalancedwithsupplyalittlemorethandemand,thebalanceisquitefragile.Duetofactorssuchasnaturaldisasters,climatechange,localwar,societalturmoil,terroristactivitiesinsomecountryorregion,duringsomeseasonoratimeperiod,sometypesofoilareoutofstock,renderingsomecountriesorregionsintoplightslikeoilandelectricityshortage.
Itislearnedthatoverallspeaking,theproductioncapacityofenergygrowsslowly,buttheconsumptiondemandforenergyisonthefasttrack.Accordingtothecoverageoverthepasttwodecades,newlyfoundoilfieldsintheworldareonthedecrease,especiallyextralargeoilfields.Amongtheexistingfoursuperoilfields,WalOilFieldinMexicoistheonlyonewhichproduceshighyield.Inthefuture,productionofkeyoilfieldsinWesternSiberiainRussiawilldecrease.Inthepeakdays,Russiaproduced10.5millionbarrelsoil,whichwillbedecreasedto9.7millionbarrelstill2035.Althoughsomeothercountriesalsopossessrichresources,theexploitationstherearerestrictedduetomanyconcerns.Forexample,richoildepositinNorthofAlaska,theU.S.isprohibitedfromexploitationforalongtimetoprotectecologicalenvironmentortoreserveoilforthelocalarea. Withthesustaineddevelopmentofglobaleconomy,especiallythefastgrowthofemergingeconomies,demandandconsumptionofoilsoarcontinuously,evenexceedingtheincreaseofoilproduction.Althoughtheoutbreakofeconomiccrisishascausedthefirstslumpofoildemandsince1983,oilconsumptionroseagainsince2010.Hence,sufficientsupplyofoilisonlytemporary,whilesupplyshortageisthenormality.
Shiftofglobalenergyfocus
November12,2013,InternationalEnergyAgency(IEA)releasedWorldEnergyOutlook2013,whichhighlightedtheprojectionsofglobalenergylandscapeandtrendespeciallyafter2035.
Itisshowedinthereportthatthewell-establishedlandscapeintheenergyfieldisaltering,thecenterofglobalenergydemandismovingtowardstheemergingeconomies.Theonceenergyexportersgrowfastindemand,andimportersturntobeexporters.CountriesexemplifiedbyChina,IndiaandtheMiddleEastwillconsumeonethirdofthegrowthofglobalenergy.
ItispointedoutintheOutlookthatin2035,althoughfossilfuelremainstobethemainenergyformintheglobalenergymixtodominatetherelationamongenergy,environmentandclimatechange,stimulatedbyhighoilprice,energyefficiencywillfurtherimproveanddevelopmentofoilsubstituteswillexpedite.Afterall,becauseoftheglobalenergymixfocusingonfossilfuelenergy,thetwoentrenchedproblemsstillbesetpeopletillnow--nearexhaustionandpollutionoffossilfuels.
Inthefuture,wewillhavemorelow-carbonenergies,includingrenewableenergy,nuclearenergyandsoon,whichwillriseat40%.Bythenthesenon-conventionaloilandgasresources,renewableenergywillfurtheraltertheglobalenergylandscapeandenergysourcesonthecurrentbasis.
Challengesofconventionalenergymix
Oureraiscalled"
theEraofEnergy"
.Peoplenevervalueenergysomuchastoday,andtheprospectsofglobalenergytrendwonworldspotlight.
Today,theglobalenergymixfocusingoncoalandoilbringsaboutaseriesofglobalenergyenvironmentalissues,whicharemainlyrepresentedbyacidrain,ozonedepletion,greenhousegasemission,etc..Inmanydevelopingcountries,tofastdevelopeconomy,manythermalpowerplantswerebuilt,causingseriousairpollutionandposinghugethreattothewellbeingoflocalpeople.
However,windpowerasagenreofsubstituteenergyisstillbeingquestionedduetotheconcernsofnoiseandecologicalsecurity.Drivenbythefactorsofexhaustionofenergy,energysupplysecurityandenvironmentalprotection,since1970smajordevelopedcountriesandsomedevelopingcountrieshadgivenrenewedvalueonthedevelopmentandutilizationofnewenergies.Especiallysince1990s,withtheexpansionofglobalpopulation,fastdevelopmentofeconomy,demandforelectricityofallcountrieshasmultiplied.Thegenerationofelectricityisakindofenergytransfer,andmainlyprovidedbythermalpowergeneration.Withtheaugmenteddemandforpower,fossilfuelenergyisdepletedincreasinglytotheextentofexhaustion,exacerbatingpollutionanddamagetothenaturalenvironment. China’senergymixwithcolaandoilasthecorealsocausesseriousairpollution,itsemissionofsulfurdioxideandCo2toppingtheworldlist.
Aroundtheglobeabout1.3billionpeoplelackrelevantenergies.Theworldleadersarefacingmultiplechallenges.Ontheonehand,theywanteconomicgrowth,minimaluseofrecourses;
ontheotherhand,theyalsowanttoprotecttheenvironment.It’svitaltobalanceeconomydevelopment,reductionofenergyconsumptionandenvironmentprotection.
Powerisessentialtothedevelopmentofglobaleconomy,accountingforhalfoftheoverallglobalenergyconsumption.Fordifferentregions,theissueofpowertakesdifferentforms.Till2035,themainissuefacingOrganizationforEconomicCooperationandDevelopment(OECD)isthedecommissionofnumerouspowerplants.Chinafacessimilarproblems,andabout3/4ofitspowerplantshavenotbeenfoundedfor20years.
Nevertheless,since1990s,thepopulationbulgeandfasteconomygrowthhaveredoubledpeople’sdemandforpower.Thegenerationofelectricityisakindofenergytransfer,andmainlyprovidedbythermalpowergeneration.Withtheaugmenteddemandforpower,fossilfuelenergyisdepletedincreasinglytotheextentofexhaustion,pollutionanddamagetothenaturalenvironmentisalsoworsened.Theworldrequireseffectivemeasurestocatertoitsnewdemands,suchastherenewableenergies(orrenewables).
Newsituationcallsfornewenergy
Renewableenergyreferstotheresourcewhichcanberegeneratedandusedsustainablyinthenature,andhasnoneorminimalhazardtotheenvironmentbutwithwidedistributionandcanbedevelopedlocallyandconveniently.Itcomposesnon-fossilenergieslikewindpower,solarpower,waterpower,biomasspower,thermalpower,andoceanpower.Todifferentiateitfromconventionalrenewableenergy,themodernenergyarecallednewandrenewableenergyorsustainableenergy,whichemphasizesthatitshouldbedevelopedbymodernscienceandtechnologyorbebuiltonthebasisofhigh-techsoastobeefficient,safeandpractical.
Renewablesthatfollowthetide
Historically,everymajorbreakthroughinenergyutilizationwasaccompaniedwiththeadvancementoftechnology,whichencouragedgreatdevelopmentofproductivityoreventriggeredtherevolutioninsocialproductionmode.Developmentandutilizationofeachofthenewenergiesisboundtocausechangesintheglobalenergymixandenhancetherapiddevelopmentofeconomy. Nowadays,energyconsumptionincreasedssharply,thedevelopmentandsupplyofconventionalenergiesarehardtomeetthesociety’sdemand,andtheshadowofenergycrisisenshroudsthewholeworld.Fossilenergyasthecoreofenergymixisnon-renewableenergy,andislessenedproportionallywithitsamountofutilization.Accordingtothestatistics,thefinalrecoveryoffossilfuel(coal,oil,naturalgas)whichaccountsfor80%oftheenergyconsumptionoftheworldequalstothatof3,373billiontonsrawcoals,anditcanonlysufficetouseforanotheroneortwohundredyearsattheannual5%growthrateofworldenergyconsumption.
Besides,accordingtothecalculationofWorldEnergyStatisticalYearbook2004BP,thegrossoilreserveis1.15trillionbarrelsanditcanonlyproduceoilforanother41yearsatthecurrentdevelopmentspeed.SaudiArabiatheworldoilleaderwhoseoilreservereaches250billionbarrels,withadailyyielduptoover8millionbarrels,respectivelyaccountfornear1/4and1/10ofthegrossreserveandgrossdemandofworldoil.With"
WeProvideOiltotheWorldEveryDay"
asitsmission,thiscountryservedasastabilizerfortheworldoil.ButasenioremployeeinSaudiArabiaOilCompanysaidprivately,"
Idon’tknowhowlongthissituationcanlast"
.Becausetheoldoilfieldsi
- 配套讲稿:
如PPT文件的首页显示word图标,表示该PPT已包含配套word讲稿。双击word图标可打开word文档。
- 特殊限制:
部分文档作品中含有的国旗、国徽等图片,仅作为作品整体效果示例展示,禁止商用。设计者仅对作品中独创性部分享有著作权。
- 关 键 词:
- The SelfRedemption of Energy
![提示](https://static.bdocx.com/images/bang_tan.gif)