大学英语作文Stylistic Analysis of Science and TechnoWord格式文档下载.docx
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大学英语作文Stylistic Analysis of Science and TechnoWord格式文档下载.docx
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solarenergy.Intermsofmode,itisascientificpaperrelevanttosolarelectric.Intermsoftenor:
itisconcernedwithcommunicationbetweenthespecialistandlayman.
IchoosethistextbecauseIwanttogainabetterunderstandingofscienceandtechnologybymeansofanalyzingitsdifferentfeaturesatdifferentlevels.
TextualAnalysis:
1.AtthePhonologicalLevel
Phonologyisthestudyofthesoundsystemofagivenlanguageandtheanalysisandclassificationofitsphonemes.Thatis,phonologyisasciencewhichtransfersspokensoundsintowrittensymbols.Therefore,soundandwritingaretwowaysofrepresentingthesamething.Also,therearetwokindsoflanguagestorepresentthesamething:
spokenlanguageandwrittenlanguage.Asthistextisascientificpaper,itcanonlybewrittenaswrittenlanguage.Thenquestionsariseastowhatfeaturesitslanguagehas.Theanswersareasfollows:
1).Itcommunicatesindirectly.Theauthorgenerallyhastimetogetwellpreparedandrevisethetextbeforeitissentout.
2).Itisusedinformalsituation.Itemploysalotofbigwordsandformalwords.Bigwords:
photovoltaic,GossamerPenguin,semiconductor,polycrystalline,etc.
Formalwords:
turnoutto,require,alter,etc.
3).Itiswritteninadetailedandlogicalway.Inthetext,theauthorusesanumberofexamplestoprovethatsolarcellswork,illustratehowasolarcellworkandhowasolarcellismadeindetails,whicharerankedlogically.
4).Itisveryconstantanddevelopedaroundasinglesubject.Thewholetextisdevelopedaroundsolarelectric:
Introduction:
theimportanceofsolarelectric
-----Mainbody:
Solarcellswork,howitworkandhowitismade-----Conclusion:
thetechniquesofmakingsolarcellsarebeingperfected.
2.AttheGraphologicalLevel
Graphologyreferstothewritingsystemofalanguage.Itstudiessymbolssuchasperiod,comma,exclamationmark,colon,dash,parentheses,quotationmark,mostofwhicharefullyusesinthistext.Inthisscientifictext,theperiodsoccurattheendofdeclarativesentences,expressingmeaningclearly.Thetwocommasin‘‘maybe,justmaybe,’’atthebeginningofthefirstsentenceinPara1areusedtoemphasizethatthescientistsarenotsureaboutthebrewingofthesolarrevolution.Anditusescommasfrequentlyinordertoofferinformation.Inaddition,capitalsarealsoimportantprominentdeviceforstylisticeffects.Forexample,“ONESENSESTHAT…..”atthebeginningofthetextiswrittenincapital,whichisofgreatprominence.
3.AttheLexicalLevel
Lexicologyisconcernedwiththestudyofthemeaningofwordsandlexicalitemsandalsothecompositionofwords.Wordsarethebasicunitsofmeaning.Therefore,whatwordstoselectinthecreationofatextwillbesignificantincreatingcertainstylisticeffect.Thistextisascientificpaper,soitshouldusestandardorcommonwords,andavoidusingcolloquial,non-standard,slang,informalwords.Thatiswhyitisfullofscientificwordsandtechnicaltermsofnaturalscience,suchasphotovoltaic,utility,mini-computer,semiconductormaterials,brittlephotovoltaiccells,silicon,crystals,polycrystalline,molds,etc.Inthebroadsense,thesescientificwordsaremainlytoprovideinformationforreaders.Inamoredetailedsense,thesescientificwordshavethefollowingfunctions:
1).Toconveygeneralconcept,suchassolarelectric.
2).Toconveyconceptinaspecificfield,suchassolarcell,brittlephotovoltaiccells,etc.inelectricityfromthesun.
3).Torefertoobjectsconcernedinnaturalscience,suchassilicon,crystals,polycrystalline,molds.
4.AttheGrammaticalLevel
Thecornofgrammarissyntax,whichcanbeusedtoachieveaparticularstyle.Inthisscientificpaper,inordertoachievethedesiredeffect,itisofhighfrequencyofoccurrenceofsentencesofcertainlength.Ontheonehand,thisscientifictextusesalargeamountoflongsentences,whichcannotonlyproducesolemnandformalstyle,butalsocangivedetaileddescriptionofitstopic:
solarelectric.Ontheotherhand,italsousessomeshortsentenceslikethefirstsentenceinpara.2“Solarcellswork’’andthefirstsentenceinpara.9“Howdoesasolarcellwork?
’’,whichcanproducedirect,concise,cleareffect.
Generally,thisscientifictextdevelopsfromgeneraltospecific,orabstracttoconcrete.Inthiscase,thelanguageofscienceandtechnologydasdevelopeditsowncharacteristics:
1).highfrequencyofoccurrenceofpassivevoice
2).morenominalizedelements
Therefore,thecharacteristicsofthisscientifictextareasfollows:
1).passivevoice:
a.weredevelopedto….
b.canbesoldfor…
c.isneeded…
d.havebeenbroughtby…
e.areenergizedof..
f.aremade
g.aremounted,wiredandcovered
h.arebeingperfected
2).participialphrases:
a.pilotedsolarairplane
b.high-pricedoil
c.chargedby
d.wastingatleast
3)nominalizationofprocesses:
a.solarrevolution(torevolutesolar);
b.ourenergyhorizon(tohorizononourenergy);
c.energyproducers(toproduceenergy);
d.themini-computer(tominimumthecomputer);
e.programdirector(todirectprogram)
…
5.AttheSemanticLevel
Eachstylehasitsownsemanticfeatures,sodoesscientificpaper.Andthesemanticsystemofscientificpaperhasthefollowingcharacteristics.
1)Theexplicitnessoftherelationsbetweensemanticfeatures.
Thefunctionofscientificpaperistoconveyinformationandknowledgeofscienceandtechnology,soitwillmakeuseofallcohesivedevices,includingvisualdevices,tomaketherelationsandlevelsclearandthestructureintegral.Forexample,inthistext,theauthorlinksthewholetextasastring:
theimportanceofsolarelectric------solarcellswork-----howdoesasolarcellwork?
-----whataremostsolarcellsmadefrom?
Also,visualdevicesuchasstatistics,6000cells,isusedtopresentthefactmoreclearlyandconvincingly.
Intermoftherelationsofsemanticstructures,ithasthecharacteristicsasfollows.
a.Precisemodificationandclearlogicalrelations.Forexample,“justmaybe”,“orsolarelectric’’canbeomittedinothertext,buthereitisusedtomaketherelationsexplicit.
b.Allconjunctiverelationsareexplicit.Forexample,“But”,anumberof“and”and“ontheotherhand”arelistedinthetext.
c.Moreexamplesandinstances:
suchastheUnitedStates’spaceprogram,theUnitedStatesEuropeandJapansolarfirms,Federalregulations,etc.
d.Themajorityoftheclausesinthetexthaverelationalprocesses,mainlyexpressedby“be”,whichcanbeseenthroughoutthewholetext.
2)Depersonification
Asscientificpaperisneededtoconveyinformationobjectively,theauthorhastoavoidpersonalfeelings,likesanddislikes,etc.Therefore,inlanguage,itisnecessaryfortheauthortodistancethemselvesfromtheinformationtheyconvey.Thismeansiscalleddepersonification.Andpassivevoiceisoftenusedtoachievesuchagoal.
Inthisscientificpaper,itusesmanyapassivevoice.Forexample,throughoutthewholetext,passivevoicecanbeeasilyseen,forexample,“Theyweredevelopedto…”“Buttheyhavebeenexorbitantly…”“Moretestingisneeded…”etc,whileinanordinarynarrativetext,passivevoiceisrarelyused.
3)Relationalization
Asthemajoraimofscientificlanguageistoconveyinformationandtellthetruthtothemass,itwillfocusontherelationsbetweentheseactionsandevents,forwhichtheactionsandeventswillberelationalizedintothingsandconcepts,whiletherelationsbecometheverballinksbetweenthem,whichisaprominentfeatureofscienceandtechnology.
Intermofrelationalization,manyclausesarenominalized.Forexample:
a.asolarrevolution(torevolutesolar);
b.ourenergyhorizon(tohorizononourenergy);
c.energyproducers(toproduceenergy);
Conclusion:
“ElectricityfromtheSun”isascientificpaperonnaturalscience,solarelectric.Accordingtoitsstyle,itisanalyzedfromfivelevels:
phonologicallevel,graphologicallevel,lexicallevel,grammaticallevelandsemanticlevel.
Atthephonologicallevel,itismainlyconcernedwiththesoundandwriting,representingthesamethingintwodifferentways.Asthepresenttextisascientificpaper,itisofthecharacteristicsofwrittenlanguagewhichisformal,detailed,logicalandindirectandsoon.
Atthegraphologicallevel,itstudiesthesymbolswhicharedistinctive.Inthisscientificpaper,itmainlyfocusesontheuseofperiods,commasandcapitals,whichareimportantprominentdevicesforstylisticeffects.
Atthelexicallevel,itconcernedthestudyofthemeaningofwords.Inthepresentscientifictext,itusesagreatnumberoftechnicaltermsaboutnaturalscience,solarelect
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