英语四级完整版真题及答案3套Word格式文档下载.docx

英语四级完整版真题及答案3套Word格式文档下载.docx

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veeverseen.

Timesaresotoughthatevenbossesaretakingpaycuts.Median（中位数的）payforchiefexecutivesofS&

amp;

P500companiesfell6.8%in2008.TheoverthrownbusinessgiantsofWallStreettookthebiggestknock,withaveragepaycutsof38%andmedianbonusesofzero.Buttherewassomepainforeveryone;

medianpayforchiefexecutivesofnon-financialfirmsintheS&

P500fellby2.7%.

Nearlyeverybusinesshasasadtaletotell.Forexample,ArneSorenson,thepresidentofMarriotthotels,likensthecrisistothedownturnthathithisbusinessafterSeptember11th,2001.Whenthetwintowersfell,Americansstoppedtravelling.Marriotthaditsworstquarterever,withrevenuesperroomfallingby25%.Thisyear,withoutaterroristattack,thehotelindustryis"

puttingthesamenumbersontheboard"

saysMr.Sorenson.

Thehotelbust（不景气）,likemostbusts,wasprecededbyabreathtakingboom.Althoughmanyotherbigfirmsresistedthetemptationtoover-borrow,developersborrowedheavilyandbuiltbiggerandfancierhotelsasifthewholeworldwereplanningaholidayinLasVegas.Whenthebubbleburst,demandcollapsed.Hotelownersfoundthemselveswithahugenumberofemptyroomsevenasalotofunnecessarynewhotelswerereadytoopen.

Otherindustrieshavesufferedevenmore.Largenumbersofbuilders,propertyfirmsandretailershavegonebankrupt.AndadisasterhashitDetroit.LastyeartheAmericancarindustryhadthecapacitytomake17millionvehicles.Salesin2009couldbebarelyhalfofthat.TheBigThreeAmericancarmakers-GeneralMotors,FordandChrysler-accumulatedruinouscostsoverthepost-waryears,suchasgold-platedhealthplansandpensionsforworkerswhoretiredasyoungas48.Allthreearedesperatelyrestructuring.OnlyFordmaysurviveinitscurrentform.

Hardtimesbreedhardfeelings.FewAmericansunderstandwhatcausedtherecession.Someareseekingscapegoats（替罪羊）.Politiciansarehappytotakeadvantage.BosseshavebeensummonedtoWashingtontobescoldedonlivetelevision.Thepresidentcondemnstheirgreed.

Extravagance（奢侈）isout

Businessfolkarebendingoverbackwardstoavoidseemingextravagant.Meetingsatresortsaresuddenlyunacceptable.GoldmanSachs,aninvestmentbank,cancelledaconferenceinLasVegasatthelastminuteandrebookeditinSanFrancisco,whichcostmorebutsoundedlessfun.

Anyway,thepainwilleventuallyend.Americanbusinesswillregainitsshine.Manyfirmswilldie,butthesurvivorswillemergeleanerandstrongerthanbefore.Thefinancialsector'

sshareoftheeconomywillshrink,andstayshrunkforyearstocome.Theimportanceofnon-financialfirmswillaccordinglyrise,alongwiththeirabilitytoattractthebesttalent.Americawillremainthebestplaceonearthtodobusiness,solongasBarackObamaandtheDemocratsinCongressresistthetemptationtointerferetoomuch,andsolongasorganisedlabourdoesnotoverplayitshand.

Thecrisiswillprovehugelydisruptive（破坏性的）,however.Badmanagementtechniqueswillbeexposed.Necessitywillforcetheswiftadoptionofmoreefficientones.Atthesametime,technologicalinnovation（创新）willbarelypauseforbreath-andtwobigpoliticalchangesseemlikely.

Mr.Obama'

splantocurbcarbondioxide（CO2）emissions（排放）,thoughnecessary,willbefarfromcost-free,whateverhissunnyspeechesonthesubjectmightsuggest.Theshifttoalow-carboneconomywillhelpsomefirms,hurtothersandrequireeveryorganisationthatusesmuchenergytorethinkhowitoperates.ItishardertopredicthowMr.Obama'

sproposedreformstothefailinghealth-caresystemwillturnout.Ifhesucceedsincurbingcosts-abigif-itwouldbeahugegainforAmerica.Somebusinesseswillbenefitbutthevastbulkofthesavingswillbecapturedbyworkers,.

注意：

此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。

1.Fromthefirstparagraph,welearnthatAmerica'

srecessionistheresultof_____.

A）amessyrealestatemarket

B）acombinationofcauses

C）unregulatedcompetition

D）financiers'

mismanagement

2.Attheworsttime,thetotalvalueoflistedsharesinAmericanfirmsshrankby_____.

A）57%B）15%C）12.8%D）3.5%

3.AccordingtoArneSorenson,thepresidentofMarriotthotels,thecurrentrecession______.

A）wastheworsthehadeverseensinceWorldWarII

B）reducedhisrevenuestoaquarterofnormalyears

C）hithisbusinessashardasthe911terroristattack

D）spoiledhisplanstobuildmorehotelsinLasVegas

4.TheBigThreeAmericancarmakersneedrestructuringtosurvivebecause______.

A）theirproductioncapacityhasshrunktolessthanhalfofthepreviousyear

B）theirtechnologyhasfallenbehindtheircompetitors'

elsewhereintheworld

C）theyhaveborrowedtooheavilyandaccumulatedtoolargeamountsofdebt

D）theycannotcopewiththeruinouscostsaccumulatedoverthepost-waryears

5.GoldmanSachs,aninvestmentbank,cancelledaconferenceinLasVegasinorderto______.

A）raiseitsefficiency

B）cutunnecessarycosts

C）avoidseemingwasteful

D）havefuninSanFrancisco

6.Theauthorofthisreportseemstobe______.

A）againsttoomuchgovernmentinterferenceintheeconomy

B）optimisticaboutObama'

sefforttoreduceCO2emissions

C）interestedinpoliticalandeconomicreforms

D）concernedabouttheinterestsoftheworkforce

7.Accordingtotheauthor.Obama'

splantolimitcarbondioxideemissionswill______.

A）notbenefitAmerica'

sindustry

B）benefitthewholenation

C）dogoodtotheenvironment

D）bynomeansbeinexpensive

8.BecauseHarlowCurtice'

sfirmwasleadingAmericaincreating"

aneweconomicorder"

hewasnamedbyTimemagazineas___________in1955.

9.InMarch,GeneralMotors'

chiefexecutivewasfiredbyMr.Obamafor___________.

10.TheauthorisafraidthattheObamaadministrationwillendup___________America'

seconomy.

PartIIIListeningComprehension（35minutes）

SectionA

Directions:

Inthissection,youwillhear8shortconversationsand2longconversations.Attheendofeachconversation,oneormorequestionswillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Boththeconversationandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Aftereachquestiontherewillbeapause.Duringthepause,youmustreadthefourchoicesmarkedA）,B）,C）andD）,anddecidewhichisthebestanswer.ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.

此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。

11.A）Themanhatestolendhistoolstootherpeople.

B）Themanhasn'

tfinishedworkingonthebookshelf.

C）Thetoolshavealreadybeenreturnedtothewoman.

D）Thetoolsthemanborrowedfromthewomanaremissing.

12.A）Savetimebyusingacomputer.

B）Buyherowncomputer.

C）BorrowMartha'

scomputer.

D）Stayhomeandcompleteherpaper.

13.A）Themandoesn'

thavemoneyforhisdaughter'

sgraduatestudies.

B）Themandoesn'

tthinkhisdaughterwillgetabusinessdegree.

C）Themaninsiststhathisdaughtershouldpursueherstudiesinscience.

D）Themanadviseshisdaughtertothinkcarefullybeforemakingherdecision.

14.A）Thecinemaissomedistanceawayfromwheretheyare.

B）Hewouldliketoreadthefilmreviewinthenewspaper.

C）Theyshouldwaittoseethemovieatalatertime.

D）He'

llfindhiswaytothecinema.

15.A）He'

sbeentoSeattlemanytimes.

B）Hehaschairedalotofconferences.

C）Hehasahighpositioninhiscompany.

D）HelivedinSeattleformanyyears.

16.A）Teacherandstudent.

B）Doctorandpatient.

C）Managerandofficeworker.

D）Travelagentandcustomer.

17.A）Sheknowstheguywhowillgivethelecture.

B）Shethinksthelecturemightbeinformative.

C）Shewantstoaddsomethingtoherlecture.

D）She'

llfinishherreportthisweekend.

18.A）Thehousesforsaleareofpoorquality.

B）Thehousesaretooexpensiveforthecoupletobuy.

C）Thehousingdevelopersprovidefreetripsforpotentialbuyers.

D）Themanisunwillingtotakealookat.

Questions19to21arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.

19.A）HowtostudyEnglishwell.

B）Whichcoursestochoose.

C）Howtowritecomputergames.

D）Whichbookstoread.

20.A）Physicalsciences.

B）Mathsandphysics.

C）Artanddesign.

D）Electronicsandcomputer-programming.

21.A）HerEnglishisverygood.

B）SheisinterestedinEnglish.

C）HerEnglishwritingispoor.

D）HeroralEnglishisbad.

Questions22to25arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.

22.A）Applyingforaworkexperience.

B）Applyingforapart-timejob.

C）Takinganexam.

D）Visitinganold