我的高一语法定语从句总结Word下载.docx

我的高一语法定语从句总结Word下载.docx

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3.Flora,whosebeautifulhairanddresswereallcoldandwet,startedcrying.

找正确的关系词的方法：

瞻前顾后

瞻前：

先看先行词是人还是物。

顾后：

看关系词在后面的定语从句中所做的成分。

关系代词&

关系副词的选择

如果充当是名词性成分，使用关系代词；

如果充当是状语成分，使用关系副词。

关系代词的用法

关系代词在从句中可以：

That:

指人/指物/主语/宾语

Which:

指物/主语/宾语

Who：

指人/主语/宾语

Whom：

指人/宾语

Whose:

指人/指物/定语

As:

指人、指物、主语、宾语

Heissuchapersonasisrespectedbyallofus.

ThisisthesamepenasIlostyesterday.

练习：

1.Theman________cametoourschoolisMr.Wang.2.Thegirl______________ImetisLucy.

3.Achild_____parentsaredeadiscalledTom.

4.Ilikethebook___________youboughtyesterday.

5.Weshallneverforgetthedays____________wespenttogether.

6.Iliketheperson_________youjusttalked.

7.Ihavearoom_______windowfacessouth.

注意1）关系词whom/which/that作宾语时，一般可以省略。

2）关系词前有介词而且关系词在定语从句中做宾语（表语）时，指人时用whom，指物时用which,而且不能省略。

一、that和which用法的区别

1、只能用that不用which的情况

（1）先行词为all,everything,nothing,something,anything,little,much等不定代词时。

Iamsureshehassomething__that___youcanborrow

Doyouhaveanything_that____youdon’tunderstand?

（2）先行词被all,every,no,some,any,little,much等修饰时。

I’vereadallthebooks_that_____youlendme.

Pleasesendusanyinformation_that_____youhaveaboutthesubject.

（3）先行词被序数词或最高级修饰时。

Thisisthefirstbook__that___hehasread.

Itisthemostbeautifulcity__that___I’veeverseen.

（4）先行词被theonly,thevery,thesame,thelast修饰时。

Thisistheverybook__that___belongstohim.

Heistheonlyperson___that__waspresentatthetime.

补充：

thesameas/that对比

用as：

相似，同类事物;

用that：

同一个，同一事物.

Thisisthesamepenas/thatIlostyesterday.

Ihaveboughtthesamedress__________sheiswearing.

（5）先行词既有人又有物时。

Thefamouswriterandhisworks_that____theradiobroadcastarepopulartothestudents.

（6）先行词是who或which引导的主句。

Whoisthegirl___that__drovethecar?

（7）主句以therebe引导时。

Therearemorethan400,000people___that__diedorwereinjuredintheearthquake.

Thisisthesamepen__________Ilostyesterday.

Ihaveboughtthesamedress_________sheiswearing.

2、只用which不用that的情况

（1）关系代词在限制性定语从句中紧跟介词作宾语（介词提前）。

Therearemanytrees_underwhich_________theycanhavearest.

Thisisthering_onwhich_________shespent1000dollars.

（2）在非限制性定语从句中。

Football,___which___isaverypopulargame,isplayedallovertheworld.

二、只用who的情况

先行词是one,ones,anyone,those时用who.

One_who___hasnothingtofeardarestotellthetruth.

Theoneswho____laughatthedisabledarenotgoodstudents.

Anyone__who__failstofinishthetaskshouldbepunished.

Those_who___wanttogotoTheGreatWallsighuphere

.

3.表所有关系及整体中的一部分或全部时，用介

词of,有时可用whose转换。

1）I’mpaintingahouse,theroof___ofwhich______isround.

I’mpaintingahouse___whose___roofisround.

2）Theyliveinahouse,__whose_____windowsfacesouth.

Theyliveinahouse,thewindows_ofwhich___facesouth.

【典型例题】

[例1]Friendshipisneededbyall,_____playsanimportantroleinpeople’slives.

A.whichB.thatC.whoD.it

[例2]UncleLi_____Iworkedthreeyearsagohasretirednow.

A.whoB.whomC.withwhomD.towhom

[例3]Isthisthereason_____atthemeetingforhiscarelessnessinhiswork?

A.heexplainedB.whatheexplained

C.howheexplainedD.whyheexplained

[例4]Teachers,_____workisratherhard,arebeingbetterpaidthanbefore.

A.whoB.thatC.whichD.whose

[例5]Shehasthreechildren,_____isworkinginAustralia.

A.whoB.oneofwhomC.oneofthemD.noneofthem

【模拟试题】

1.Susanistheverygirl_____thegooddeed.

A.whomIthinkdidB.whomIthinkshedid

C.whoIthinkdidD.Ithinkwhodid

2.Luckily,thepoorboyhadenoughmoney_____hecouldbuyatrainticket.

A.bywhichB.onwhichC.withwhichD.forwhich

3.Thebook_____hedevotedmuchtimeistocomeoutnextmonth.

A.whereB.whichC.towhichD.onwhich

4.Thedaycamefinally_____Iwasgivenanopportunitytoactintheplay.

A.whenB.inthatC.whichD.inwhich

5. 

There 

is 

no 

such 

place 

_____ 

you 

dream 

of 

in 

all 

this 

world. 

A.thatB.whatC.whichD.as

课后练习：

1.Isthisthefactory__________youvisitedtheotherday?

A.thatB.whereC.inwhichD.theone

2.Isthisfactory__________someforeignfriendsvisitedlastFriday?

A.thatB.whereC.whichD.theone

3.Isthisthefactory__________heworkedtenyearsago?

4.Thefreezingpointisthetemperature__________waterchangesintoice.

A.atwhichB.onthatC.inwhichD.ofwhat

5.We’retalkingaboutthepianoandthepianist______wereintheconcertweattendedlastnight.

A.whichB.whomC.whoD.that

6.Those__________notonlyfrombooksbutalsothroughpracticewillsucceed.

A.learnB.whoC.thatlearnsD.wholearn

7.Anyone__________thisopinionmayspeakout.

A.thatagainstsB.thatagainstC.whoisagainstD.whoareagainst

8.Didn’tyouseetheman__________?

A.InoddedjustnowB.whomInoddedjustnow

C.InoddedtohimjustnowD.Inoddedtojustnow

9.Canyoulendmethenovel__________theotherday?

A.thatyoutalkedB.youtalkedaboutit

C.whichyoutalkedwithD.youtalkedabout

10.Isthereanything__________toyou?

A.thatisbelongedB.thatbelongs

C.thatbelongD.whichbelongs

11.----“Howdoyoulikethebook?

”

----“It’squitedifferentfrom__________Ireadlastmonth.”

A.thatB.which

C.theoneD.theonewhat

12.Thetrain__________shewastravellingwaslate.

A.whichB.whereC.onwhichD.inthat

13.Maythefourthistheday__________weChinesepeoplewillneverforget.

A.whichB.whenC.onwhichD.aboutwhich

14.Hehastwosons,__________workaschemists.

A.twoofwhomB.bothofwhomC.bothofwhichD.allofwhom

15.Heisamanofgreatexperience,__________muchcanbelearned.

A.whoB.thatC.fromwhichD.fromwhom

16.Idon’tlike__________youspeaktoher.

A.thewayB.thewayinthat

C.thewaywhichD.thewayofwhich

17.Thereisonlyonething__________Icando.

A.whatB.thatC.allD.which

18.Ihavemanybooks,someof__________areonchemistry.

A.themB.thatC.whichD.those

19.Ilikethesecondfootballmatch__________washeldlastweek.

A.whichB.whoC.thatD./

20.Theplace_______interestedmemostwastheChildren'

sPalace.

A.WhichB.whereC.whatD.inwhich

状语从句

状语修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子。

通常由副词、介词短语、动词不定式、分词和从句等担当。

例如：

1. 

Naturally,ourgrandparentswerepleasedtogetourphonecall.（副词）

2. 

Weworkedhard,fromsunrisetosunset.（介词状短语）

3. 

Tohelpmydisabledaunt,Ispendanhourworkinginherhouseeveryday.（不定式）

4. 

Seenfromadistance,thefarmhouselookeddeserted.（过去分词）

IknowhowtolightacampfirebecauseIhaddoneitbefore.（原因状语从句）

状语的位置比较灵活，可以位于句首、句末或句中。

enough用作状语修饰形容词和副词时必须后置。

状语从句主要用来修饰主句或主句的谓语。

一般可分为九大类，分别表示时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、条件、让步、比较和方式。

尽管种类较多，但由于状语从句与汉语结构和用法相似，所以理解和掌握它并不难。

状语从句的关键是要掌握引导不同状语从句的常用连接词

和特殊的连接词即考点。

现分别列举如下:

1．时间状语从句

常用引导词：

when,as,while,assoonas,while,before,after,since,till,until

特殊引导词：

theminute,themoment,thesecond,everytime,theday，theinstant,immediately,directly,nosooner…than,hardly…when,scarcely…when

Ididn’trealizehowspecialmymotherwasuntilIbecameanadult.

WhileJohnwaswatchingTV,hiswifewascooking.

Thechildrenranawayfromtheorchard（果园）themomenttheysawtheguard.

NosoonerhadIarrivedhomethanitbegantorain.

EverytimeIlistentoyouradvice,Igetintotrouble.

2．地点状语从句

where

wherever,anywhere,everywhere

Generally,airwillbeheavilypollutedwheretherearefactories.

Whereveryougo,youshouldworkhard.

3．原因状语从句

because,since,as,since

seeingthat,nowthat,inthat,consideringthat,giventhat,consideringthat, 

MyfriendsdislikemebecauseI’mhandsomeandsuccessful.

Nowthateverybodyhascome,let’sbeginourconference.

Thehigherincometaxisharmfulinthatitmaydiscouragepeoplefromtryingtoearnmore.

Consideringthatheisnomorethan12yearsold,hisheightof1.80misquiteremarkable.

4．目的状语从句

sothat,inorderthat

lest,incase,forfearthat，inthehopethat,forthepurposethat,totheendthat

Thebossaskedthesecretarytohurryupwiththeletterssothathecouldsignthem.

Theteacherraisedhisvoiceonpurposethatthestudentsinthebackcouldhearmoreclearly.

5．结果状语从句

so…that,so…that,such…that,

suchthat,tothedegreethat,totheextentthat,tosuchadegreethat,

Hegotupsoearlythathecaughtthefirstbus.

It’ssuchagoodchancethatwemustnotmissit.

Tosuchandegreewasheexcitedthathecouldn’tsleeplastnight.

6．条件状语从句

if,unless,

as/solongas,onlyif,providing/providedthat,supposethat,incasethat,onconditionthat

We’llstartourprojectifthepresidentagrees.

Youwillcertainlysucceedsolongasyoukeepontrying.

Providedthatthereisnoopposition,weshallholdthemeetinghere.

7．让步状语从句

though,although,evenif,