Body Language in Intercultural Communication跨文化交际中的身势语言功能及应用Word文档格式.docx

Body Language in Intercultural Communication跨文化交际中的身势语言功能及应用Word文档格式.docx

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3.3Gesture1（）

3.4Postures12

3.4.1TheSamePostureConveyingDifferentMeaningsinDifferentCultures13

3.4.2DifferentPostureConveyingtheSameMeaninginDifferentCultures14

3.5FacialExpression14

3.6Touch15

4.TheChangeofModemBodyLanguage16

5.Conclusion17

Bibliography18

身势语作为非语言交际，在跨文化交际屮有着不可忽视的重要作用。

无论一个人是坐着还是站着，是微笑亦或是眨眼，他都在传递着一定的信息。

每个国家都有自己的文化，所以身势语言也不尽相同。

即使是在同一个文化地域，有时候相同的身势语言可能也会有不同的含义。

例如，一个人微笑可能是因为他高兴，因为他想表达他对说话对象的友善、赞同和满意的态度，但也可能是心生不满而暗地讽刺所不自觉表露的出来的表情。

另外，当一个人极度悲伤的时候，也可能会用笑来掩饰内心的痛苦。

根据维基百科的记录，在一个人所传递出的信息中，有60%-70%的信息是来自于非语言的行为，E卩，身势语。

所以，只有了解其他国家和文化的人在说话同时所表现出来的手势、身体的姿势、眼神等等身势语，方能与他们进行准确有效的交流。

本文R在详细分析各肢体语言的功能，及在不同国家肢体语言的差异与应用，以达到流畅无阻，合理有效的屮外交流。

关键词：

身势语中外交流功能

Abstract

Bodylanguage，whichisthenonverbalbehavior，playsavitalroleininterculturalcommunication.Onesits,stands,smiles,winks,etc，allcanconveyhisinformation，attitudeandemotion.Eachbodylanguageindifferentcountryhasdifferentmeaning.Evenonparticularoccasion，thesamebodylanguageinthesamecountrymayhavedifferentsignificance.Forexample，wecanobserveone’ssmilewhenheisspeaking，whichcanindicatehishappiness，friendliness，approval，satisfaction，satire，dread，sadnessandetc.AccordingtoWikipedia,researchhassuggestedthatbetween60and70percentofallmeaningisderivedfromnonverbalbehavior.Soinordertocommunicateeffectivelyinaforeignlanguage，oneshouldknowthegestures，bodymovements,mannerisms,thataccompanyaparticularlanguage.Thispaperexplainsindetailonbodylanguagefunctions,differencesandapplicationininterculturalcommunicationforthepurposeoffluentandeffectivecommunication.

Keywords:

bodylanguage，interculturalcommunication，function

Introduction

DefinitionofBodyLanguage

AccordingtoWikipedia,Bodylanguageisaformofnonverbalcommunication，consistingofbodypose,gestures,andeyemovements.Humanssendandinterpretsuchsignalsunconsciously.Bodylanguage,whichgoeswiththeverbalcommunication,isanimportanttoolofhumancommunication.Ingeneralsense，thestudyofbodylanguagebeganin1950s.

TheOxfordAdvancedLearnersEnglish-ChineseDictionarydefinitionis:

“Bodylanguageisnotalanguageinthestrictsenseoftheword‘language’.Bodylanguageisexpressinghowonefeelsbyone’ssitting,standing，moving，etc，ratherbyword.”

TheOxfordEnglishdictionary（revised2005）definitionis:

”Bodylanguage，noun，theconsciousandunconsciousmovementsandposturesbywhichattitudesandfeelingsarecommunicated.Forexample:

hisintentwasclearlyexpressedinhisbodylanguage.”

TheSignificanceofBodyLanguage

Peoplecouldn’tlivewithouteachotherbecausewearesocialbeings.Assoonasweareincontactwithotherswearecommunicating.Itisquitesignificancetotalkwithotherwhenapersontellsotherswhohasbeenthewinnerofyesterday'

sfootballmatch，whenhewouldliketoknowhowhisson’sperformanceatschool，whenhebuysomebeefhometomakesteak.Still,thosewordsareinadequate.Forexample,wecan’ttelleachothereasilythathowwefeelabouteachother，orhowthewordofamessagetobeinterpreted.Tomakesuchmeaningmoreclearlyweusebodylanguage.SomebodywaswatchingTV，readingnewspapers,listeningtoradio,chatting，orevenheexpressedhislookwhilesittingsilently,whichindicatesthatheiscommunicatingwithothersallthetime.EvenLanguageisanimportanttoolofhumancommunication,itisnottheonlytool.Itisimpossiblenottohavetheverbalbehaviorinhuman’scommunication,butthenon-verbalcommunicationgoeswiththeverbal

communication.

Bodylanguageisdifferentfromspeakingbecauseitcouldbeusedbetweendifferentcountries.Inotherwords,everybodyusesbodylanguage.Thepeoplefromonecountrycancommunicatewithanotherfromoutsidecountrybybodylanguage.However，eachnationhashisowncultureandcustom.Thelargenumbersofitarequitedifferent，evenarecontrary.Thewrongwaytouseitmayleadtoconfusion.What’smore，thewrongbodylanguagethatusedbetweeninternationalcommunicationsmayleadtomisunderstandingbetweentwocountries.

Bodylanguageisawaytoexpressone’sinnerworldnoiselessly.Itisthemostoutstandingtoolofnon-verbalcommunication.Bodylanguageisirreplaceable,whichcanrepresentpeople’spsychologicalactivitiesrichlyandaccurately.Accordingtopsychologicalstatistics，the50%messagesareconveyedbybodylanguagebetweenaface-to-facecommunications.Evidencesaidthattheaveragetimeofspeakingonlyaccountfor10%ofthetimeofone’sdailycommunication.Itmeansthatthetimeforcommunicationexceptspeakingisusingbodylanguage，consciouslyornot.Evenonsomeoccasion，itisbettertousebodylanguagetoexpressthanspeaking.Justasanoldsayinggoes，themomentwhensilencecouldspeakmuchmorethanspeech.

ClassificationandFunctionofBodyLanguage

ClassificationofBodyLanguage

2.7.7ClassificationAccordingtoBodyParts

Thefirstkindisbodylanguageabouthandsandarm.Thiskindofbodylanguageisusedwithhands，armorfingers.Forexample,salute，snapone’sfingerat/insomebody’sface，layafingeronsomebody/something，thumbone’snoseatsomebody，thumbalift,andetc.Thesecondoneisaboutface.Italwaysexpressesbyeyebrows,eyes，noseormouth.Suchasmakesheep’seyesatsomebody，frown，pout，tipsomebodythewink，andetc.Thethirdkindisabouthead，whichoftendoitwithhead

asnodding.Thenisthefourthonewithshoulder.Forinstance,shrugone’sshoulder.Thelastbutnottheleastisthekindwithlegsuchasstampone’sfoot，keeldownandkick.Theauthormakesthefollowedtableforabetterunderstanding.

Partofbody

signal

Possiblemeanings（inlargemajority

ofcountries）

Handsand

arm

Fingerpointingata

person

Aggression,threat，emphasis

Handonheart

Believed

Fingerpointinginthe

air.Handchop

Emphasis

Forefingerandmiddle

fingercurvingupand

down

Quote-unquote

Indexfingerandthumb

touchingattips

Satisfaction,’OK’

Thumb（s）up

Positiveapproval，agreement，allwell

Thumb（s）down

Disapprovalfailure

Rubbinghandstogether

Anticipation，relish

Hand（s）clampedover

mouth

Suppression，shock

Touchingorscratching

nose，whilespeaking

Lyingorexaggeration

Crossedarms

Defensiveness，reluctance

Grippingownupper

arms

Insecurity

Onearmacrossbody

claspingotherarmby

side

Nervousness（womenusethisgesture.

Mentendnotto.）

Armsheldbehindbody

Confidence,authority

withhandsclasped

eyes

Lookingright

Creating,fabricating，guessing，lying,

storytelling

Lookingleft

Recalling，remembering，retrieving

‘facts’.

Directeyecontact

whenspeaking

Honesty，orfakedhonesty

whenlistening

Attentiveness,interest，attraction

Blinkingfrequently

Excitement，pressure

Blinkinginfrequently

Various（thissignalcanmean

differentmeaning.Itcanbesigned

unlesscombinewithothersignals）

Eyebrowraising

Greeting，recognition,

acknowledgement

Winking

Friendly，acknowledgement,

complicity（e.g.，sharingasecretor

joke）

laughter

Relaxation

Bitinglip

tension

Chewingpenorpencil

Self-comforting

Nailbiting

Frustration，suppression

Handclampedover

Suppression，holdingback，shock

Pastedsmile（Itis

appearsquicklyor

fixedlongerthana

naturalsmile,and

seemsnottoextendto

Fakedsmile

eyes.）

head

Headnodding

Agreement

Slowheadnodding

Attentivelistening

Fastheadnodding

Hurryup,impatience

Headheldhigh

Superiority,fearlessness，arrogance

Headshaking

Disagreement

Headdown

Negative，disinterested，defeat，

tiredness

Chinup

Pride,defiance，confidence

legs

Seated,legsclose

together

Nervousness,seriousness

Seated，withlegs

relaxedorPuttingone

legoveranotherwhen

sitting

Arbitrary，relaxed

2.1.2ClassifiedBytheWayoftheMovements

Bodylanguagefallsintothreecategoriesaccordingtodifferentmovements:

simple，complicated，andcompoundlanguage.

Simplebodylanguage,whichonlyneedsonemovementtofinishitsuchasnoddingandsnapthefingers.

Complicatedbodylanguage，whichneedsseveraldifferentactionstocomposeit.Forinstancemakethesignsofthecrossandswagger.

Compoundlanguage，which，isfinishedbyseveralsamemovementssuchasshakinghandsandclappingone’shands.

2.1.3TheMostCommonWaysofClassification

Intheinterculturalcommunication,themostcommonwaytoclassifythebodylanguageisbythemovementofhumanbody.Samovarusedtheterm“bodybehavior’’，

andclassifieditintoappearance，bodymovement，facialexpression，eyemanagement,touching，sub-language，andsoon.TheclassificationbyKnappisgesture，bodymovement,extremitiesmovement，handmovement，headmovement，facialexpression,eyemanagement,posture,andsoon.Brosnahanuse“gesture”torefertotouching,space,appearanceposture,bodybehavior,armmovement，legmovement，handmovement，headmovement，facialexpression,eyemanagement，noisyandsilentdecorations，theenvironment，andsoon.Fromallthesewaysofclassification，wecanknowthatbodylanguagemainlyincludesthemovementofeverypartofaman’sbody.This