初中英语语法大全句型转换文档格式.docx
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初中英语语法大全句型转换文档格式.docx
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Allofmyclassmateslikeart.
Noneofmyclassmateslikesart.
2、改为疑问句。
根据上下句的结构和词的减少,来判断变为哪一种形式的疑问句。
例如:
Mybrotheroftenhasbreakfastatschool.
Doesyourbrotheroftenhavebreakfastatschool?
Tom'
salreadyweakinEnglish.
salreadyweakinEnglish,isn'
the?
Theredlightchangeseverytwominutes.
Howoftendoestheredlightchange?
3、改为感叹句。
根据所给的句子结构和单词的词性,来确定使用哪一种感叹句的形式,例如:
Thisisaninterestingbook.
Whataninterestingbookthisis!
或Howinterestingthisbookis!
二、同义句转换。
根据上句,写出一个意思相同(或相近)的下句,此类形式繁多,内容复杂,涉及面广,归类如下:
1、同义词或词组之间的转换。
(通常上下句时态保持一致)。
常见的同义词或词组有:
(1)四个“花费”(spend-take-cost-take);
(2)三个“到达”(getto-reach-arrivein/at);
(3)四个“收到…来信”(hearfrom-getaletterfrom-receivealetterfrom-havealetterfrom);
(4)两个“擅长于…”(begoodat-dowellin);
(5)两个“有空”(befree-havetime);
(6)三个“入睡”(gotosleep-gettosleep-fallasleep);
(7)两个“玩得开心”(enjoyoneself-haveagoodtime);
(8)“给…打电话”(callsb-telephonesb-ringsb.acall-makeatelephonetosb.)
(9)“飞往…”(flyto…-goto…byair/plane)
(10)“自学”(teachoneself-learn…byoneself)
(11)在…方面帮助help…with…-help…(to)do…
(12)在…差beweakin…-dobadlyin…
(13)能/会…can-beableto
(14)更喜欢…like…betterthan…-prefer…to…
(15)充满了…befullof…-befilledwith…
(16)放弃干…giveupdoing…-stopdoing…
(17)不再…nolonger-not…anylonger
(18)照顾/保管takecareof…-lookafter
(19)展览onshow-ondisplay
(20)阻止…干…stop…fromdoing-keep/prevent…fromdoing…
(21)由于thanksto-becauseof…
(22)举手handsup-putupone'
shands
(23)最后,终于atlast-intheend
(24)与…不同bedifferentfrom…-benotthesameas…
(25)从…借入…borrow…from…-lend…to…
(26)乘公汽/火车/的士goto…bybus/train/taxi-takeabus/train/taxito…
(27)乘自行车去…goto…bybike-rideabiketo…
(28)为…感到自豪beproudof…-betheprideof…
(29)步行去…walkto…-goto…onfoot
(30)独自地byoneself-alone等。
A:
Thechildrenhadagoodtimeinthepark.
B:
Thechildrenenjoyedthemselvesinthepark.
2、同义句型之间的转化。
常见的同义句型有
①Itseemsthat从句→Somebodyseems(tobe)+adj/n
②It'
skindofsb.todo…→Somebodyiskindtodo…
③Whatdoes…mean?
→Whatdoyoumeanby…?
或What'
sthemeaningof…?
④Thereissomethingwrongwith…→Somethingiswrongwith…
⑤not…until…与when/after/before引导的时间状语从句的转换
⑥What'
swrongwith…?
→What'
sthematterwith…?
⑦Howis…?
s…like…?
⑧Howdoyoulike…?
→Whatdoyouthinkof?
⑧It'
stimethat…→It'
stimeforsb.todo…
⑨It'
ssaidthat…→Peoplesaythat…
⑩CanIhelpyou?
→WhatcanIdoforyou?
IwenttobedafterIfinishedmyhomework.
Ididn'
tgotobeduntilIfinishedmyhomework.
3、if引导的条件状语从句的转化。
Ifitdoesn'
traintomorrow,they'
llgotothepark.
Unlessitrainstomorrow,they'
Ifyoudon'
thurry,you'
llbelate.
Hurryup,oryou'
Fishcan'
tliveifthereisnowater.
tlivewithoutwater.
4、现在完成时态中的一句多译。
在现在完成时态中,结束性动词不能与时间段连用,必须改成相应的延续性动词。
常见的动词转换有:
buy-have,borrow-keep,die-bedead,open-beopen,join-bein+组织/bea+成员,begin-beon,leave-beawayfrom,close-beclosed,arrivein/getto/come/goto-bein/at,finsh-beover,gotosleep-beasleep,getup-beup.
Theoldmandiedfivemonthsago.
Theoldmanhasbeendeadsincefivemonthsago.
Theoldmanhasbeendeadforfivemonths.
It'
sfivemonthssincetheoldmandied.
Fivemonthshaspassedsincetheoldmandied.
5、简单句与复合句之间的转换。
①含宾语从句的复合句与简单句的转换。
Isawtheywereplayingfootballontheplayground.
Isawthemplayingfootballontheplayground.
Theteacherfoundthatshewasveryclever.
Theteacherfoundherveryclever.
HefoundthatitwashardtolearnEnglishwell.
HefoundithardtolearnEnglishwell.
Wearesurethatwewillwintofirstmatch.
Wearesuretowintofirstmatch.
由疑问代词/副词引导的宾语从句可转化为“疑问句+不定式”结构。
CouldyoutellmehowIcangettotherailwaystation?
Couldyoutellmehowtogettotherailwaystation?
Wedon'
tknowwhatweshoulddonext.
tknowwhattodonext.
②由when/after/before/while/since/until引导的时间状语从句可转化为when/after/before/while/sine/until+doing…
Theywenthomeaftertheyfinishedtheirwork.
Thewenthomeafterfinishingtheirwork.
MrSmithhastaughtEnglishsincehecametoChina.
MrSmithhastaughtEnglishsincecomingtoChina.
Whensb.+be+数词+yearsold→attheageof+岁数
Whenhewastwelveyearsold,Edisonstartedwritinghisownnewspaper.
Attheageoftwelve,Edisonstartedwritinghisownnewspaper.
③由so…that…引导的结果状语从句可转化为too…todo或…enoughtodo……例如:
TheboxissoheavythatIcan'
tcarryit.
Theboxistooheavyformetocarry.
或:
Theboxisn'
tlightenoughformetocarry.
Thechildissooldthathecangotoschool.
Thechildisoldenoughtogotoschool.
④由sothat引导的目的状语从句可转化为inordertodo例如:
Myfathergotupearlythismorningsothathecouldcatchtheearlybus.
Myfathergotupearlythismorninginordertocatchtheearlybus.
⑤由because引导的原因状语从句可转化为becauseof…例如:
Wedidn'
tgototheparkbecauseitrained.
tgototheparkbecauseoftherain.
⑥定语从句可以转化为介词短语或分词短语。
ThemanwhoisonthebikeisJim.
ThemanonthebikeisJim.
Themanwhoisdrivingtheredcarismyboss.
Themandrivingtheredcarismyboss.
ThegirlwhoiscalledMaryismysister.
ThegirlcalledMaryismysister.
6、用并列连词neither…nor;
either…or…;
both…and…;
notonly…butalso…连句。
Ihaven'
tseenaTVplayforlong,andLilyhasn'
teither.
NeitherInorLilyhasseenaTVplayforlong.
Tomisgoodatmaths,andheisgoodatFrench,too.
TomisgoodatbothmathsandFrench.
neither…nor…,either…or…和notonly…butalso…连接两个主语时,谓语动词依靠近它的主语而定,即“就近原则”,但是both…and用来连接两个主语时,谓语复数。
7、主动语与被动语态的互变。
“主动”变“被动”实行“三变二不变”原则。
“三变”即是主语,谓语和宾语的变化,“二不变”即时态不变,句式不变。
Theymakewatchesinthetown.
Watchesaremadebytheminthetown.
Icanfinishtheworkbeforeeight.
Theworkcanbefinished(byme)beforeeight.
DotheygrowriceinSouthChina?
IsricegrowninSouthChina?
注:
使役性动词make或感观性动词see/watch/lookat/hear/listento/feel在主动语态中所带省to的不定式宾补变为被动语态时,必须加上to.
Isawhimtakeyourumbrella.
Hewasseentotakeyourumbrella.
8、形容词、副词二级之间的转化,例如
Chineseisthemostimportantsubjectofall.
Chineseismoreimportantthananyothersubject.
Thisexerciseiseasierthantheothertwo.
Thisexerciseistheeasiestofthethree.
Ⅵ.解题指导
要做好句型转换题,必须注意如下几点:
1、注重掌握教材中的基本句和同一句子英语的不同结构表达技巧。
2、弄清题意,明确题目考查点,了解题目所给句子与答句之间的关系。
3、注意从多角度,全方位考虑问题,突破难点,注意复查,看是否按要求完成了转换。
通过上述的归纳和指导,可以理清学生的“依章办事”的解题思路,养成“有条不紊”的解题习惯,培养多角度思维解题的能力,从而达到提高学习效率的目的。
特殊疑问句
1、一般情况:
特殊疑问词+一般疑问句构成。
2、特殊疑问词在句中充当成分。
3、不用yes,no回答,直接回答。
4、读降调。
5、常用疑问词:
who,what,whose,where,how,which,when,why,howmany,howmuch,howfar.Howlong,howoften,howsoon,howhigh,等。
对划线部分提问。
(把各句变为特殊疑问句)
1.对主语(人)提问:
Theboyisrunningnow.Whoisrunningnow?
2.对表语(人)提问:
HeisLily'
sfather.Whoishe?
3.对介宾(人)提问:
Sheislookingforthelittleboy.Whoisshelookingfor?
4.对动宾(人)提问:
IoftenhelpWeiHuawithEnglish.WhodoyouoftenhelpwithEnglish?
5.对间宾(人)提问:
KatelentTomaballyesterday.WhodidKatelendaballyesterday?
6.对主语(东西)提问:
Thebooksareonthedesk..Whatareonthedesk?
7.对表语(东西)提问:
Theseareboats.Whatarethese?
8.对动宾(东西)提问:
Iwantacupoftea.Whatdoyouwant?
9.对职业(提问)提问:
Themanisafarmer.Whatistheman?
Whatdoesthemando?
10.对介宾(东西)提问:
Heislookingforhispen.Whatishelookingfor?
11.对是什么提问:
saChinesecar.Whatisit?
12.对计算结果提问:
Sixandnineisfifteen.Whatissixandnine?
13.对年级提问:
I'
minGradeThree.Whatgradeareyouin?
14.对班级提问:
LiLeiisinClassFive.WhatclassisLiLeiin?
15.对年级和班级提问:
WeiHuaisinClassThreeGradeOne,WhatclassandgradeisWeihuain?
16.对排提问:
WeareinRowOne.Whatrowareyouin?
1.对年级、班级、排提问时,问句中的in不能去掉.
2.what后的grade,class,row用小写形式.
3.what根据实际译为汉语.
17.对学号提问:
LucyisNumberSix.WhatnumberisLucy?
WhatisLucy'
snumber?
18.对后置定语提问:
ThisisamapofChina.Whatmapisthis?
19.对颜色提问:
Theflowersarered.Whatcoloraretheflowers?
20.对几点几分提问:
ssix.Whattimeisit?
What'
sthetime?
21.对名字提问:
MynameisLiLei.What'
syourname?
22.对前置定语提问:
Theseapplesareyours.Whichapplesareyours?
ThebestoneisLily'
s.WhichoneisLily'
s?
23.对表语(名物代)提问:
Thiscupisyours.Whoseisthecup?
24.对后置定语提问:
Theboyinthehatismybrother.Whichboyisyourbrother?
25.对后置定语提问:
Iwanttobuytheshirtontheleft.Whichshirtdoyouwanttobuy?
26.对主语(名物代)提问:
Mineisred.Whoseisred?
27.对定语(形物代)提问:
Theyaremybooks.Whosebooksarethey?
28.对定语(名词所有格)提问:
ThisisLucyandLily'
sroom.Whoseroomisthis?
29.对表语(名词所有格)提问:
ThiscupisKate'
s.Whoseisthiscup?
30.对身体提问:
mfine(well,OK,Allright.)Howareyou?
31.对年龄提问:
Theboyisfifteen.Howoldareyou?
32.对天气提问:
scloudytoday.Howistheweathertoday?
=What'
stheweatherliketoday?
33.对语言提问:
IcanspellitinEnglish.Howcanyouspellit?
34.对方式提问:
Ioftengotoschoolonfoot.(bybus,bytrain,bybike•••)Howdoyouoftengotoschool?
35.对程度提问:
Shestudieshard.Howdoesshestudy?
36.对数量提问:
1,Therearefivebirdsinthetree.Howmanybirdsarethereinthetree?
2,Thereismuchwaterinthebottle.Howmuchwateristherein
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