现代大学英语精读4lesson3知识点Word格式.docx
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现代大学英语精读4lesson3知识点Word格式.docx
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e.g.Bytheway,haveyouseenmykeysanywhere?
2)Fat:
thickorwide
Usualcollocations:
afatvolume/book,afatcat,afatsalary/check,afatchance(unlikely,notunlikely)
Noticethesubtledifferencesbetweenfat,plump,chubby,stoutandobese
3)beimmersedin:
becomecompletelyinvolvedinsththatyouaredoing;
tobecompletelycoveredorsubmergedinaliquide
e.g.He’sreallybecomingimmersedinhiswork.
immerseoneselfinsth:
Heleftschoolat16andimmersedhimselfintheLabourparty.
immersion:
n.
4)aseaofpeopleorthingsisaverylargenumberofthemtogether.
e.g.Hiseyesranovertheseaofbottlesandglassesonthetable.
beallatsea:
beinastateofconfusionoruncertainty
e.g.Livinginaforeigncountrycanmeanyou’realwaysatseaaboutwhat’sgoingon.
atsea:
underoronthesea,farawayfromland
e.g.Hespentover30yearsatsea
2.Theprofessionalhistorianissimplyonewho…
Simply:
a.only;
nothingbut
e.g.Itissimplyamatteroftime.
Somestudentslosemarkssimplybecausetheydon’treadthequestionproperly.
It’snotsimplyaquestionofmoney
b.usedtoemphasizewhatyouaresaying
e.g.Thisworkissimplynotgoodenough.
Hesimplywon’tacceptthecommittee’sdecision.
c.ifyousayorexplainsomethingsimply,yousayitinawaythatiseasyforpeopletounderstand
e.g.Trytoexpressyourselfmoresimply.
Toputitsimply,thetaxcutsmeantheaveragepersonwillbeabout3%betteroff.
d.ifyoulivesimply,youliveinaplainandordinaryway,withoutspendingmuchmoney
e.g.Wehadtoliveverysimplyonmyfather’ssmallsalary.
[Paragraph2]
3.theircommon-sensereaction:
theirresponsebasedoncommonsense
astateofaffairs:
fmlasituation
unsatisfactory/sad/sorrystateetcofaffairs
e.g.Imustsaythisisaveryunsatisfactorystateofaffairs.
Thereisnotmuchwecandointhepresentstateofaffairs.
4.presumably:
whenyousaythatsthis~thecase,youmeanthatyouthinkitisverylikelytobethecase,althoughyouarenotcertain.
e.g.Hehadgonetothereceptiondesk,presumablytocheckout.
It’sraining,whichpresumablymeansthatyourfootballmatchwillbecancelled.
He’sdeadnow,presumably?
Inthecenterofthephotoisatall,well-dressedwoman-presumablythefirm’sboss.
Severalofthevillagersdisappeared,presumablykilledbyenemysoldiers.
Theaudiencehearsthewordsomanytimesduringtheplaythatpresumablytheylearnwhatitmeansiftheydidn’talreadyknow.
【辨析】Presume,assume,suppose
1)Presume:
tobefairlysureofsth,esp.becauseyouhaveagoodreasontothinkso,althoughyouhavenoproof;
thewordsuggeststhatwhateveristakenforgrantedisentitledtobeliefuntilitisdisproved非常肯定
e.g.Thecommitteepresumedthatitsdecisionswouldbecarriedout./Ipresumeyou’vealreadyorderedlunch./Fromthewayhetalked,Ipresumedhimtobeyourboss.
Manyscientistspresumedthenewdamagetotheforeststobetheresultofhigherlevelsofpollution.
bepresumedinnocent/dead/responsible:
认定,推定
e.g.Thedefendantispresumedinnocentuntilprovedguilty.
The20soldiersaboardaremissingandpresumeddead.
【Othersensesofpresume:
a.fmltobehavewithoutrespectorpolitenessbydoingsth.thatyouhavenorighttodo冒昧地做,擅自做,放肆):
e.g.Iwouldneverpresumetotellyouwhattodo./Theyareresentfulthatoutsiderspresumetomeddleintheiraffairs./Iwouldn’tpresumetoquestionyourjudgment.
b.[transitiveusuallyinpresenttense]fml.(ofanidea,theoryorplan)toacceptsth.asbeingtrueandbasesomethingelseonit=presuppose:
e.g.TheAncientHistorycoursepresumessomeknowledgeofGreek./Yourargumentpresumesthateveryoneunderstandstheissue.
c.presumeon/uponsomebody’sfriendship/generosityetc:
tounfairlyasksb.formorethanyoushould,becausetheyareyourfriend,aregenerousetc滥用,过多指望
e.g.Itwouldbepresumingonhisgenerositytoaskhimformoney./Don’tpresumeuponhistolerance.】
2)Assume:
tothinksth.istrue,althoughyouhavenoproof;
thewordindicatesarbitraryordeliberateacceptanceofsth.notprovenordemonstrated
e.g.Hehadassumedthatthefamilywouldwelcomehisreturn./Ididn’tseeyourcar,soIassumedyou’dgoneout./Ithinkwecansafelyassume(=itisalmostcertain)thatinterestrateswillgoupagainsoon./I’vealwaysassumedhertobeAmerican.
【review:
assumeresponsibility/arole,assumeanairofindifference】
letus/let’sassume(that):
usedwhenthinkingaboutapossibleeventorsituationanditspossibleresults)=suppose猜想某事及其结果
e.g.Letusassumeforamomentthatwecouldindeedfireher.Shouldwe?
WhenitgottomidnightandPaulwasstillnotback,Ibegantoassumetheworst(=thinkthattheworstpossiblethinghadhappened).
3)Suppose:
[transitiveverbnotinprogressive]tothinkthatsth.isprobablytrue,esp.becauseofsomeinformationyouhave—usethisinwrittenorformalcontexts=presume
e.g.Wehavenoreasontosupposethatthegirlisdead.
TherearemanyreasonstosupposethatShakespearewasfamiliarwiththestoriesofmedievalItaly.
Thereweremanymoredeathsthanwasfirstsupposed.
Whatmakesyousupposewe’regoingtosellthehouse?
suppose/supposing(that):
spokenusedwhentalkingaboutapossibleconditionorsituation,andthenimaginingtheresult假定…的话,结果会怎样
e.g.Look,supposeyoulostyourjobtomorrow,whatwouldyoudo?
Supposingitreallyisafire!
besupposedtodo/besth.
a)usedtosaywhatsb.shouldorshouldnotdo,esp.becauseofrulesorwhatsb.inauthorityhassaid某人(不)应该做某事
e.g.We’resupposedtocheckoutofthehotelby11o’clock.
I’mnotsupposedtotellanyone.
b)usedtosaywhatwasorisexpectedorintendedtohappen,esp.whenitdidnothappen预期或打算某事发生
e.g.Noonewassupposedtoknowaboutit.
ThemeetingwassupposedtotakeplaceonTuesday,butwe’vehadtopostponeit.
c)usedtosaythatsth.isbelievedtobetruebymanypeople,althoughitmightnotbetrueoryoumightdisagree(很多人相信某事,但不一定是真的或说话人有异议)据说
e.g.Thecastleissupposedtobehaunted.据说
MrsCarverissupposedtohavealotofmoney.
5.contendinghistorians:
historianswhoarefightingordebating
contend:
a.vi.tocompeteagainstsomeoneinordertogainsomething
e.g.Threearmedgroupsarecontendingforpower/firstplace/firstprize.
Inevitably,fightsbreakoutbetweenthemembersofcontendinggroups.
b.vt.toargueorstatethatsomethingistrue
e.g.Someastronomerscontendthattheuniversemaybeyoungerthanpreviouslythought.
Thepolicecontendedthatthemanwasintheareaatthetimeoftherobbery.
c.contendwithsomething:
tohavetodealwithsomethingdifficultorunpleasant
e.g.Therescueteamalsohadbadweatherconditionstocontendwith.
Iknowthecharmsofmyrivalaretoopowerfulformetocontendwith.
Moreorless:
almost,toanundetermineddegree;
approximately
e.g.Thisproblemismoreorlesssettled./Theymoreorlessagreetoreopentheirdiscussionabouttheborderdispute./They’vesettledheremoreorlesspermanently.
6.perspective:
a.[C]awayofthinkingaboutsth,esp.onewhichisinfluencedbythetypeofpersonyouareorbyyourexperiences
e.g.Hisfather’sdeathgavehimawholenewperspectiveonlife.
Thenoveliswrittenfromachild’sperspective/pointofview.
Thebookdealswithawoman’sperspectiveonrevolutionarychange.
Youcancallitbraveorfoolish,dependingonyourperspective.
fromafeminist/Christian/global/historical/financialperspective:
e.g.Wehavetolookateverythingfromaninternationalperspective.
Theproblemneedstobelookedatfromahistoricalperspective.
b.[U]asensiblewayofjudgingandcomparingsituationssothatyoudonotimaginethatsth.ismoreseriousthanitreallyis合理观察
e.g.Ithinkshe’slostallsenseofperspectiveintherushtogetwhatshewants.
get/keepsomethinginperspective(=judgetheimportanceofsomethingcorrectly)
e.g.Wemustgettheprobleminperspective;
it’snotreallythatserious.
Synonyms:
angle,viewpoint,pointofview
e.g.Thearticlegivesthereaderafreshangleonpopculture.
We’reapproachingtheissuefrommanydifferentangles.
Fromanecologicalviewpoint,themotorwayhasbeenadisaster.
Tryandthinkofitfromthechild’sviewpoint.
Fromaneconomicpointofview,thenewdevelopmentwillbenefitthetowngreatly.
Frommypointofview,thereisnowaytheycanwin.
7.acut-and-driedmatter:
aroutine;
anordinarymatter
cutanddried:
certaintohappeninaparticularwaybecauseithasalreadybeenplannedordetermined,andnothingcanbedonetochangeit;
clearlydecidedorsettled事先安排好的;
常规的,例行的
e.g.Unfortunately,thingscannotbeascutanddriedasmanypeoplewouldlike.
Myfuturewascutanddried.Iwouldjoinmyfather’sfirm,andtakeitoverwhenheretired.
Wemadethearrangementsweeksago.It’sallcutanddried.
cutacross:
goacrosssthinordertoarrivesomewheremorequickly;
ifanissueorproblemcutsacrossthedivisionbetweentwoormoregroupsofpeople,itaffectsormatterstopeopleinallthegroups.超越;
不顾;
抄近路
e.g.Schoolcrimeandviolencecutsacrossurban,ruralandsu
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- 现代 大学 英语 精读 lesson3 知识点