英语六级真题卷第一套含答案Word格式.docx
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英语六级真题卷第一套含答案Word格式.docx
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ofhelicopterparenting.Socialmediaandsmart-phoneappshavebecomesopopularinrecent
yearsbecauseteensneedaplacetocalltheirown.Theywantthefreedomto39____theiridentity
andtheworldaroundthem.Insteadof40____out,theyjumponline.
Asteenshavemovedonline,parentshaveprojectedtheirfearsontotheInternet,imagining
allthe41____dangersthatyouthmightface一from42____strangerstocruelpeerstopicturesorwordsthatcouldhauntthemonGooglefortherestoftheirlives.
Ratherthanhelpingteensdevelopstrategiesfornegotiatingpubliclifeandtherisksof43
____withothers,fear-fullparentshavefocusedontracking,monitoringandblocking.These
tactics(策略)don'
thelpteensdeveloptheskillstheyneedtomanagecomplexsocialsituations,
44____risksandgethelpwhenthey'
reintrouble."
Protecting"
kidsmayfeelliketherightthingto
do,butit45____thelearningthatteensneedtodoastheycomeofageinatechnology-soaked
world.
A)assessB)constrainedC)containsD)explore
E)influenceF)interactingG)interpretationH)magnified
I)mirrorsJ)philosophyK)potentialL)sneaking
M)stickingN)underminesO)violent
SectionB
InequalityIsNotInevitable
[A]Adangeroustrendhasdevelopedoverthispastthirdofacentury.Acountrythatexperienced
sharedgrowthafterWorldWarIIbegantotearapart,somuchsothatwhentheGreatRecession
hitinlate2007,onecouldnolongerignorethedivisionthathadcometodefinetheAmerican
economiclandscape.Howdidthis"
shiningcityonahill"
becometheadvancedcountrywiththe
greatestlevelofinequality?
[B]Overthepastyearandahalf,TheGreatdivide,aseriesinTheNewYorkTimes,haspresented
awiderangeofexamplesthatunderminethenotionthatthereareanytrulyfundamentallawsof
capitalism.Thedynamicsoftheimperialcapitalismofthe19thcenturyneedn'
tapplyinthe
democraciesofthe21st.wedon'
tneedtohavethismuchinequalityinAmerica.
[C]Ourcurrentbrandofcapitalismisafakecapitalism.Forproofofthisgobacktoourresponse
totheGreatRecession,wherewesocializedlosses,evenasweprivatizedgains.Perfect
competitionshoulddriveprofitstozero,atleasttheoretically,butwehavemonopoliesmaking
persistentlyhighprofits.C.E.O.senjoyincomesthatareonaverage295timesthatofthetypical
worker,amuchhigherratiothaninthepast,withoutanyevidenceofaproportionateincreasein
productivity.
[D]IfitisnotthecruellawsofeconomicsthathaveledtoAmerica'
sgreatdivide,whatisit?
The
straightforwardanswer:
ourpoliciesandourpolitics.Peoplegettiredofhearingabout
Scandinaviansuccessstories,butthefactofthematteristhatSweden,FinlandandNorwayhave
allsucceededinhavingaboutasmuchorfastergrowthinpercapita(人均的)incomesthanthe
UnitedStatesandwithfargreaterequality.
[E]SowhyhasAmericachosentheseinequality-enhancingpolicies?
Partoftheansweristhatas
WorldWarIIfadedintomemory,sotoodidthesolidarityithadcreated.AsAmericatriumphedin
theColdWar,theredidn'
tseemtobearealcompetitortooureconomicmodel.Withoutthis
internationalcompetition,wenolongerhadtoshowthatoursystemcoulddeliverformostofour
citizens.
[F]Ideologyandinterestscombineviciously.Somedrewthewronglessonfromthecollapseof
theSovietsystemin1991.Thependulumswungfrommuchtoomuchgovernmenttheretomuch
toolittlehere.Corporateinterestsarguedforgettingridofregulations,evenwhenthose
regulationshaddonesomuchtoprotectandimproveourenvironment,oursafety,ourhealthand
theeconomyitself.
[G]Butthisideologywashypocritical(虚伪的).Thebankers,amongthestrongestadvocatesof
laissez-faire(自由放任的)economics,wereonlytoowillingtoaccepthundredsofbillionsof
dollarsfromthegovernmentintheaidprogramsthathavebeenarecurringfeatureoftheglobal
economysincethebeginningoftheThatcher-Reaganeraof"
free"
marketsandderegulation.
[H]TheAmericanpoliticalsystemisoverrunbymoney.Economicinequalitytranslatesinto
politicalin-equality,andpoliticalinequalityyieldsincreasingeconomicinequality.Socorporate
welfareincreasesaswereducewelfareforthepoor.Congressmaintainssubsidiesforrichfarmers
aswecutbackonnutritionalsupportfortheneedy.Drugcompanieshavebeengivenhundredsof
billionsofdollarsaswelimitMedicaidbenefits.Thebanksthatbroughtontheglobalfinancial
crisisgotbillionswhileatinybitwenttothehomeownersandvictimsofthesamebanks'
predatory(掠夺性的)lendingpractices.Thislastdecisionwasparticularlyfoolish.Therewere
alternativestothrowingmoneyatthebanksandhopingitwouldcirculatethroughincreased
lending.
[I]Ourdivisionsaredeep.Economicandgeographicsegregationhasimmunizedthoseatthetop
fromtheproblemsofthosedownbelow.Likethekingsofancienttimes'
theyhavecometo
perceivetheirprivilegedpositionsessentiallyasanaturalright.
[J]Oureconomy,ourdemocracyandoursocietyhavepaidforthesegrossinequalities.Thetrue
testofaneconomyisnothowmuchwealthitsprincescanaccumulateintaxhavens(庇护所),but
howwelloffthetypicalcitizenis.Butaverageincomesarelowerthantheywereaquarter-century
ago.Growthhasgonetothevery,verytop,whosesharehasalmostincreasedfourtimessince
1980.Moneythatwasmeanttohavetrickled(流淌)downhasinsteadevaporatedintheagreeable
climateoftheCaymanIslands.
[K]WithalmostaquarterofAmericanchildrenyoungerthan5livinginpoverty,andwith
Americadoingsolittleforitspoor,thedeprivationsofonegenerationarebeingvisiteduponthe
next.Ofcourse,nocountryhasevercomeclosetoprovidingcompleteequalityofopportunity.
ButwhyisAmericaoneoftheadvancedcountrieswherethelifeprospectsoftheyoungaremost
sharplydeterminedbytheincomeandeducationoftheirparents?
[L]AmongthemostbitterstoriesinTheGreatDividewerethosethatportrayedthefrustrationsof
theyoung,wholongtoenterourshrinkingmiddleclass.Soaringtuitionsanddecliningincomes
haveresultedinlargerdebtburdens.Thosewithonlyahighschooldiplomahaveseentheir
incomesdeclineby13percentoverthepast35years.
[M]Wherejusticeisconcerned,thereisalsoahugedivide.Intheeyesoftherestoftheworldand
asignificantpartofitsownpopulation,massimprisonmenthascometodefineAmerica—a
country,itbearsrepeating,withabout5percentoftheworld'
spopulationbutaroundafourthof
theworld'
sprisoners.
[N]Justicehasbecomeacommodity,affordabletoonlyafew.WhileWallStreetexecutivesused
theirexpensivelawyerstoensurethattheirrankswerenotheldaccountableforthemisdeedsthat
thecrisisin2008sographicallyrevealed,thebanksabusedourlegalsystemtoforeclose(取消赎
回权)onmortgagesandejecttenants,someofwhomdidnotevenowemoney.
[O]Morethanahalf-centuryago,AmericaledthewayinadvocatingfortheUniversal
DeclarationofHumanRights,adoptedbytheUnitedNationsin1948.Today,accesstohealthcare
isamongthemostuniversallyacceptedrights,atleastintheadvancedcountries.America,despite
theimplementationoftheAffordableCareAct,istheexception.Inthereliefthatmanyfeltwhen
theSupremeCourtdidnotoverturntheAffordableCareAct,theimplicationsofthedecisionfor
Medicaidwerenotfullyappreciated.Obamacare'
sobjective一toensurethatallAmericanshave
accesstohealthcare—hasbeenblocked:
24stateshavenotimplementedtheexpandedMedicaid
program,whichwasthemeansbywhichObamacarewassupposedtodeliveronitspromiseto
someofthepoorest.
[P]Weneednotjustanewwaronpovertybutawartoprotectthemiddleclass.Solutionstothese
problemsdonothavetobenovel.Farfromit.Makingmarketsactlikemarketswouldbeagood
placetostart.Wemustendtherent-seekingsocietywehavegravitatedtoward,inwhichthe
wealthyobtainprofitsbymanipulatingthesystem.
[Q]Theproblemofinequalityisnotsomuchamatteroftechnicaleconomics.It'
sreallya
problemofpracticalpolitics.Inequalityisnotjustaboutthetopmarginaltaxratebutalsoabout
ourchildren'
saccesstofoodandtherighttojusticeforall.Ifwespentmoreoneducation,health
andinfrastructure(基础设施),wewouldstrengthenoureconomy,nowandinthefuture.
46.Intheory,freecompetitionissupposedtoreducethemarginofprofitstotheminimum.
47.TheUnitedStatesisnowcharacterizedbyagreatdivisionbetweentherichandthepoor.
48.Americalackedtheincentivetocareforthemajorityofitscitizensasitfoundnorivalforits
economicmodel.
49.Thewealthytophavecometotakeprivilegesforgranted.
50.Manyexamplesshowthebasiclawsofimperialcapitalismnolongerapplyinpresent-day
America.
51.Theauthorsuggestsareturntothetruespiritofthemarket.
52.Aquarteroftheworld'
sprisonerpopulationisinAmerica.
53.Governmentregulationi
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- 英语六级 真题卷 第一 答案