听力教程4unit1听力原文主编施心远Word文档下载推荐.docx

听力教程4unit1听力原文主编施心远Word文档下载推荐.docx

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3.Therearedifferentfederalloansandprivateloansforstudents.

有各种各样的联邦贷款和私人贷款可供学生挑选。

4.InterestratesonsomeoftheseloanswillgouponJuly1st.

在这些贷款品种中，有些品种的利率将从7月1日起上调。

5.Therearegrowingconcernsthatmanystudentsgraduatewithtoomuchdebt.

人们越来越担心，很多学生将背着沉重的债务从大学毕业。

SectiontwoListeningComprehension

Part1Dialogue-SocialGrouping

Interviewer:

Right.You'

retalkingaboutsocialgroupingshere.Couldyoutellussomethingaboutthewaysanimalsformintogroups

NikeDown:

Yes.Er,many,manyanimalsareverysolitary*animals.Theonlytimestheygettogetheriswhentheymate,orwhenthey'

rebringinguptheiryoung.Themajorityofanimalsaresolitary,butaverysignificantgroupofmammalsandinsects,likeantsandtermites*,beesandwasps,areverysocialandtheygrouptogetherbecauseinagroupit'

smuchsafer.Youcandefendyourselfmoreeasilyifyou'

reinagroup,youcanfindmalesmoreeasilyifyou'

reinagroup,andyoucanchangetheworldaroundyoubyworkingwiththeothersifyouliveinagroup.Solitaryanimalshaveamuchmoredifficulttimeinmanyways.

Youmentionedlionsandothercarnivores*earlieron.Dotheygroupverymuch

Yes.Mostcatsinfactdon'

tgroup.Er,lionsand,toalesserextent,cheetahs*aretheonlycatsthatgrouptogether.Agroupoflionsiscalledapride*,andyoumightgetanythingupto15or20lionsinapride.Aprideoflionswouldhaveperhapstwoorthreemales,perhapsadozenfemales,andthenthecubs.Buttherealliongroupconsistsoffemaleswiththeircubs.Themalestendtostayforafewyearsandthentheygetkickedoutbyagroupofyoungermalesthatcomeinandtakeover.

Andhowabouttheapes

Ah,well,nowyou'

retalkingaboutthegroupofanimalsthatwebelongto.Apes—someapes—liveinvery,verybigandcomplicatedsocialgroups.Notall.Orangutans*,forexample,bigapesthatliveinIndonesiaandMalaysia—they'

reverysolitaryandoneadultmaymeetanotheradultonlyonceeverytwoorthreeyears,whenamaleandafemalemate,andthen,theonlyrelationshipwillbebetweenamotherandherbaby.Thebabywillstaywiththemotherfortwoorthreeyears,fouryears,fiveyearseven,learningfromthemother,learningwhatsortsoffoodstoeat,whatthesignsofdangerare,andthenwhenthebabygrowsup,offit'

llgo,andliveitsownsolitarylife.Thereasonwhyorangutansaresolitaryisbecausethere'

snotverymuchfoodinaforestandiftherewasabiggroupoforangutans,allthefoodwouldjustrunout.But,leavingAsiaandgoingtoAfrica,thenyoufindverysocialapes.Now,gorillas,forexample.Gorillasliveinunimale*groups.Theyusedtobecalledharems*,butthetechnicaltermisunimalebecausethere'

sonemalewithinthegroup;

onemale,andthenaroundhimwillbeanythinguptosix,seven,eight,ninefemales,plusallthebabies.Andthatonemaleinthegroupisthesilverbackgorilla,andhe'

smuchbiggerandstrongerthantheothers.He'

sgotsilveryfuronhisbackandtheotherswon'

tchallengehimandhe'

llleadthegroupslowlythroughtheforest,settlingdowneverynightandmovingonthenextday,findingfood.Sothat'

saunimalegroup.ButifyoumovealittlebitfurtherwestintoWestAfrica,you'

llstarttocomeacrosschimpanzees.Nowthey'

reabitsmallerthangorillas.Theyspendalotoftimeinthetrees,whereasgorillasaredownontheground.Andchimpanzeesaremuchmorecloselyrelatedtousthantheyaretogorillas.They'

reourclosestlivingrelatives.Nowchimps*liveinmultimalegroups;

inotherwords,you'

llget,oh,anythinguptosix,seven,eightmales,thenyou'

llgettwoorthreetimesthatnumberoffemales—adozen,twodozenfemales—plusalltheyoungsters,sowe'

retalkingaboutgroupsthatcanbeasbigas40or50oreven60.Nowachimpanzeegroup—multimalegroup—isaveryflexibletypeofgroup.Itconstantlysplitsintosmallergroups.Offtheygoforafewdays,backtheycome,reform,breakupagain.Andwithinthatgroupthemalestendtohangaroundtheoutside,protectingthegroup,fightingoffrivalmalesthatmightwanttocomeinandmatewiththefemales,buttheytendtocomeandgotosomeextent.Theongoingcoreofthechimpanzeegroupconsistsoffemaleswiththeiryoungandsometimessisterswillactuallyworktogethertobringuptheiryoungcollectively.Yes,soapesarevery,verysocialanimalsindeed.

Exercise

Directions:

Listentothedialogueandchoosethebestanswertocompleteeachofthefollowingsentences.

2.C3.D4.C5.B6.C7.B8.A

Part2PassageCommunityColleges

GreatchallengesfacedtheUnitedStatesintheearly20thcentury,includingglobaleconomiccompetition.Nationalandlocalleadersrealizedthatamoreskilledworkforcewaskeytothecountry'

scontinuedeconomicstrength,aneedthatcalledforadramaticincreaseincollegeattendance.Yetthree-quartersofhighschoolgraduateswerechoosingnottofurthertheireducation,inpartbecausetheywerereluctanttoleavehomeforadistantcollege.

Duringthesameperiod,thecountry'

srapidlygrowingpublichighschoolswereseekingnewwaystoservetheircommunities.Itwascommonforthemtoaddateacherinstitute,manuallearning（vocationaleducation）divisionorcitizenshipschooltothediplomaprogram.Thehighschool-basedcommunitycollege*wasthemostsuccessfultypeofaddition.Meanwhile,small,privatecollegeshadfashionedaneffectivemodelofhighereducationgroundedontheprinciplesofsmallclasses,closestudent-facultyrelationsandaprogramthatincludedbothacademicsandextracurricularactivities.

Fromthecombinationofthesetraditionsemergedtheearliestcommunitycolleges,roughlybalancedinnumberbetweenprivateandpubliccontrolbutunitedintheircommitmenttomeetlocalneeds.Thetypicalearlycommunitycollegewassmall,rarelyenrollingmorethan150students.Itneverthelessofferedaprogramofsolidacademicsaswellasavarietyofstudentactivities.

Adistinctivefeatureoftheinstitutionswastheiraccessibilitytowomen,attributabletotheleadingrolethecollegesplayedinpreparinggrammarschoolteachers.InsuchstatesasMissouri,whichdidnotyetrequireK-8*teacherstohaveabachelor'

sdegree,itwascommonformorethan60percentofcommunitycollegestudentstobewomen,virtuallyallofthempreparingtobeteachers.

Communitycollegesarecentersofeducationalopportunity.Morethan100yearsago,thisunique,Americaninventionputpubliclyfundedhighereducationatclose-to-homefacilitiesandinitiated*apracticeofwelcomingallwhodesiretolearn,regardlessofwealth,heritageorpreviousacademicexperience.Today,thecommunitycollegecontinuestheprocessofmakinghighereducationavailabletoamaximumnumberofpeopleat1,166publicandindependentcommunitycolleges.

Thebreadthofprogrammingandthevarietyofstudents'

goalsmakeitdifficulttoaccuratelyquantify*communitycollegeperformance.Unlikefour-yearcolleges,whereattainmentofabachelor'

sdegreeistheimplicit*goalofstudents,communitycollegestudentsdonotshareacommongoalbeyondself-improvement.

Researchshowsthateducationpays.Studentswhocompleteassociatedegrees*andcertificatesaremorelikelytomoveintohigher-statusmanagementandprofessionalpositionswithhigherearnings.Aninvestmentofafewthousanddollarsnowwilllikelypaylifelongdividends*,asstudentswhoearnassociatedegreesaveragelifetimeearningsof$250,000morethanpeoplewithoutdegrees.

Butsuccessatcommunitycollegesmustbebroadlydefinedtoincludenotjustthosewhoattainassociatedegreesandthosewhoearncertificates,butalsothemillionswhotakenoncreditandworkforcetrainingclasses.

ExerciseAPre-listeningQuestion

IntheUnitedStatestheterms"

college"

and"

university"

candescribeavarietyofinstitutions.Acollegemayformonemajordivisionofauniversity,offeringprogramsinaspecificacademicfieldthatleadtoundergraduateorgraduatedegrees,orboth.Collegesmayalsobeindependentofauniversity,offeringfour-yearprogramsofgeneraleducationthatleadtoabachelor'

sdegreeintheliberalartsandsciences.Universitiesgenerallycomprisevariouscollegesandprofessionalschoolsthatmakeuptheacademicdivisionsoftheinstitution.Universitiesprovidehighereducationleadingtoabachelor’sdegreeaswellasprofessionalandgraduateprogramsleadingtomaster'

sanddoctoraldegrees.

Communitycollegesoffertwo-yearprogramsofgeneraleducationorvocationaleducation.

ExerciseBSentenceDictation

Listentosomesentencesandwritethemdown.Youwillheareachsentencethreetimes.

1.GreatchallengesfacedtheUnitesStatesintheearly20thcentury,includingglobaleconomiccompetition.

2.Duringthesameperiod,thecountry'

srapidlygrowingpublichighschoolswereseekingnewwaystoservetheircommunities.

3.Itofferedaprogramofsolidacademicsaswellasavarietyofstudentactivities.

4.Adistinctivefeatureoftheinstitutionswastheiraccessibilitytowomen,attributabletotheleadingrolethecollegesplayedinpreparinggrammarschoolteachers.

5.Thebreadthofprogrammingandthevarietyofstudents'

goalsmakeitdifficulttoaccuratelyquantifycommunitycollegeperformance.

ExerciseCDetailedListening

Listentothepassageanddecidewhetherthefollowingstat