第8讲主谓一致Word文档格式.docx
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第8讲主谓一致Word文档格式.docx
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5.表示时间、金钱、距离、重量、数量的复数名词作主语,通常看作一个整体,谓语动词用单数。
Tenpoundswasmissingfromthebox.
6.aseriesof,akindof,apieceof,apairof等量词修饰名词,通常以量词的单复数形式来决定谓语的单复数。
Thispairofglassesisveryexpensive.
Twoseriesofnewstampshavebeenordered.
7.anumberof+复数名词,"
许多”,复数意义;
thenumberof+复数名词,"
的
数目”,单数意义。
thepopulationof的人口数量”作主语时,谓语用单数,但如果
是分数、百分数、halfof,therestofthepopulation作主语时,具体指其中的多少人,复数意
义,谓语则用复数。
theaverageof的平均数量”,作主语时,谓语用单数。
Thenumberofthestudentsinourschoolisquitelargeandanumberofteachersworkhard.ThepopulationofChinaislargeandmostofthepopulationarefarmers.
8.主语后with,togetherwith,alongwith,except,besides,aswellas等短语时,谓语动词的数要和这些短语前面的名词的单复数保持一致。
(因为with等词为介词,其后跟的名词只能是介宾,不可能充当主语。
)
Mr.GreentogetherwithhischildrengoestotheparkeverySunday.
9.“the+adj.”结构指一类人时,谓语动词用复数;
如果指个别人或表示抽象的概念,谓语动词用单数。
Thedisabledarewelltakencareofinthiscountry.
Thedeadinthisaccidentwas20,agirlfromNanjingUniversity.
Thenewiscertaintoreplacetheold.
10.分数、百分数、all,some,therest,halfof,mostof,partof等作主语时,谓语动词的单复数根据其指代的含义确定。
Therestoftheworkersarestillverytired.
11.当and连接两个并列主语在意义上指同一人、同一物、同一事或者同一概念时,应看作单数,谓语动词用单数。
另外,当and连接两个形容词去修饰一个单数形式的主语时,其实
12.
Warandpeaceisaconstantthemeinhistory.
ChineseandJapanesesilkareofgoodquality.
英语中并列结构表示整体概念的有:
truthandhonesty真诚
12.what引导的主语从句作主语时,谓语动词的单复数要取决于作表语的名词的单复数。
Whatsurprisedmemostwashisattitudetowardshisstudy.
13.such作主语时,谓语动词的单复数形式要根据其意义而定。
SuchisStephenHawking,whohassufferedagreatdealbutachievedsomuch.
14.quantitiesof+名词作主语时,不论名词是复数还是不可数,谓语一律用复数。
aquantityof+名词复数作主语时,谓语用复数。
aquantityof+不可数名词作主语时,谓语用单数。
amountsof+不可数名词作主语时,谓语用复数。
anamountof+不可数名词作主语时,谓语用单数。
Everydayquantitiesofwaterarewasted.
Alargeamountofdamagehasbeendonebecauseofthefloods.
二、逻辑意义一致原则
1.every/each/no+名词+andevery/each/no+名词作主语时,谓语用单数。
Everyboyandeverygirlishavingsportsnow.
2.“one+单数名词+andahalf”作主语时,谓语动词用单数。
Oneappleandahalfwasonthetable.
3.“morethanone+单数名词”作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。
Morethanonestudenthasfailedtheexam.
4.“manya+单数名词”作主语时,谓语动词用单数。
Manyachildwasplayingthere.
注意:
以上四种情况,如果从意义上来讲,主语有复数意义,但由于名词都是以单数形式出现
的,故谓语用单数形式,谓语形式上与主语的单数形式一致。
三、就近(远)一致原则
1.谓语动词的人称和数常常与最近作主语的词语保持一致。
常出现在这类句子中的连词有:
or,not•…bu;
•…either•…or,•…neither•…nor,•…notonly•…butalso等。
•…
EitherIortheyareresponsiblefortheresultofthematter.
Neithertheunkindwordsnortheunfriendlyattitudehascausedmeanydistress.
2.在倒装句中谓语可与后面最近的一个主语一致。
Inthedistaneewasheardtheclappingofhandsandtheshoutsofthepeople.
3.当therebe句型的主语是一系列事物时,谓语应与最邻近的主语保持一致。
Thereisapen,aknifeandseveralbooksonthedesk.
Therearetwentyboy—studentsandtwenty—threegirl—studentsintheclass.
4.当一个句子是由there或here引起,而主语又不止一个时,谓语通常和最靠近它的主语一致。
Hereisapen,afewenvelopesandsomepaperinthedrawer.
5.在定语从句中,关系代词如果在从句中作主语,依先行词决定从句谓语动词的单复数形式;
在"
oneof+复数名词+who/that/which”引导的从句结构中,从句中的动词用复数形式;
但是之前有the(only)等修饰语时,则从句中的动词用单数形式。
MaryistheonlyoneofthestudentsinourschoolwhohaseverbeentoChina.
6.主语后面跟有"
with,togetherwith,except,but,like,aswellas,nolessthan,ratherthan,morethan,besides,alongwith,including,inadditionto”等引起的短语,谓语动词要跟主语一致,即就远一致。
Mr.Green,togetherwithhiswifeandchildren,hascometoChina.
Awomanwithababywasonthebus.
NobodybutJimandMikewasontheplayground.
ShelikeyouandTom,isverytall.
Nooneexceptmyteachersknowsanythingaboutit.
第二节近5年高考真题回顾
(2011湖南卷)26)Onethirdofthecountrycoveredwithtreesandthemajorityofthe
citizensblackpeople.
A.is;
areB.is;
isC.are;
areD.are;
is
【答案】A
【考点】考查主谓一致。
【解析】整个国家为整体,三分之一的部分当然也应用单数;
而themajorityofcitizens主要指人,
是可数名词,此时的谓语动词用复数,表示“大多数,大部分”。
(2010全国n)Barbaraiseasytorecognizeasshe'
sheonlyoneofthewomenwho
eveningdress.
A.wearB.wearsC.haswornD.haveworn
【答案】B
【考点】考查主谓一致和时态。
【解析】首先theonlyoneof….为先行词时,定语从句修饰的是one,即one是主语,而非后面
的复数women,根据主谓一致的原则,谓语动词应该用复数,排除A,D。
另外,从“is”
可以看岀句子是要表示一种习惯,因此要用一般现在时,排除C,故选A
(2007上海)Asurveyoftheopinionsofexpertsthatthreehoursofoutdoorexercisea
weekgoodforone'
shealth.
A.show;
areB.shows;
isC.show;
isD.shows;
are
【考点】本题考查主谓一致。
【解析】由asurvey可知第一个空用shews,首先排除A、C两项;
第二个空前的时间threehours
(2007浙江)ProfessorJameswillgiveusalectureontheWesternculture,butwhenandwhereyet..
A.hasn'
tbeendecideB.haven'
tdecidedC.isn'
tbeingdecidedD.aren'
tdecided【答案】A
【考点】本题考查主谓一致及动词的时态。
【解析】根据句意,此处应用被动语态,不用主动语态,故排除B;
又因为whenandwhere表示
单数意义,故排除D;
再根据句末的yet可知,最好用现在完成时,故选A最佳。
(2006浙江)Thecompanyhadabout20notebookcomputersbutonlyone-thirdusedregularly.Nowwehave60workingalldaylong.
A.isB.areC.wasD.were
【答案】D
【解析】当分数、百分数作主语时,要根据其后面的名词来决定其谓语动词的单复数。
此处
(2006江苏)Apoetandartist
one-third应是one-thirdofthenotebookcomputers的省略形式,因此谓语动词用复数,且句子的时态用了过去时,所以D项正确。
comingtospeaktousaboutChineseliteratureandpainting
tomorrowafternoon.
【考点】此题考查主谓一致的用法。
[解析】由时间状语"
tomorrowafternoon”判断,此处应用壬现在进行时表将来,故排除C、D两
项。
“apoetandartist"
指一位诗人兼画家,谓语动词用单数,故选A项。
ontheprojectdayandnightto
(2005上海)ProfessorSmith,alongwithhisassistants.
meetthedeadline.
【答案】C
【解析】该句主语是ProfessorSmith,故而谓语动词用单数。
eachyear.
(2005山东)Withmoreforestsbeingdestroyed,hugequantitiesofgoodearth
A.iswashingawayB.isbeingwashedaway
C.arewashingawayD.arebeingwashedaway
[解析】句意为:
随着更多森林被毁,每年有许多良田被冲走。
quantitiesof后既可接不可数名词,
也可接可数名词,其谓语动词用复数,故选D项。
(2005山东)Thecountrylifehewasusedtogreatlysinee1992.
A.ehangeB.hasehangedC.ehangingD.haveehanged
【答案】
B
【考点】
考查主谓致和时态。
【解析】
hewasusedto是定语从句.作theeountrylife的定语。
即Theeountrylife(that)hewasusedtohasehangedgreatlysince1992。
第三节巩固练习
1.NeitherhenorI
fortheplan.
A.were
B.is
C.are
D.am
2.MyfamilyaswellasI
gladtoseeyou.
A.was
3.Myfather,togetherwithsomeofhisoldfriends,therealready
A.hasB.isC.wereD.are
9.Iknowthatallgettingonwellwithher.
A.wereB.areC.isD.was
fromthecountrysideinourschool.
13.Morethanoneanswertothequestion.
A.hadgivenB.weregivenC.hasbeengivenD.havebeengiven
14.ThestudentsinourschooleachanEnglishdictionary.
A.arehavingB.hadC.hasD.have
15.Thepairofshoeswornout.
A.hadbeenB.havebeenC.wereD.was
16.Aprofessorandawriterpresentatthemeeting.
A.isfondof
B.enjoy
C.
likes
D.
areliking
There
aknifeandforkonthetable.
A.are
B.isseemingtobe
seemtobe
seemstobe
Over80percentofthepopulationworkers.
A.willbe
B.are
is
was
Thewholeclass
greatlymovedathiswords.
A.is
B.had
were
Thewounded_
goodcareofherenow.
A.istaking
B.aretaking
arebeingtaken
istaken
Deer
fasterthandogs.
A.willrun
B.arerunning
runs
run
Thepolice
aprisoner.
A.aresearchedforB.issearching
aresearchingfor
issearchingfor
Itwasreportedthatsixincludingaboy.
A.hadkilled
TheUnitedNations__
B.waskilling
in1945.
C.werekilled
D.waskilled
A.wasfound
B.wasfounded
C.werefounded
werefound
I,who
_yourgoodfriend,willshareyourjoysandsorrows.
C.is
am
Betweenthetwobuildingsamonument.
A.isstanding
B.standing
C.stands
stand
Layingeggs
___theantqueen
'
sfu-tlilmejob.
A.have
B.has
Peter,perhapsJohn,playingwiththelittledog.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.
25.
26.
27.
28.
29.
A.seemsB.wereC.areD.is
D.hasmade
D.is
D.doesn'
tfit
D.are
D.arebeing
D.stands
D.owns…are
D.know
D.arevoting
30.Manyastudentthatmistakebefore.
A.hadmadeB.hasbeenmadeC.havemade
31.TheArabianNightswellknowntoEnglishlovers.
A.isbeingB.areC.were
32.Yournewclothesfityou,butmineme.
A.don'
tfitforB.doesn'
tfitforC.don'
tfit
33.Tom'
steacherandfriendMrSmith.
A.hasB.arebeingC.is
34.Allthatcanbeeateneatenup.
A.havebeenB.hadbeenC.hasbeen
35.Somepersoncallingforyouatthegate.
A.willbeB.isbeingC.is
36.Oneachsideofthestreetalotoftrees.
A.aregrownB.isstandingB.grow
37.Thenumberofthepeoplewhocarsincreasing.
A.own….areB.own…isC.owns…is
38.NooneexceptJackandTomtheanswer.
A.areknowsB.isknowingC.knows
39.Nothingbutcarsintheshop.
A.aregoingtosellB.weresoldC.aresoldDissold
40.Hereisamessageofimportancetoeverymanandeverywomanwho
A.votesB
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